Economics and Industry

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67329/2/10.1177_000271625429600143.pd

National images and international systems

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67232/2/10.1177_002200275900300204.pd

THE PARSONIAN APPROACH TO ECONOMICS 1

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73030/1/j.1467-6435.1957.tb00241.x.pd

MITCHELL, WESLEY C. What Happens During Business Cycles: A Progress Report. Pp, xxxi, 386. New York: National Bureau of Economic Research, 1951. $5.00

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67261/2/10.1177_000271625127800146.pd

Theoretical systems and political realities: a review of Morton A. Kaplan, System and process in international politics

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/68213/2/10.1177_002200275800200405.pd

On Resilient Behaviors in Computational Systems and Environments

The present article introduces a reference framework for discussing resilience of computational systems. Rather than a property that may or may not be exhibited by a system, resilience is interpreted here as the emerging result of a dynamic process. Said process represents the dynamic interplay between the behaviors exercised by a system and those of the environment it is set to operate in. As a result of this interpretation, coherent definitions of several aspects of resilience can be derived and proposed, including elasticity, change tolerance, and antifragility. Definitions are also provided for measures of the risk of unresilience as well as for the optimal match of a given resilient design with respect to the current environmental conditions. Finally, a resilience strategy based on our model is exemplified through a simple scenario.Comment: The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40860-015-0002-6 The paper considerably extends the results of two conference papers that are available at http://ow.ly/KWfkj and http://ow.ly/KWfgO. Text and formalism in those papers has been used or adapted in the herewith submitted pape

The dark side of biomass valorization: A laboratory experiment to understand humins formation, catalysis and green chemistry

This laboratory experiment introduces students to an important reaction in biomass valorization and allows them to gain a practical understanding of green chemistry. Acid-catalyzed dehydration reactions of fructose to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and thus humins were performed both with and without aqueous solvent, along with two different catalysts (Amberlyst-15 and alumina). Students were able to compare and analyze the effects of these different conditions using thin-layer chromatography, while grasping concepts of catalysis and circular economy. By observing the formation of humins under some of the reactions tested, the students could evidence systems thinking in humin valorization