L’application de la méthode des comparables à la forêt publique québécoise

En 1986, le gouvernement du Québec a institué une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation des redevances forestières pour les terres qui relèvent de sa propriété, soit la méthode des comparables. Elle consiste à transposer la valeur des bois extraits des terres privées à celle des tiges croissant sur les terres publiques. Même si des réserves peuvent être exprimées quant au degré de concurrence sur le marché des boisés privés, ce point semble mineur en regard de l’ouverture de ce marché vers l’extérieur de la province. Des difficultés apparaissent cependant dans la transposition des valeurs du bois sur pied de la forêt privée à la forêt publique, à cause de la responsabilité partagée de la gestion de la forêt publique entre le gouvernement et l’entreprise privée qui découle du système de tenure. Cette responsabilité partagée introduit certains biais dans l’évaluation du bois debout sur les terres publiques. Ces biais réduisent les redevances forestières que le gouvernement pourrait percevoir, tout au moins à long terme. Pour résoudre certaines difficultés, le gouvernement pourrait accroître l’information disponible sur les coûts de production pour les terres publiques notamment en privatisant certaines parties du domaine public.In 1986, the government of the province of Québec introduced a new method to evaluate stumpage fees for public forests. It is called the comparable method and it ties the value of timber on public lands to its value on private lots which are mostly located in the southern part of province. Although some concerns may be expressed due to the limited nature of competition for private timber, the point appears to be minor when the open nature of the log market is taken into account. However some problems arise at the application level because of the reponsibility which the government and the private enterprises share in the administration of public forests through the tenure system. The joint responsability introduces biases in stumpages fees which tend to reduce their value, at least in the long run. To circumvent these difficulties, the government could improve the state of knowledge with respect to costs of harvesting timber on public lands by privatizing parts of the public forests

L’application de la méthode des comparables à la forêt publique québécoise

In 1986, the government of the province of Québec introduced a new method to evaluate stumpage fees for public forests. It is called the comparable method and it ties the value of timber on public lands to its value on private lots which are mostly located in the southern part of province. Although some concerns may be expressed due to the limited nature of competition for private timber, the point appears to be minor when the open nature of the log market is taken into account. However some problems arise at the application level because of the reponsibility which the government and the private enterprises share in the administration of public forests through the tenure system. The joint responsability introduces biases in stumpages fees which tend to reduce their value, at least in the long run. To circumvent these difficulties, the government could improve the state of knowledge with respect to costs of harvesting timber on public lands by privatizing parts of the public forests. En 1986, le gouvernement du Québec a institué une nouvelle méthode d’évaluation des redevances forestières pour les terres qui relèvent de sa propriété, soit la méthode des comparables. Elle consiste à transposer la valeur des bois extraits des terres privées à celle des tiges croissant sur les terres publiques. Même si des réserves peuvent être exprimées quant au degré de concurrence sur le marché des boisés privés, ce point semble mineur en regard de l’ouverture de ce marché vers l’extérieur de la province. Des difficultés apparaissent cependant dans la transposition des valeurs du bois sur pied de la forêt privée à la forêt publique, à cause de la responsabilité partagée de la gestion de la forêt publique entre le gouvernement et l’entreprise privée qui découle du système de tenure. Cette responsabilité partagée introduit certains biais dans l’évaluation du bois debout sur les terres publiques. Ces biais réduisent les redevances forestières que le gouvernement pourrait percevoir, tout au moins à long terme. Pour résoudre certaines difficultés, le gouvernement pourrait accroître l’information disponible sur les coûts de production pour les terres publiques notamment en privatisant certaines parties du domaine public.

Simulation-based multiple-choice test assessment of clinical competence for large groups of medical students: a comparison of auscultation sound identification either with or without clinical context

Background: Although simulation-based teaching is popular, high-fidelity, high-cost approaches may be unsuitable or unavailable for use with large groups. We designed a multiple-choice test for large groups of medical students to explore a low-cost approach in assessing clinical competence. We tested two different scenarios in assessing student’s ability to identify heart and lung sounds: by hearing the sounds alone, or in an enhanced scenario where sounds are incorporated into clinical vignettes to give clinical context.Method: The two-section test consists of multiple-choice questions with one best answer.  In the first section, the student must identify 25 auscultation sounds from amongst a choice of 14 heart sounds and 11 lung-sounds. The second section integrates these same sounds into clinical vignettes to provide clinical context. Students must either identify the illness or the next clinical step, choosing from four possible answers.  Performances of 859 students were evaluated.Results:  The alpha coefficient of reliability is 0.54 and 0.76 respectively for the first and the second section. In the latter section there is significant difference between scores of first, second, fourth year students and residents, in contrast to the first-section scores.  Conclusions: A multiple-choice test to assess clinical competence based on simulated auscultation sounds incorporated into clinical vignettes allows us to differentiate between training levels and seems to be a valid assessment method suitable for large-group format

Improving Outcomes in Adults with Diabetes Through an Interprofessional Collaborative Practice Program

In 2014, the Midwest Interprofessional Practice, Education and Research Center partnered with a Federally Qualified Health Center (FQHC) to implement an interprofessional collaborative practice (IPCP) education program to improve the health of adult patients with diabetes and to improve practice efficiency. This partnership included integrating an interprofessional team of students with the practice team. Twenty-five students and 20 staff engaged in the IPCP program, which included completion of educational modules on IPCP and implementation of daily huddles, focus patient visits, phone calls, team-based case presentations, medication reconciliation, and student-led group diabetes education classes. This study used a sequential mixed methods design. Tools used for collecting data from staff and students included demographic forms, the Interdisciplinary Education Perception Scale (IEPS), the Entry-level Interprofessional Questionnaire, the Collaborative Practice Assessment Tool, and pre/post module knowledge tests completed at baseline and at one-year post implementation. Patient clinical indicators included HgbA1c, glucose, lipid panel laboratory assessments, body mass index, blood pressure, and documentation of annual dental, foot, and eye examinations. Practice efficiency was measured by the average number of patients seen per provider per hour. Both students and staff showed significant knowledge gains in IPCP on Team Dynamics and Tips for Behavioural Changes knowledge tests (p \u3c .05). Patients who had an HgbA1c of ≥ 7% significantly decreased their HgbA1c (p \u3c .05) and glucose (p \u3c .01). However, BMI and annual dental and eye examinations did not improve. Providers demonstrated an increase in the number of patients seen per hour. This IPCP intervention showed improvement in practice efficiencies and select patient outcomes in a family practice clinic

Apolipoprotein E polymorphism and plasma cholesterol response to probucol

Probucol has been shown to be an effective and well-tolerated cholesterol-lowering drug. However, response in terms of cholesterol reduction has been shown to vary significantly among individuals. The purpose of this study was to assess the role of apolipoprotein E polymorphism in determining this variation. A retrospective study of 89 hypercholesterolemic type II patients who had been treated with probucol (1 g/d) and for whom the apolipoprotein E phenotype was known was carried out. The patients were first grouped into those with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) and those considered to have other forms of hypercholesterolemia (non-FH). Further subclassification of the individuals in both groups as IIa or IIb, allowed the definition of four diagnostic classes, FH IIa or IIb and non-FH IIa or IIb. Among these classes there was no significant heterogeneity for the relationship between response and age or sex. After correction for between-class heterogeneity in duration of probucol treatment, comparison of individuals with the apo E3/3 phenotype with those carrying the [epsilon]4 allele showed significant differences in cholesterol reduction both absolute change and percent change. Further contrasts between diagnostic and apo E genotype stratifications of these data showed that the FH patients carrying the [epsilon]4 allele had the greatest reduction in cholesterol level.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26631/1/0000172.pd

Comparing polycentric configuration for adaptive governance within community forests: Case studies in Eastern North America

Looking at two cases of community forests (CF) in Eastern North America, this article examines their institutional features in order to assess whether they are conducive to adaptive governance. To do so, this article presents CFs as manifestations of polycentric governance, which allow identifying the complex networks of relations existing between different actors involved in governance at many scales. Polycentric governance is assumed to have a higher adaptability to changing factors. To better capture the variables conducive to adaptive governance in CFs, we draw on the socio-ecological system (SES) framework. The study shows that variables from the SES framework are useful in identifying features of polycentricity in CFs. Moreover, these variables highlight mechanisms of adaptability in CF governance, namely: interaction between organizations and actors, multiplicity of complementary rules from different organizations and structures of governance. Moreover, ongoing communication with the forest users and learning among actors appear key for CF governance’s adaptability

EmoNets: Multimodal deep learning approaches for emotion recognition in video

The task of the emotion recognition in the wild (EmotiW) Challenge is to assign one of seven emotions to short video clips extracted from Hollywood style movies. The videos depict acted-out emotions under realistic conditions with a large degree of variation in attributes such as pose and illumination, making it worthwhile to explore approaches which consider combinations of features from multiple modalities for label assignment. In this paper we present our approach to learning several specialist models using deep learning techniques, each focusing on one modality. Among these are a convolutional neural network, focusing on capturing visual information in detected faces, a deep belief net focusing on the representation of the audio stream, a K-Means based "bag-of-mouths" model, which extracts visual features around the mouth region and a relational autoencoder, which addresses spatio-temporal aspects of videos. We explore multiple methods for the combination of cues from these modalities into one common classifier. This achieves a considerably greater accuracy than predictions from our strongest single-modality classifier. Our method was the winning submission in the 2013 EmotiW challenge and achieved a test set accuracy of 47.67% on the 2014 dataset

A Novel Nonpeptide Antagonist of the Kinin B 1 Receptor: Effects at the Rabbit Receptor

ABSTRACT The kinin B 1 receptor (B 1 R) has attracted interest as a potential therapeutic target because this inducible G protein-coupled receptor is involved in sustained inflammation and inflammatory pain production. is a high-affinity nonpeptide antagonist for the human B 1 R, but it is potent at the rabbit B 1 R as well: its K i value for the inhibition of [ The kinin B 1 receptor (B 1 R) is a G protein-coupled receptor selectively stimulated by sequences related to bradykinin (BK) but not by BK itself. Instead, des-Arg 9 -BK, Lys-BK (kallidin) and Lys-des-Arg 9 -BK (des-Arg 1

Vascular smooth muscle contractility assays for inflammatory and immunological mediators

The blood vessels are one of the important target tissues for the mediators of inflammation and allergy; further cytokines affect them in a number of ways. We review the use of the isolated blood vessel mounted in organ baths as an important source of pharmacological information. While its use in the bioassay of vasoactive substances tends to be replaced with modern analytical techniques, contractility assays are effective to evaluate novel synthetic drugs, generating robust potency and selectivity data about agonists, partial agonists and competitive or insurmountable antagonists. For instance, the human umbilical vein has been used extensively to characterize ligands of the bradykinin B2 receptors. Isolated vascular segments are live tissues that are intensely reactive, notably with the regulated expression of gene products relevant for inflammation (e.g., the kinin B1 receptor and inducible nitric oxide synthase). Further, isolated vessels can be adapted as assays of unconventional proteins (cytokines such as interleukin-1, proteases of physiopathological importance, complement-derived anaphylatoxins and recombinant hemoglobin) and to the gene knockout technology. The well known cross-talks between different cell types, e.g., endothelium-muscle and nerve terminal-muscle, can be extended (smooth muscle cell interaction with resident or infiltrating leukocytes and tumor cells). Drug metabolism and distribution problems can be modeled in a useful manner using the organ bath technology, which, for all these reasons, opens a window on an intermediate level of complexity relative to cellular and molecular pharmacology on one hand, and in vivo studies on the other

Bradykinin receptors : agonists, antagonists, expression, signaling and adaptation to sustained stimulation

Bradykinin-related peptides, the kinins, are blood-derived peptides that stimulate 2 G protein–coupled receptors, the B1 and B2 receptors (B1R, B2R). The pharmacologic and molecular identities of these 2 receptor subtypes will be succinctly reviewed, with emphasis on drug development, receptor expression, signaling, and adaptation to persistent stimulation. Peptide and nonpeptide antagonists and fluorescent ligands have been produced for each receptor. The B2R is widely and constitutively expressed in mammalian tissues, whereas the B1R is mostly inducible under the effect of cytokines during infection and immunopathology. Both receptor subtypes mediate the vascular aspects of inflammation (vasodilation, edema formation). On this basis, icatibant, a peptide antagonist of the B2R, is approved in the management of hereditary angioedema attacks. Other clinical applications are still elusive despite the maturity of the medicinal chemistry efforts applied to kinin receptors. While both receptor subtypes are mainly coupled to the Gq protein and related second messengers, the B2R is temporarily desensitized by a cycle of phosphorylation/endocytosis followed by recycling, whereas the nonphosphorylable B1R is relatively resistant to desensitization and translocated to caveolae on activation