Accurate fault location algorithm on power transmission lines with use of two-end unsynchronized measurements

This paper presents a new approach to fault location on power transmission lines. This approach uses two-end unsynchronised measurements of the line and benefits from the advantages of digital technology and numerical relaying, which are available today and can easily be applied for off-line analysis. The approach is to modify the apparent impedance method using a very simple first-order formula. The new method is independent of fault resistance, source impedances and pre-fault currents. In addition, the data volume communicated between relays is sufficiently small enough to be transmitted easily using a digital protection channel. The proposed approach is tested via digital simulation using MATLand the applied test results corroborate the superior performance of the proposed approach

Unidirectional and bidirectional optimistic modes IP header compression for real-time video streaming

Communication over Internet Protocol (IP) networks, has become crucial component of day everyday activities. They are utilized over the Internet to support a wide range of services. The flexibility of this kind of transmission relies on the IP User Datagram Protocol (UDP), IP/UDP/Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP) and IP/Transmission Control Protocol (TCP). Unfortunately, the weight of encapsulated protocol headers affects the transmission efficiency. This research aims at improving a technique that reduce the packets header size by compression. Performance analysis of the enhanced efficient techniques in both unidirectional and bidirectional optimistic modes applied to real-time video streaming traffic for UDP/IP and HTTP/TCP flows over free error channel has been conducted. The finding shows that the header compression ratio in each case is good and better than the previous studies. The technique achieved a reduction up to 90% for RTP/UDP/IP, 89% for UDP /IP and 77.5 to 86.5 % for TCP/IP profile. This research contribution is restricted to compression gain and saving for 0x0000, 0x0001, 0x0002 and 0x0006 profiles in the unidirectional and bidirectional optimistic mode

IN SILICO INVESTIGATION OF SALVIA OFFICINALIS ANTI-ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY AS A POTENTIAL THERAPEUTIC APPROACH FOR ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE

Abstract Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent type of dementia, which is a broad term encompassing memory loss and other cognitive impairments that significantly disrupt daily activities. The object of this study is to inhibit the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, and the two peptides beta-amyloid 40, beta-amyloid 42, which are responsible for Alzheimer's disease, using rosemarinic acid extracted from the Salvia officinalis plant. The study conducted an in silico analysis of three compounds extracted from salvia officinalis. The compounds were then subjected to drug-likeness prediction using DruLiTo and ADMET prediction to evaluate absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity using pkCSM online. Molecular docking was performed using the AutoDock 4.2.6 program to targets. and the results were visualized using Discovery Studio Visualizer softwar. In silico studies reveal that the inhibitor ligand rosmarinic acid interacts with 4EY4, forming 6 amino acid bonds with an inhibition constant (Ki) of 25287.99 nm and ∆G = -8.4 kcal/mol. This interaction is found to be more potent than the commercially available product citicoline (Ki= 742253.85 nm)

Fault location in EHV transmission lines using artificial neural networks

This paper deals with the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to fault detection and location in extra high voltage (EHV) transmission lines for high speed protection using terminal line data. The proposed neural fault detector and locator were trained using various sets of data available from a selected power network model and simulating different fault scenarios (fault types, fault locations, fault resistances and fault inception angles) and different power system data (source capacities, source voltages, source angles, time constants of the sources). Three fault locators are proposed and a comparative study of the proposed fault locators is carried out in order to determine which ANN fault locator structure leads to the best performance. The results show that artificial neural networks offer the possibility to be used for on-line fault detection and location in transmission lines and give satisfactory results

Relais à base de réseaux de neurones pour la protection des lignes de transport à THT

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Besoins en eau de différentes variétés de blé dur en conditions semi-aride.

International audienceL'étude expérimentale menée à Chlef (Algérie) a porté sur 4 saisons de croissance (1998-2001) présentant des climats contrastés. Les 3 cultivars utilisés sont Vitron, Waha et Chen's. Les traitements d'irrigation adoptés sont: NI (conduite pluviale), EI (irrigation précoce, jusqu'à l'épiaison), LI (irrigation tardive, à partir de l'épiaison) et FI (pleine irrigation, tout au long de la saison croissance). L'intéraction irrigation x variété a été significative pour le rendement à P < 0.001 en 1998, 1999 et 2001 et à P < 0.05 en 2000. Les plus hauts rendements ont été obtenus en 1998 sous irrigation permanente (FI) avec des valeurs de 7500 kg.ha-1 et 5420 kg.ha-1 repectivement pour Vitron, Waha et Chen's. Le parcours d'élaboration du rendement sous irrigation non limitante est un peu différente entre les trois cultivars mais les composantes de rendement sont différemment affectées par le déficit hydrique selon les cultivars; Les valeurs maximales des coefficients culturaux varient de 0.90 à 0.94 pour les quatre saisons et sont égales à 1.0 (Vitron), 0.97 (Waha) et 0.89 (Chen's) pour les 3 cutivars. S'agissant du choix du cultivar dans une région semi-aride où l'eau d'irrigation serait pleinement disponible, le cultivar Vitron serait un bon choix si le potentiel de la culture est accessible. Par contre, en condition d'eau limitante, la variété Waha s'avère un choix plus judicieux

Interphase and Ground Faults Detection for High Speed Transmission Line Protection Using Artificial Neural Networks and The One-Terminal Current Data

Tahar Bouthiba, F. Yousfi, Mouloud Denai, ‘Interphase and Ground Faults Detection for High Speed Transmission Line Protection Using Artificial Neural Networks and The One-Terminal Current Data’, paper presented at the IEEE/PELS International Conference on Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Bursa, Turkey, 7-11 November, 2002.Peer reviewe

Varietal differences in the response of durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum) to irrigation strategies in a semi-arid region of Algeria

International audienceThe response of three durum wheat cultivars (C: Chen’s, V: Vitron, W: Waha) to irrigation was studied during 4 years in semi-arid Algeria (Chlef). The four treatments were NI (unirrigated), EI (early irrigation, up to heading), LI (late irrigation, from heading) and FI (full irrigation, over the entire season). FI increased rainfed grain yield (1,300 kg ha−1) by 270%, EI by 107%, and LI by 67%. The variety × irrigation interaction was significant each year. Under irrigation, cv. Vitron was generally the most productive cultivar while in rainfed conditions cv. Waha always resulted in the highest grain yield. Grain yield increased exponentially with seasonal evapotranspiration (r 2 = 0.741) and harvest index (r 2 = 0.873). Water use efficiency for grain ranged from 4.6–5.3 kg ha−1 mm−1 (NI) to 9.6–10.8 kg ha−1 mm−1 (FI) as a function of cultivar and irrigation, cv. Vitron and cv. Waha (full irrigation) and cv. Waha (rainfed) being the most efficient cultivars. According to the evaporation pan method, the seasonal crop coefficient (K c) values for the three cultivars were 0.64 (V), 0.62 (W) and 0.54 (C). The corresponding peak K c values were 1.0, 0.97 and 0.89, respectively. K c was closely related to leaf area index (LAI) and specific logarithmic relationships were calculated for each cultivar. Irrigation scheduling should be adapted to the type of cultivar in relation to its potential yield and LAI development pattern