Le dessaisissement et la récusation

peer reviewe

La prise à partie

peer reviewe

La garantie et la responsabilité en matière de dommages causés par les produits

peer reviewe

Chronique de législation - Droit privé belge (1er juillet 2000 - 31 décembre 2000) : IX. - Droit judiciaire privé et arbitrage

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Le jugement par défaut en procédure civile

Note d'observations sous C.A. 1er mars 2006info:eu-repo/semantics/publishe

Remediation of metal-contaminated mine tailings by the application of organic and mineral amendments

Purpose Tailings are generally characterized by severe physicochemical conditions that limit the establishment of vegetation. The present study aimed to select suitable combinations of organo-mineral amendments to improve the physicochemical, biochemical, and biological properties of spolic technosols, highly contaminated with metals. Materials and methods Several substrates were prepared by mixing mine tailings (MT) of an abandoned mining area with non-contaminated agricultural soil (anthrosol), green waste compost, lime, and rock phosphate at different rates: S1 - 50% of MT + 50% of agricultural soil; S2 - S1 + 3% of lime (CaCO3); S3 - S1 + 6% of rock phosphate; S4 - S1 + 10% of compost; S5 - S1 + 10% of compost + 3% of lime; S6 - S1 + 10% of compost + 6% of rock phosphate. Untreated MT and agricultural soil were analyzed immediately, and 8 months after incorporating the amendments. Results and discussion Heterotrophic microorganisms were not recovered from untreated MT due to the highly acidic pH and available metal concentrations. However, the addition of organo-mineral amendments ameliorated the tailings' characteristics by increasing pH, conductivity, total organic carbon, and available P levels. Moreover, after 8 months, heterotrophic microorganisms were recovered from those substrates and dehydrogenase activity was enhanced. The incorporation of agricultural soil and green waste compost mixed either with lime (S5) or rock phosphate (S6) was the most effective treatment. Conclusions Both S5 and S6 mixtures successfully reduced the environmental risk posed by tailings, suggesting the potential use of these amendments for the remediation of pyrite mines.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Physical, chemical, and microbiological characterization of Kettara Mine Tailings, Morocco

The mining industry is of major importance to Morocco’s economy. However, the abandoned pyritic mines are a source of potentially toxic elements that can cause the disruption of the surrounding ecosystems, constituting a huge threat to wellbeing and human health. The present study aimed to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of different types of tailings and to investigate the microbial populations of acidophilic bacteria involved in the oxidation of pyrite. Coarse and fine tailings collected from different zones of the mine (dike and pond) at two different depths (oxidized and non-oxidized residues) were analyzed for their pH, electrical conductivity, total organic carbon, total nitrogen, available P, major elements, and pseudo-total metal concentrations. The abundance of acidophilic bacteria was determined, and some acidophilic bacterial strains were isolated and tested for their metal tolerance. Tailings showed a pH ≈ 2, very low nutritional content, and high concentrations of Cu, As, Zn, and Pb, which were higher in the non-oxidized samples. The microbial counts of iron- and sulfur-oxidizing bacteria were higher than heterotrophic bacteria, with the highest numbers detected in the oxidized fine tailings. The five acidophilic bacteria isolated from the tailings were affiliated to genera Alicyclobacillus and Sulfobacillus, commonly found in this kind of environment.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Synergistic effect of organo-mineral amendments and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the establishment of vegetation cover and amelioration of mine tailings

Mine tailings pose a huge hazard for environmental and human health, and the establishment of vegetation cover is crucial to reduce pollutant dispersion for the surroundings. However, their hostile physicochemical conditions hamper plant growth, compromising phytoremediation strategies. This study aims to investigate the role of organo-mineral amendments and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the improvement of mine tailings properties and Lolium perenne L. (ryegrass) growth. Plants were grown in mine tailings mixed with an agricultural soil (1:1), 10% compost, and supplied with two different inorganic amendments – rock phosphate (6%) or lime (3%), and inoculated with the rhizobacterial strains Advenella kashmirensis BKM20 (B1) and Mesorhizobium tamadayense BKM04 (B2). The application of organo-mineral amendments ameliorated tailings characteristics, which fostered plant growth and further enhanced soil fertility and microbial activity. These findings were consistent with the increase of total organic carbon levels, with the higher numbers of heterotrophic and phosphate solubilizing bacteria, and higher dehydrogenase and urease activities, found in these substrates after plant establishment. Plant growth was further boosted by PGPR inoculation, most noticeable by co-inoculation of both strains. Moreover, inoculated plants showed increased activities for several antioxidant enzymes (catalase, peroxidase, polyphenoloxidase, and glutathione reductase) which indicate a reinforced antioxidant system. The application of agricultural soil, compost and lime associated with the inoculation of a mixture of PGPR proved to enhance the establishment of vegetation cover, thus promoting the stabilization of Kettara mine tailings. Nonetheless, further studies are needed in order to confirm its effectiveness under field conditions.info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Analyse de la première expérience de reconversion collective vers l'irrigation localisée: cas du secteur pilote de Tadla

At the heart of Sebou basin, the Saïss plain contains two superimposed and inter-communicating aquifers. These aquifers play a significant role in the socio-economic development of the region through the satisfaction of drinking water and irrigation needs. From the 80’s and with the advent of drought, this groundwater has experienced strong over-exploitation, resulting in an annual deficit of 100 million m3. This issue caught the interest of the scientific community, thus producing a large mass of dispersed and heterogeneous data which need to be integrated into a single data warehouse. Exploring of this warehouse has allowed us to assess the development of Saïss groundwater resources through maps showing the location of water points and graphic drawing up the spatial and temporal evolution of piezometry and water sources flows. Certainly, the integration of spatial and temporal data in one data warehouse, to analyze and exploit them is considered a milestone in the process of a decision support system construction. However, it still faces several constraints and limitations such as uncertainty in the various stages of the integration process. Keywords: Saïss, two aquifers, deficit, inter-communicating, integration, warehouse, uncertainties.Au cœur du bassin du Sebou, la plaine du Saïss renferme un système aquifère composé de deux nappes superposées et inter-communicants, jouant un rôle considérable dans le développement socio-économique de la région, à travers la satisfaction des besoins en eau potable et d’irrigation. A partir des années 80 et avec l’avènement de la sécheresse, cette nappe a connu une forte surexploitation, se traduisant par un bilan annuel déficitaire de 100 Mm3. Cette problématique a suscité l’intérêt de la communauté scientifique,produisant ainsi une importante masse de données hétérogènes et dispersées, qu’il fallait intégrer dans un seul entrepôt de données. L’exploitation de cet entrepôt nous a permis d’évaluer l’évolution des ressources en eau souterraines du Saïss par le biais d’une cartographie indiquant la localisation des points d’eau et des sources, et des graphiques dressant l’évolution spatiale et temporelle de la piézométrie des nappes et des débits de sources. Certes, l’intégration des données spatio-temporelles dans un seul entrepôt de données afin de les exploiter et les analyser est considérée comme étant une étape primordiale dans le processus de construction d’un système d’aide à la décision. Toutefois, elle reste confrontée à plusieurs contraintes et limites telles que l’incertitude dans les différentes étapes du processus d’intégration. Mots clés: Saïss, système aquifère, déficit, inter-communicants, intégration, entrepôt, incertitude

Trace and major element contents, microbial communities, and enzymatic activities of urban soils of Marrakech city along an anthropization gradient

Due to their close proximity with the population, urban soils are extensively affected by human activities that release considerable technogenic inputs resulting in an overall soil degradation and leading to an increase of water-extractable fraction of trace elements. This work aimed to determine the influence of anthropization on trace and major element concentrations and to assess how it might also affect soil biochemical and microbiological parameters in an urban area of Marrakech city, Morocco.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio