31 research outputs found

    Differential expression of VEGF-Axxx isoforms is critical for development of pulmonary fibrosis

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    RATIONALE Fibrosis after lung injury is related to poor outcome, and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) can be regarded as an exemplar. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A has been implicated in this context, but there are conflicting reports as to whether it is a contributory or protective factor. Differential splicing of the VEGF-A gene produces multiple functional isoforms including VEGF-Aa and VEGF-Ab, a member of the inhibitory family. To date there is no clear information on the role of VEGF-A in IPF. OBJECTIVES To establish VEGF-A isoform expression and functional effects in IPF. METHODS We used tissue sections, plasma, and lung fibroblasts from patients with IPF and control subjects. In a bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis model we used wild-type MMTV mice and a triple transgenic mouse SPC-rtTATetoCreLoxP-VEGF-Ato conditionally induce VEGF-A isoform deletion specifically in the alveolar type II (ATII) cells of adult mice. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS IPF and normal lung fibroblasts differentially expressed and responded to VEGF-Aa and VEGF-Ab in terms of proliferation and matrix expression. Increased VEGF-Ab was detected in plasma of progressing patients with IPF. In a mouse model of pulmonary fibrosis, ATII-specific deficiency of VEGF-A or constitutive overexpression of VEGF-Ab inhibited the development of pulmonary fibrosis, as did treatment with intraperitoneal delivery of VEGF-Ab to wild-type mice. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that changes in the bioavailability of VEGF-A sourced from ATII cells, namely the ratio of VEGF-Aa to VEGF-Ab, are critical in development of pulmonary fibrosis and may be a paradigm for the regulation of tissue repair

    Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) isoform expression and activity in human and murine lung injury

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The properties of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a potent vascular permogen and mitogen have led to investigation of its potential role in lung injury. Alternate spliced VEGF transcript generates several isoforms with potentially differing functions. The purpose of this study was to determine VEGF isoform expression and source in normal and ARDS subjects and investigate the expression and regulation of VEGF isoforms by human alveolar type 2 (ATII) cells.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>VEGF protein expression was assessed immunohistochemically in archival normal and ARDS human lung tissue. VEGF isoform mRNA expression was assessed in human and murine lung tissue. Purified ATII cells were cultured with proinflammatory cytokines prior to RNA extraction/cell supernatant sampling/proliferation assay.</p> <p>Measurements and Main Results</p> <p>VEGF was expressed on alveolar epithelium, vascular endothelium and alveolar macrophages in normal and ARDS human lung tissue. Increases in VEGF expression were detected in later ARDS in comparison to both normal subjects and early ARDS (p < 0.001). VEGF<sub>121</sub>, VEGF<sub>165 </sub>and VEGF<sub>189 </sub>isoform mRNA expression increased in later ARDS (p < 0.05). The ratio of soluble to cell-associated isoforms was lower in early ARDS than normal subjects and later ARDS and also in murine lung injury. ATII cells constitutionally produced VEGF<sub>165 </sub>and VEGF<sub>121 </sub>protein which was increased by LPS (p < 0.05). VEGF<sub>165 </sub>upregulated ATII cell proliferation (p < 0.001) that was inhibited by soluble VEGF receptor 1 (<it>sflt</it>) (p < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>These data demonstrate that changes in VEGF isoform expression occur in ARDS which may be related to their production by and mitogenic effect on ATII cells; with potentially significant clinical consequences.</p

    Central venous catheter use in severe malaria: time to reconsider the World Health Organization guidelines?

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To optimize the fluid status of adult patients with severe malaria, World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines recommend the insertion of a central venous catheter (CVC) and a target central venous pressure (CVP) of 0-5 cmH<sub>2</sub>O. However there are few data from clinical trials to support this recommendation.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Twenty-eight adult Indian and Bangladeshi patients admitted to the intensive care unit with severe <it>falciparum </it>malaria were enrolled in the study. All patients had a CVC inserted and had regular CVP measurements recorded. The CVP measurements were compared with markers of disease severity, clinical endpoints and volumetric measures derived from transpulmonary thermodilution.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>There was no correlation between the admission CVP and patient outcome (p = 0.67) or disease severity (p = 0.33). There was no correlation between the baseline CVP and the concomitant extravascular lung water (p = 0.62), global end diastolic volume (p = 0.88) or cardiac index (p = 0.44). There was no correlation between the baseline CVP and the likelihood of a patient being fluid responsive (p = 0.37). On the occasions when the CVP was in the WHO target range patients were usually hypovolaemic and often had pulmonary oedema by volumetric measures. Seven of 28 patients suffered a complication of the CVC insertion, although none were fatal.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The WHO recommendation for the routine insertion of a CVC, and the maintenance of a CVP of 0-5 cmH<sub>2</sub>O in adults with severe malaria, should be reconsidered.</p

    Reconstruction automatique de formulaires d’enquĂȘte mĂ©dicale sur la culture de sĂ©curitĂ© des patients par une mĂ©thode de factorisation matricielle bayĂ©sienne

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    International audienceCertaines enquĂȘtes de santĂ© publique souffrent d’un problĂšme d’acceptabilitĂ© auprĂšs des personnes interrogĂ©es, en particulier Ă  cause de la longueur des questionnaires. Pour aborder ce problĂšme, nous proposons de rĂ©duire dĂ©libĂ©rĂ©ment les questionnaires en les individualisant de maniĂšre randomisĂ©e. Afin de complĂ©ter automatiquement les questionnaires incomplets gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par cette procĂ©dure, nous considĂ©rons un modĂšle de factorisation matricielle bayĂ©sienne. Pour estimer les paramĂštres de ce modĂšle, nous proposons un algorithme combinant un Ă©chantillonneur de Gibbs et une approche variationnelle. En utilisant les rĂ©sultats d’une enquĂȘte portant sur la culture de sĂ©curitĂ© des patients rĂ©alisĂ©e au centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble auprĂšs de 3888 travailleurs mĂ©dicaux, nous comparons les performances de notre mĂ©thode Ă  plusieurs approches classiques en santĂ© publique, Ă  la mĂ©thode des forĂȘts alĂ©atoires, ainsi qu’à trois autres mĂ©thodes de factorisation matricielle. L’erreur de reconstruction de notre algorithme est infĂ©rieure Ă  celle des autres algorithmes lorsque la proportion d’items supprimĂ©s est supĂ©rieure Ă  40%. Lorsque la proportion d’items supprimĂ©s est moins Ă©levĂ©e, les histogrammes des lois marginales sont reconstruits de maniĂšre satisfaisante. Pour ce second critĂšre, la mĂ©thode des forĂȘts alĂ©atoires est la plus performante. En gĂ©nĂ©ral, nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que des enquĂȘtes mĂ©dicales similaires Ă  celle rĂ©alisĂ©e pour cet article pourraient rĂ©duire substantiellement le nombre de questions posĂ©es Ă  chaque travailleur avec une perte d’information limitĂ©e pour l’interprĂ©tation des rĂ©sultats

    Reconstruction automatique de formulaires d’enquĂȘte mĂ©dicale sur la culture de sĂ©curitĂ© des patients par une mĂ©thode de factorisation matricielle bayĂ©sienne

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    International audienceCertaines enquĂȘtes de santĂ© publique souffrent d’un problĂšme d’acceptabilitĂ© auprĂšs des personnes interrogĂ©es, en particulier Ă  cause de la longueur des questionnaires. Pour aborder ce problĂšme, nous proposons de rĂ©duire dĂ©libĂ©rĂ©ment les questionnaires en les individualisant de maniĂšre randomisĂ©e. Afin de complĂ©ter automatiquement les questionnaires incomplets gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par cette procĂ©dure, nous considĂ©rons un modĂšle de factorisation matricielle bayĂ©sienne. Pour estimer les paramĂštres de ce modĂšle, nous proposons un algorithme combinant un Ă©chantillonneur de Gibbs et une approche variationnelle. En utilisant les rĂ©sultats d’une enquĂȘte portant sur la culture de sĂ©curitĂ© des patients rĂ©alisĂ©e au centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble auprĂšs de 3888 travailleurs mĂ©dicaux, nous comparons les performances de notre mĂ©thode Ă  plusieurs approches classiques en santĂ© publique, Ă  la mĂ©thode des forĂȘts alĂ©atoires, ainsi qu’à trois autres mĂ©thodes de factorisation matricielle. L’erreur de reconstruction de notre algorithme est infĂ©rieure Ă  celle des autres algorithmes lorsque la proportion d’items supprimĂ©s est supĂ©rieure Ă  40%. Lorsque la proportion d’items supprimĂ©s est moins Ă©levĂ©e, les histogrammes des lois marginales sont reconstruits de maniĂšre satisfaisante. Pour ce second critĂšre, la mĂ©thode des forĂȘts alĂ©atoires est la plus performante. En gĂ©nĂ©ral, nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que des enquĂȘtes mĂ©dicales similaires Ă  celle rĂ©alisĂ©e pour cet article pourraient rĂ©duire substantiellement le nombre de questions posĂ©es Ă  chaque travailleur avec une perte d’information limitĂ©e pour l’interprĂ©tation des rĂ©sultats

    Reconstruction automatique de formulaires d’enquĂȘte mĂ©dicale sur la culture de sĂ©curitĂ© des patients par une mĂ©thode de factorisation matricielle bayĂ©sienne

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    International audienceCertaines enquĂȘtes de santĂ© publique souffrent d’un problĂšme d’acceptabilitĂ© auprĂšs des personnes interrogĂ©es, en particulier Ă  cause de la longueur des questionnaires. Pour aborder ce problĂšme, nous proposons de rĂ©duire dĂ©libĂ©rĂ©ment les questionnaires en les individualisant de maniĂšre randomisĂ©e. Afin de complĂ©ter automatiquement les questionnaires incomplets gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par cette procĂ©dure, nous considĂ©rons un modĂšle de factorisation matricielle bayĂ©sienne. Pour estimer les paramĂštres de ce modĂšle, nous proposons un algorithme combinant un Ă©chantillonneur de Gibbs et une approche variationnelle. En utilisant les rĂ©sultats d’une enquĂȘte portant sur la culture de sĂ©curitĂ© des patients rĂ©alisĂ©e au centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble auprĂšs de 3888 travailleurs mĂ©dicaux, nous comparons les performances de notre mĂ©thode Ă  plusieurs approches classiques en santĂ© publique, Ă  la mĂ©thode des forĂȘts alĂ©atoires, ainsi qu’à trois autres mĂ©thodes de factorisation matricielle. L’erreur de reconstruction de notre algorithme est infĂ©rieure Ă  celle des autres algorithmes lorsque la proportion d’items supprimĂ©s est supĂ©rieure Ă  40%. Lorsque la proportion d’items supprimĂ©s est moins Ă©levĂ©e, les histogrammes des lois marginales sont reconstruits de maniĂšre satisfaisante. Pour ce second critĂšre, la mĂ©thode des forĂȘts alĂ©atoires est la plus performante. En gĂ©nĂ©ral, nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que des enquĂȘtes mĂ©dicales similaires Ă  celle rĂ©alisĂ©e pour cet article pourraient rĂ©duire substantiellement le nombre de questions posĂ©es Ă  chaque travailleur avec une perte d’information limitĂ©e pour l’interprĂ©tation des rĂ©sultats

    Looking at hospitalized persons throughout the prism of the handicap

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    International audienceOBJECTIVE:To describe the disability status of non-selected hospitalized persons.METHODS AND FINDINGS:We conducted a cross-sectional survey to assess activity limitations of every person older than 18 years hospitalized in a regional university hospital covering all medical fields. Evaluators rated, on a scale from 0 to 4, 22 selected items of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF), covering the 6 following domains: learning and applying knowledge, general tasks and demands, communication, mobility, self-care, and interpersonal interactions and relationships. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to analyze the prevalence, severity and profile of the handicap in terms of sociodemographic characteristics and care pathways.RESULTS:Among 1572 eligible persons, 1267 (81%) were surveyed (mean age 62.7±20.4years; 655 males [51.7%]). Overall, 82% showed at least one activity limitation. For 52%, disability was severe or total for at least one ICF item. Prevalence of disabilities was higher for mobility (75%) and self-care domains (63%). Disability was strongly related to age: age older than 80years versus 18 to 44years (OR=12.8 95% CI 6.4-27.9]; P<0.01). Disability was associated with hospitalization in rehabilitation units (96%; OR=4.3 [95% CI 2.2-5.3]; P<0.01). Severe disability was associated with hospitalization in critical care units (OR=6.7 [CI 3.2-15.1]; P<0.001) and psychiatry units (OR=5.3 [CI 2.7-11.4]; P<0.001).CONCLUSION:Handicap was common in hospitalized persons, involving all 6 tested ICF activity domains, particularly mobility and self-care. This study alerts care givers, hospital administrators, and in general, people influencing health policies about the need to plan actions to reduce activity limitations of hospitalized persons, whatever the cause of the hospitalization

    Reconstruction automatique de formulaires d’enquĂȘte mĂ©dicale sur la culture de sĂ©curitĂ© des patients par une mĂ©thode de factorisation matricielle bayĂ©sienne

    No full text
    International audienceCertaines enquĂȘtes de santĂ© publique souffrent d’un problĂšme d’acceptabilitĂ© auprĂšs des personnes interrogĂ©es, en particulier Ă  cause de la longueur des questionnaires. Pour aborder ce problĂšme, nous proposons de rĂ©duire dĂ©libĂ©rĂ©ment les questionnaires en les individualisant de maniĂšre randomisĂ©e. Afin de complĂ©ter automatiquement les questionnaires incomplets gĂ©nĂ©rĂ©s par cette procĂ©dure, nous considĂ©rons un modĂšle de factorisation matricielle bayĂ©sienne. Pour estimer les paramĂštres de ce modĂšle, nous proposons un algorithme combinant un Ă©chantillonneur de Gibbs et une approche variationnelle. En utilisant les rĂ©sultats d’une enquĂȘte portant sur la culture de sĂ©curitĂ© des patients rĂ©alisĂ©e au centre hospitalier universitaire de Grenoble auprĂšs de 3888 travailleurs mĂ©dicaux, nous comparons les performances de notre mĂ©thode Ă  plusieurs approches classiques en santĂ© publique, Ă  la mĂ©thode des forĂȘts alĂ©atoires, ainsi qu’à trois autres mĂ©thodes de factorisation matricielle. L’erreur de reconstruction de notre algorithme est infĂ©rieure Ă  celle des autres algorithmes lorsque la proportion d’items supprimĂ©s est supĂ©rieure Ă  40%. Lorsque la proportion d’items supprimĂ©s est moins Ă©levĂ©e, les histogrammes des lois marginales sont reconstruits de maniĂšre satisfaisante. Pour ce second critĂšre, la mĂ©thode des forĂȘts alĂ©atoires est la plus performante. En gĂ©nĂ©ral, nos rĂ©sultats suggĂšrent que des enquĂȘtes mĂ©dicales similaires Ă  celle rĂ©alisĂ©e pour cet article pourraient rĂ©duire substantiellement le nombre de questions posĂ©es Ă  chaque travailleur avec une perte d’information limitĂ©e pour l’interprĂ©tation des rĂ©sultats

    Intra-patient potassium variability after hypothermic cardiac arrest: a multicentre, prospective study.

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    To date, the decision to set up therapeutic extra-corporeal life support (ECLS) in hypothermia-related cardiac arrest is based on the potassium value only. However, no information is available about how the analysis should be performed. Our goal was to compare intra-individual variation in serum potassium values depending on the sampling site and analytical technique in hypothermia-related cardiac arrests. Adult patients with suspected hypothermia-related refractory cardiac arrest, admitted to three hospitals with ECLS facilities were included. Blood samples were obtained from the femoral vein, a peripheral vein and the femoral artery. Serum potassium was analysed using blood gas (BGA) and clinical laboratory analysis (CL). Of the 15 consecutive patients included, 12 met the principal criteria, and 5 (33%) survived. The difference in average potassium values between sites or analytical method used was ≀1 mmol/L. The agreement between potassium values according to the three different sampling sites was poor. The ranges of the differences in potassium using BGA measurement were - 1.6 to + 1.7 mmol/L; - 1.18 to + 2.7 mmol/L and - 0.87 to + 2 mmol/L when comparing respectively central venous and peripheral venous, central venous and arterial, and peripheral venous and arterial potassium. We found important and clinically relevant variability in potassium values between sampling sites. Clinical decisions should not rely on one biological indicator. However, according to our results, the site of lowest potassium, and therefore the preferred site for a single potassium sampling is central venous blood. The use of multivariable prediction tools may help to mitigate the risks inherent in the limits of potassium measurement. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03096561
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