Rumination, automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes, and thought suppression as transdiagnostic factors in depression and anxiety

High comorbidity of anxiety and depression poses challenges to research and treatment in clinical settings. The current study was set out to investigate whether respondents can be separated into discrete depressive and anxious subgroups or reveal a continuous distribution throughout the population based on the symptoms of depression and anxiety. In addition, we also explored the role of rumination, automatic thoughts, dysfunctional attitudes, and thought suppression as transdiagnostic factors. Psychometric instruments including Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Automatic Thoughts Questionnaire (ATQ), Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale-Revised (DAS-R), Ruminative Response Scale – Short Form (RRS-SF), and White Bear Suppression Inventory (WBSI) were completed by 310 undergraduates. Item responses to the BDI and BAI were subjected to latent class analysis (LCA). The LCA showed that three homogenous subgroups exist: normal, subclinical, and psychopathology latent classes. Findings supported the dimensional model rather than the categorical distinction between anxiety and depression. Strong covariances between anxious and depressive symptoms across latent subgroups were observed. Having controlled for age and gender, automatic thoughts, dysfunctional thinking, rumination, and thought suppression were all found significant transdiagnostic factors. Anxiety and depression, as frequently co-occurring clinical conditions, can be best understood in a continuum rather than taxonomic classifications. Individuals more prone to use maladaptive cognitive emotional regulation strategies seem to be at greater risk of psychopathology. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature

dissociative Experiences are Associated with Obsessive-Compulsive Symptoms in a Non-clinical Sample: A latent Profile Analysis disosiyatif Yaşantılar Klinik Olmayan Örneklemde Obsesif-Kompulsif Belirtilerle İlişkilidir: Gizil Profil Analiziyle Bir İncelem

Arc hi ves of Neu ropsy chi atry 2014; 51: 253-262 Nö rop si ki yat ri Ar fli vi 2014; 51: 253-262 ÖZET Giriş: Obsesif-kompulsif belirtiler ve disosiyatif yaşantılar arasındaki manidar ilişkilere dair çalışmaların sayısı artmaktadır. Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinden oluşan bir Türk örnekleminde disosiyatif semptomotoloji ve obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerin alt boyutları arasındaki ilişkiler gizil sınıf analizi kullanılarak elde edilen homojen alt gruplarda incelenmiştir. Yön tem : 2976 üniversite öğrencisinden elde edilen Disosiyatif Yaşantılar Ölçeği (DYÖ) maddelerinden oluşan veriye, gizil sınıf analizine dayalı son zamanlarda geliştirilen bir sınıflama yöntemi olarak gizil profil analizi uygulanmıştır. Obsesif-kompulsif belirtiler, anksiyete ve depresyon şiddeti bakımından gruplar arası farklar multinomial regresyon analizleriyle değerlendirilmiştir. Gizil sınıf olasılıklarının obsesif-kompulsif alt ölçekleri, anksiyete ve depresyonla olan ilişkisi Pearson momentler çarpımı korelasyon katsayıları hesaplanarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bul gu lar: Gizil profil analizi sonuçları disosiyasyon kavramına ilişkin süreksizlik modellerini destekleyici ek kanıtlar sunmuştur. DYÖ maddelerine göre yapılan analiz sonucunda üç alt grup arasında önemli farklılıklar olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Örneklemin önemli bir yüzdesi (%42) yüksek disosiyatif özellik gösteren sınıf içinde kümelenmiştir. Sonraki analizlerde obsesifkompulsif belirtilerin gizil sınıflar arasında manidar düzeyde farklılaştığı görülmüştür. Obsessif-kompulsif belirtiler ve disosiyatif semptomotoloji arasındaki ilişkiler ele alındığında, düşük disosiyasyon düzeylerinin obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerle başa çıkmada tampon işlevi gördüğü halde yüksek disosiyasyonun artmış obsesif-kompulsif belirtilerle ilişkili olduğu gözlenmiştir. So nuç: Araştırma sonucunda disosiyasyon kavramının en iyi tipolojik bir yaklaşım içinde açıklanabileceği, disosiyatif semptomotolojinin obsesifkompulsif belirtilerdeki artışa neden olurken uyuma yönelik bir başa çıkma stratejisi olarak da işlev gördüğü sonucuna varılmıştır. ABS TRACT introduction: There has been a burgeoning literature considering the significant associations between obsessive-compulsive symptoms and dissociative experiences. In this study, the relationsips between dissociative symtomotology and dimensions of obsessive-compulsive symptoms were examined in homogeneous sub-groups obtained with latent class algorithm in an undergraduate Turkish sample. Met hod: Latent profile analysis, a recently developed classification method based on latent class analysis, was applied to the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES) item-response data from 2976 undergraduates. Differences in severity of obsessivecompulsive symptoms, anxiety and depression across groups were evaluated by running multinomial logistic regression analyses. Associations between latent class probabilities and psychological variables in terms of obsessive-compulsive subtypes, anxiety, and depression were assessed by computing Pearson's productmoment correlation coefficients. Re sults: The findings of the latent profile analysis supported further evidence for discontinuity model of dissociative experiences. The analysis empirically justified the distinction among three sub-groups based on the DES items. A marked proportion of the sample (42%) was assigned to the high dissociative class. In the further analyses, all sub-types of obsessive-compulsive symptoms significantly differed across latent classes. Regarding the relationships between obsessivecompulsive symptoms and dissociative symptomatology, low dissociation appeared to be a buffering factor dealing with obsessive-compulsive symptoms; whereas high dissociation appeared to be significantly associated with high levels of obsessivecompulsive symptoms. Conc lu si on: It is concluded that the concept of dissociation can be best understood in a typological approach that dissociative symptomatology not only exacerbates obsessive-compulsive symptoms but also serves as an adaptive coping mechanism. (Arc hi ves of Neu ropsy chi atry 2014; 51: 253-262

Development of a Psychometric Instrument Based on the Inference- Based Approach to Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: The Obsessional Probabilistic Inference Scale

ABSTRACT Introduction: The current article addresses the validation of the construct of obsessional probabilistic inference in clinical and non-clinical samples. Obsessional probabilistic inference or obsessional doubt refers to a type of inferential process resulting in the belief that a state of affairs "maybe" causes development of a maladaptive cognitive coping style in terms of obsessing

Araştırmalarda Chaid Analizinin Kullanımı ve Baş Etme Stratejileri İle İlgili Bir Uygulama

Chaid analizi, örneklemi sınıflama yöntemiyle (cluster analysis) regresyon analizinin bir arada uygulandığı karma bir istatistiksel yaklaşımdır. Bu çalışmada chaid analizi kullanılarak üniversite öğrencilerinin stresli durumlarda kullandıkları baş etme stratejileri, demografik özellikleri ve psikolojik belirtilerin düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiler değerlendirilmiştir. Bu amaçla Yüzüncü Yıl Üniversitesi’nde lisans eğitimi almakta olan 329 öğrenciye Baş Etme Tutumlarını Değerlendirme Ölçeği (COPE), Kısa Belirti Listesi (SCL53) ve demografik özellikler soru formu uygulanmıştır. Örneklemden toplanan veriler chaid analizi kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular stresli durumlarda pasif baş etme stratejilerinin kullanımının psikolojik belirtilerde artışa neden olduğunu göstermiştir. Duygulara odaklanma ve duyguların dışa vurumu, davranışsal olarak kaçınma ve diğer meşguliyetleri bastırma davranışları psikolojik belirti düzeyiyle ilişkili olan baş etme stratejileridir. Öğrencilerin yaşları, cinsiyeti, medeni durumları, ekonomik düzeyi gibi demografik özelliklerinin psikolojik belirtilerle ilişkili olmadığı gözlenmiştir

Health-Related Cognitions and Metacognitions Indirectly Contribute to the Relationships Between Impulsivity, Fear of COVID-19, and Cyberchondria

The aim of the study was to converge a structural equation model to unfold the compositive relationships between trait impulsivity, health cognitions, metacognitions about health, fear of COVID-19 and cyberchondria, after controlling for gender, age, marital status, having a chronic illness and chronic illness among first-degree relatives. Six hundred fifty-one participants (423 females, 65%; 228 males, 35%) participated in the study. The Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale (S-UPPS-P), Health Cognitions Questionnaire (HCQ), The Meta-Cognitions about Health Questionnaire (MCQ-HA), Cyberchondria Severity Scale -Short Form (CSS-12), and Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19 S) were completed by volunteered participants. The structural model showed that the S-UPPS-P directly and indirectly contributed to the HCQ, MCQ-HA, CSS-12, and FCV-19 S. The multi-group structural analysis by gender showed that the structural model had a partial measurement and factorial invariance. We concluded that the significant associations between impulsivity, fear of COVID-19 and cyberchondria were indirectly contributed by health-related cognitions and metacognitions

Relationships between fear of COVID-19, cyberchondria, intolerance of uncertainty, and obsessional probabilistic inferences: A structural equation model

The study was set out to explore the structural relationships between fear of COVID-19, cyberchondria, intolerance of uncertainty, and obsessional probabilistic inferences. The data were recruited online from a community population (n = 1,049) subjected to a confirmatory factor analytic procedure. The structural model specified according to the previous findings in the literature showed that a general tendency to negative expectations in terms of probabilistic thinking was significantly associated with both COVID-19-related-fear and intolerance of uncertainty. Fear of COVID-19 was significantly associated with cyberchondria. Probabilistic thinking style and intolerance of uncertainty contributed to cyberchondria through fear of COVID-19 as well. We concluded that a tendency to engage in a probabilistic thinking style and intolerance of uncertainty seems to play role in the etiology of fear of infection and cyberchondria

Health anxiety model of cyberchondria, fears, obsessions, sleep quality, and negative affect during COVID-19

The aim of the study was to explore the relationships among cyberchondria, fear of COVID-19, health anxiety, obsessions, sleep quality, and negative affect in a national community sample of Turkish participants. A sample of 8,276 volunteers, aged between 18 and 65, were recruited via an online platform. The Perceived Vulnerability about Diseases Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Cyberchondria Severity Scale, Short Health Anxiety Inventory, Depression Stress Anxiety Scale-21, Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were completed by participants. Data were analyzed using mixture structural equation modelling approach. Results revealed that perceived vulnerability to disease was found to be positively related with cyberchondria, poor sleep quality, health anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Negative affect was positively associated with obsessive-compulsive symptoms, fears of COVID-19, cyberchondria severity, and poor sleep quality. Additionally, fear of COVID-19 was positively related to health anxiety. Also, cyberchondria severity was found to be positively associated with poor sleep quality and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Mixture analysis classified participants into six latent classes: 1) Risk-Aversive Healthy Group, 2) Incautious Healthy Group, 3) Infection Obsessions Group, 4) Health Anxiety Group, 5) Negative Affect Group, and 6) General Psychopathology Group. The national survey data showed that perceived vulnerability to diseases, negative affect, fear of COVID-19, cyberchondria, health anxiety, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and sleep quality appeared to be at the center of pandemic health anxiety.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) [120K443]This research has been supported by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK). Project Number: 120K443

A psychometric investigation into the Turkish version of the SLEEP-50 Questionnaire

The aim of the study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the SLEEP-50 Questionnaire (SLEEP-50), designed to assess probable caseness of sleep disorders in general population based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edition Text Revision. Five hundred and twenty-two college students, aged between 18-44 years, participated in the study. Using the cutoff values informed by initial validation study, we detected the prevalence rates of sleep disorders. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the SLEEP-50 were evaluated. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was administered along with the questionnaire to assess convergent validity. The internal consistency of the overall questionnaire was excellent (Cronbachs α=.91). Substantial kappa values showed that temporal stability of the SLEEP-50 was adequate. All sleep disorders detected by the SLEEP-50 were found to be significantly associated with the poor sleep quality as indexed by the PSQI. The Turkish version of the SLEEP-50 revealed adequate psychometric properties. [JCBPR 2018; 7(3.000): 127-132