Biopolítica y Filosofía feminista

Foucault reconoce diversas formas de racionalidad política que articulan de manera específica los procedimientos encaminados a resolver el problema de “cómo gobernar” distinguiendo entre sociedades de soberanía, de disciplina y de seguridad. El biopoder emerge en el paso de las sociedades disciplinarias a las de seguridad como articulación de dos tecnologías: la anatomopolítica y la biopolítica. El sexo es la “bisagra” que articula los dos ejes a lo largo de los cuales se desarrolla la tecnología política de la vida. Se relaciona con el disciplinamiento del cuerpo (la domesticación, intensificación y distribución de sus fuerzas) y con la regulación de la población. El sexo traduce tanto la “energía política” como el “vigor biológico” de una sociedad. No obstante, Foucault insiste en dejar de lado sexo y deseo a favor de la cuestión del uso de los placeres. Estos planteamientos de Foucault han sido problematizados por varias teóricas del feminismo. Por un lado, se denuncia el carácter masculinista de su retórica, el androcentrismo de su perspectiva y el pesimismo de su visión. Por otro, sirve de inspiración para llevar a cabo nuevos análisis de las tecnologías del cuerpo que ponen de manifiesto las diferencias específicas de género, así como la posibilidad de construir nuevos proyectos políticos a favor de la emancipación de las mujeres.Foucault recognizes diverse forms of political rationality that articulate in a specific way the procedures aimed at resolving the issue of “how to govern”, distinguishing between societies of sovereignty, discipline and security. Biopower emerges in the transition from disciplinary societies to societies of security as the articulation of two technologies: the anatomopolitics and biopolitics. Sex is the hinge that links the two axis along which the political technology of life is developed. It is related to the disciplining of the body (the domestication, intensification and distribution of its strengths) and with the regulation of the population. Sex translates the “political energy” as well as “the biological vigor” of a society. Nonetheless, Foucalt insists on leaving sex and desire aside in favor of the issue of the role of pleasures. These arguments by Foucault have been problematized by various feminist theorists. On the one hand, they denounce the masculine character of his rhetoric, the androcentrism of his perspective and the pessimism of his vision. On the other hand, they help inspire new analyses of the technologies of the body which make visible the specific gender differences, as well as the possibility to build new political projects in support of the emancipation of women

Characterization of the Electromagnetic Susceptibility of Integrated Circuits using a Near Field Scan

2 pagesInternational audienceThe paper describes a susceptibility characterization test for integrated circuits using a miniature magnetic near field probe. The method is efficient up to a frequency of 6 GHz and maps immunity to radiated fields

Ageing effect on electromagnetic susceptibility of a phase locked loop

5 pagesInternational audiencePhase locked loop in radiofrequency and mixed signal integrated circuit experience noise as electromagnetic interference coupled on input and power supply which translates to the timing jitter. Most of PLL noise analysis did not take into account the ageing effect. However device ageing can degrade the physical parameters of transistors and makes noise impact worse. This paper deals with the analyses of PLL immunity drift after accelerated ageing

An On-Chip Sensor for Time Domain Characterization of Electromagnetic Interferences

International audienceWith the growing concerns about susceptibility of integrated circuits to electromagnetic interferences, the need for accurate prediction tools and models to reduce risks of noncompliance becomes critical for circuit designers. However, on-chip characterization of noise is still necessary for model validation. This paper presents an on-chip noise sensor dedicated to the time-domain measurement of voltage fluctuations induced by interference coupling

Characterisation of electromagnetic compatibility drifts of nanoscale integrated circuit after accelerated life tests

2 pagesInternational audiencePresented is an original study about the effects of integrated circuit aging on electromagnetic emission and immunity to radio frequency interferences. For the first time an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) qualification procedure is proposed to quantify the EMC level variation over the full lifetime of a component. Results presented show non-negligible variations of the emission and immunity thresholds after accelerated life tests, which could seriously deteriorate EMC margins required to ensure compliance with standard EMC levels

On-Chip Noise Sensor for Integrated Circuit Susceptibility Investigations

page number: 12International audienceWith the growing concerns about electromagnetic compatibility of integrated circuits, the need for accurate prediction tools and models to reduce risks of non-compliance becomes critical for circuit designers. However, on-chip characterization of noise is still necessary for model validation and design optimization. Although different on-chip measurement solutions have been proposed for emission issue characterization, no on-chip measurement methods have been proposed to address the susceptibility issues. This paper presents an on-chip noise sensor dedicated to the study of circuit susceptibility to electromagnetic interferences. A demonstration of the sensor measurement performances and benefits is proposed through a study of the susceptibility of a digital core to conducted interferences. Sensor measurements ensure a better characterization of actual coupling of interferences within the circuit and a diagnosis of failure origins

Characterization of the Evolution of IC Emissions after Accelerated Aging

9 pagesInternational audienceWith the evolving technological development of integrated circuits (ICs), ensuring electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) is becoming a serious challenge for electronic circuit and system manufacturers. Although electronic components must pass a set of EMC tests to ensure safe operations, the evolution over time of EMC is not characterized and cannot be accurately forecast. This paper presents an original study about the consequences of the aging of circuits on electromagnetic emission. Different types of standard applicative and accelerated-life tests are applied on a mixed power circuit dedicated to automotive applications. Its conducted emission is measured before and after these tests showing variations in EMC performances. Comparisons between each type of aging procedure show that the emission level of the circuit under test is affected differently

Could Aldi Succeed in Canada?

This research considers Aldi’s potential for penetrating the Canadian grocery market. We consider the history of Aldi, its strategy and previous international expansion, and important political, economic, and social landscapes it will face in Canada. After answering a set of research questions devised to analyze all aspects of a new venture for Aldi in Canada, we provide a set of recommendations for how Aldi should proceed

Experimental verification of the usefulness of the nth power law MOSFET model under hot carrier wearout

4 pagesInternational audienceIn this paper the usefulness of the nth power law MOSFET model under Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) wearout has been experimentally demonstrated. In order to do that, three types of nFET transistors have been analyzed under different HCI conditions and the nth power law MOSFET model has been extracted for each sample. The results show that the model can reproduce the MOSFET behavior under HCI wearout mechanism. Therefore, the impact of HCI on circuits can be analyzed by using the nth power law MOSFET model

User Semantic Model for Hybrid Recommender Systems

International audienceRecommender systems provide relevant items to users from a large number of choices. In this work, we are interested in personalized recommender systems where user model is based on an analysis of usage. Collaborative filtering and content-based filtering are the most widely used techniques in personalized recommender systems. Each technique has its drawbacks, so hybrid solutions, combining the two techniques, have emerged to overcome their disadvantages and benefit from their strengths. In this paper, we propose a hybrid solution combining collaborative filtering and content-based filtering. With this aim, we have defined a new user model, called user semantic model, to model user semantic preferences based on items' features and user ratings. The user semantic model is built from the user-item model by using a fuzzy clustering algorithm: the Fuzzy C Mean (FCM) algorithm. Then, we used the user semantic model in a user-based collaborative filtering algorithm to calculate the similarity between users. Applying our approach to the MoviesLens dataset, significant improvements can be noticed comparatively to standards user-based and item-based collaborative filtering algorithms