VARIETY OF PHYSICOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF RAW MILK IN EL-GHARB REGION OF MOROCCO: THE RELATION BETWEEN COMPOSITION AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS

Starting from January 2015 until December 2016, a daily monitoring of the production of milk at three farms in the region of Gharb in Morocco, the climatic and rainfall data were taking into consideration to evaluate their effect on the physicochemical composition, the aim behind this study is to highlight the variability of the characteristics of raw milk by the seasonal climatic change, and to statistically analyze these variabilities in relation with seasons and the production conditions. The selected farms are known for their mastery of farming techniques, equipped with the new means of livestock health control. The livestock is 165 milk cows from two breed (Prim' holstein and montbeliard). The samples were collected from the farms. One litre bulk of milk were made by mixing the morning and the evening milk and stored at 5C until the measurement. The cows were milked by hand in milking boxes during feeding

Geometry effect of irrigation storage basin on particles removal efficiency: A computational fluid dynamics study

Drip irrigation requires the use of high quality water to avoid emitters clogging and the wear of hydraulic pumps and sand filters. Investing in an irrigation storage basin is not only beneficial to meet crop water requirements but also to remove naturally suspended solids by sedimentation. However, the design and sizing of an irrigation storage basin is usually based only on irrigation water needs and plant area without taking into consideration that the shape and size of the basin can also have an effect on the removal efficiency. Moreover, storage volume can be achieved by different combinations of length, width and depth. The present paper studies the effect of irrigation storage basin geometry on its performance in settling down suspended sediments. The methodology adopted in this study is based on the computational fluid dynamics using ANSYS Fluent. Specific experimental results taken from the literature are used to confirm the reliability of the numerical simulations to describe the flow field. First, a parametric study is executed in order to identify the effect of each basin dimensions. Then, trap efficiency is calculated for twenty basins having the same capacity of storage and different geometries in order to select the optimal dimensions. Results show that the removal efficiency is very sensitive to basin size, especially to its depth and length. Nevertheless, for a specific capacity of storage, two different dimensionless parameters can be used to select the optimal size: the length to depth ratio and the length to width ratio. In cases, where the depth value is required due to soil type or land surface, the second ratio can be used