Longitudinal spin Seebeck coefficient: heat flux vs. temperature difference method

The determination of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) coefficient is currently plagued by a large uncertainty due to the poor reproducibility of the experimental conditions used in its measurement. In this work we present a detailed analysis of two different methods used for the determination of the LSSE coefficient. We have performed LSSE experiments in different laboratories, by using different setups and employing both the temperature difference method and the heat flux method. We found that the lack of reproducibility can be mainly attributed to the thermal contact resistance between the sample and the thermal baths which generate the temperature gradient. Due to the variation of the thermal resistance, we found that the scaling of the LSSE voltage to the heat flux through the sample rather than to the temperature difference across the sample greatly reduces the uncertainty. The characteristics of a single YIG/Pt LSSE device obtained with two different setups was $(1.143\pm0.007)\cdot 10^{-7}$ Vm/W and $(1.101\pm0.015)\cdot 10^{-7}$ Vm/W with the heat flux method and $(2.313\pm0.017)\cdot 10^{-7}$ V/K and $(4.956\pm0.005)\cdot 10^{-7}$ V/K with the temperature difference method. This shows that systematic errors can be considerably reduced with the heat flux method.Comment: PDFLaTeX, 10 pages, 6 figure

Thermal spin transport phenomena and magnetic proximity effect in Pt/ferromagnet bilayer systems. Spintronics and spin caloritronics

Bougiatioti P. Thermal spin transport phenomena and magnetic proximity effect in Pt/ferromagnet bilayer systems. Spintronics and spin caloritronics. Bielefeld: Universität Bielefeld; 2019

Static Magnetic Proximity Effect in Pt Layers on Sputter-Deposited NiFe2O4 and on Fe of Various Thicknesses Investigated by XRMR

The longitudinal spin Seebeck effect is detected in sputter-deposited NiFe2O4 films using Pt as a spin detector and compared to previously investigated NiFe2O4 films prepared by chemical vapor deposition. Anomalous Nernst effects induced by the magnetic proximity effect in Pt can be excluded for the sputter-deposited NiFe2O4 films down to a certain limit, since x-ray resonant magnetic reflectivity measurements show no magnetic response down to a limit of 0.04 {\mu}B per Pt atom comparable to the case of the chemicallydeposited NiFe2O4 films. These differently prepared films have various thicknesses. Therefore, we further studied Pt/Fe reference samples with various Fe thicknesses and could confirm that the magnetic proximity effect is only induced by the interface properties of the magnetic material.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

A new method to retrieve the real part of the equivalent refractive index of atmospheric aerosols

This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of the following article: S. Vratolis, et al, ‘A new method to retrieve the real part of the equivalent refractive index of atmospheric aerosols’, Journal of Aerosol Science, Vol. 117: 54-62, March 2018. Under embargo until 29 December 2019. The final, published version is available online at DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaerosci.2017.12.013.In the context of the international experimental campaign Hygroscopic Aerosols to Cloud Droplets (HygrA-CD, 15 May to 22 June 2014), dry aerosol size distributions were measured at Demokritos station (DEM) using a Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer (SMPS) in the size range from 10 to 550 nm (electrical mobility diameter), and an Optical Particle Counter (OPC model Grimm 107 operating at the laser wavelength of 660 nm) to acquire the particle size distribution in the size range of 250 nm to 2.5 μm optical diameter. This work describes a method that was developed to align size distributions in the overlapping range of the SMPS and the OPC, thus allowing us to retrieve the real part of the aerosol equivalent refractive index (ERI). The objective is to show that size distribution data acquired at in situ measurement stations can provide an insight to the physical and chemical properties of aerosol particles, leading to better understanding of aerosol impact on human health and earth radiative balance. The resulting ERI could be used in radiative transfer models to assess aerosol forcing direct effect, as well as an index of aerosol chemical composition. To validate the method, a series of calibration experiments were performed using compounds with known refractive index (RI). This led to a corrected version of the ERI values, (ERICOR). The ERICOR values were subsequently compared to model estimates of RI values, based on measured PM2.5 chemical composition, and to aerosol RI retrieved values by inverted lidar measurements on selected days.Peer reviewe

Size-resolved CCN distributions and activation kinetics of aged continental and marine aerosol

We present size-segregated measurements of cloud condensation nucleus (CCN) activity of aged aerosol sampled at Finokalia, Crete, during the Finokalia Aerosol Measurement Experiment of summer 2007 (FAME07). From analysis of the data, hygroscopicity and activation kinetics distributions are derived. The CCN are found to be highly hygroscopic, (expressed by a size- and time- averaged hygroscopicity parameter κ ∼ 0.22), with the majority of particles activating at ~0.5–0.6 % supersaturation. Air masses originating from Central-Eastern Europe tend to be associated with higher CCN concentrations and slightly lower hygroscopicity (κ ∼ 0.18) than for other airmass types. The particles were always well mixed, as reflected by the high activation ratios and narrow hygroscopicity distribution widths. Smaller particles (~40 nm) were found to be more hygroscopic (~0.1κ units higher) than the larger ones (~100 nm). The particles with diameters less than 80 nm exhibited a diurnal hygroscopicity cycle (with κ peaking at ~14 h local time), consistent with photochemical aging and volatilization of less hygroscopic material from the aerosol. Use of bulk chemical composition and the aerosol number distribution results in excellent CCN closure when applying Köhler theory in its simplest form. Using asymptotic and threshold droplet growth analysis, the "aged" organics present in the aerosol were found not to suppress or delay the water uptake kinetics of particles in this environment

Longitudinal spin Seebeck coefficient: heat flux vs. temperature difference method

Sola A, Bougiatioti P, Kuepferling M, et al. Longitudinal spin Seebeck coefficient: heat flux vs. temperature difference method. Scientific Reports. 2017;7(1): 46752.The determination of the longitudinal spin Seebeck effect (LSSE) coefficient is currently plagued by a large uncertainty due to the poor reproducibility of the experimental conditions used in its measurement. In this work we present a detailed analysis of two different methods used for the determination of the LSSE coefficient. We have performed LSSE experiments in different laboratories, by using different setups and employing both the temperature difference method and the heat flux method. We found that the lack of reproducibility can be mainly attributed to the thermal contact resistance between the sample and the thermal baths which generate the temperature gradient. Due to the variation of the thermal resistance, we found that the scaling of the LSSE voltage to the heat flux through the sample rather than to the temperature difference across the sample greatly reduces the uncertainty. The characteristics of a single YIG/Pt LSSE device obtained with two different setups was (1.143 ± 0.007) 10^−7 Vm/W and (1.101 ± 0.015) 10^−7 Vm/W with the heat flux method and (2.313 ± 0.017) 10^−7 V/K and (4.956 ± 0.005) 10^−7 V/K with the temperature difference method. This shows that systematic errors can be considerably reduced with the heat flux method