Global solar radiation estimation on a horizontal and a tilted plane in Agadir city, Morocco

In this paper, we propose the modeling and simulation of the incident solar radiation on a horizontal and an inclined plane in the city of Agadir. For this concern, we adopt the clear sky model proposed by Kasten, which takes into account some aspects of the atmospheric turbidity into consideration in order to estimate the incidental solar radiation on a horizontal plane. In addition we determine the incident solar radiation on an inclined plane from the global horizontal radiation. To validate the chosenmodel, we compare the simulated values of the solar radiation with the experimental measurements given by our CRX10 Campbell meteorological station installed in the location of this study

Comparison of MPPT techniques: “P&O” and “InCd” for PV systems

The energy utilization efficiency of the photovoltaic can be significantly improved by employing the MPPT (Maximum power point trackers) method. The MPPT is one of the key technologies in photovoltaic generation system;it allows extraction of maximum available power from the photovoltaic (PV) array.The maximum available power is tracked using specialized algorithms such as Perturb and Observe (P&O), and Incremental Conductance (InCd), which are widely applied in the MPPTcontroller due to their simplicity and easy implementation. This paper presents a detailed comparison of their theories and their simulations under the Matlab / Simulink environment. The obtained results show that the use of MPPT control improves in a considerable way the performance of PV systems

Blood lead, cadmium and mercury among children from urban, industrial and rural areas of Fez Boulemane Region (Morocco): Relevant factors and early renal effects

Objectives: To describe blood lead (Pb-B), cadmium (Cd-B) and mercury (Hg-B) levels in children living in urban, industrial and rural areas in Fez city (north of Morocco) and to identify the determinants and some renal effects of exposure. Material and Methods: The study was conducted from June 2007 to January 2008 in 209 school children (113 girls, 96 boys), aged 6-12 years, from urban, industrial and rural areas in Fez city. Interview and questionnaires data were obtained. Blood and urinary samples were analyzed. Results: The mean of blood lead levels (Pb-B) in our population was 55.53 μg/l (range: 7.5-231.1 μg/l). Children from the urban area had higher blood lead levels (BLLs) mean (82.36 μg/l) than children from industrial and rural areas (48.23 and 35.99 μg/l, respectively); with no significant difference between boys and girls. BLLs were associated with traffic intensity, passive smoking and infancy in the urban area. The mean of blood cadmium levels (BCLs) was 0.22 μg/l (range: 0.06-0.68 μg/l), with no difference between various areas. Rural boys had higher BCLs mean than rural girls, but no gender influence was noticed in the other areas. BCLs were associated with the number of cigarettes smoked at children's homes. The blood mercury levels (BMLs) mean was 0.49 μg/l (range: 0.01-5.31 μg/l). The BMLs mean was higher in urban and industrial areas than in the rural area with no gender-related difference. BMLs were associated with amalgam fillings and infancy in the urban area. About 8% of the children had BLLs ≥ 100 μg/l particularly in the urban area, microalbuminuria and a decrease in height were noticed in girls from the inner city of Fez and that can be related to high BLLs (89.45 μg/l). Conclusions: There is a need to control and regulate potential sources of contamination by these trace elements in children; particularly for lead

Effect of Ferromagnetic Material on the Reduction of Parasitic Emission in Near Field

International audienceIn this article the results of measurement in near-field concerning a 16-bit microcontroller from Freescale are reported, with and without a film of ferromagnetic material (Permalloy) plated against the surface of its package. This material improves near-field electromagnetic compatibility performances by reducing, in good proportion, the parasitic emission