27 research outputs found
Evaluation of CAY-1, an Experimental, Natural Fungicide, For Control of Strawberry Pathogens
CAY-1 is an experimental, natural product being tested as a potential fungicide. This saponin isolated from Capsicum frutescens interacts with membrane sterols causing leakage of cell components and ultimately cell death in a variety of fungi. CAY-1 and the commercial fungicide captan were tested in an in vitro doseresponse dilution-broth assay. They caused at least 85% growth inhibition of the fungal pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C fragariae and C. gloeosporioides when tested at 3.0 μM. Even though CAY-1 strongly reduced the growth of these fungal pathogens in laboratory assays and prevented anthracnose development in detached leaf assays, it did not control foliar or fruit rot diseases of strawberry in field trials
Ponderomotive effects in multiphoton pair production
The Dirac-Heisenberg-Wigner formalism is employed to investigate
electron-positron pair production in cylindrically symmetric but otherwise
spatially inhomogeneous, oscillating electric fields. The oscillation
frequencies are hereby tuned to obtain multiphoton pair production in the
nonperturbative threshold regime. An effective mass as well as a
trajectory-based semi-classical analysis are introduced in order to interpret
the numerical results for the distribution functions as well as for the
particle yields and spectra. The results, including the asymptotic particle
spectra, display clear signatures of ponderomotive forces.Comment: 9 pages, 3 Tables, 3 Figure
Rice Flour and Bran Enriched with Blueberry Polyphenols Increases Storage Stability and Decreases Arsenic Content in Bran
A low-cost method utilizing rice co-products to concentrate and stabilize blueberry polyphenols was developed that decreased the arsenic (As) content in rice bran. After concentration at 10 g/L, brown rice flour displayed a higher total anthocyanin content in both blueberry juice (2.7 mg/g) and pomace extract (2.6 mg/g) when compared to white rice flour. Defatted rice bran enriched with blueberry juice (10 g/L) had the highest concentration of polyphenols (16.0 mg/g), and defatted bran enriched with pomace extract had the highest concentration of anthocyanins (5.32 mg/g). Enriched rice flour and bran contained higher levels of anthocyanins when using pomace extracts. Polyphenols and anthocyanins were found to be highly stable at 37 °C in rice flour and bran samples combined with pomace extract. Polyphenol enrichment also produced lower total and inorganic arsenic (i-As) levels in defatted rice bran. Inorganic arsenic (i-As) concentrations in defatted rice bran enriched with blueberry juice and pomace extracts were reduced by 20.5% and 51.6%, respectively. Overall, rice flour and bran that are enriched with polyphenols and anthocyanins from blueberry pomace extracts are shelf and color stable, had low sugar content, and represent unique health-promoting food ingredients
EVALUATION OF CAY-1, AN EXPERIMENTAL, NATURAL FUNGICIDE, FOR CONTROL OF STRAWBERRY PATHOGENS
CAY-1 is an experimental, natural product being tested as a potential fungicide. This saponin isolated from Capsicum frutescens interacts with membrane sterols causing leakage of cell components and ultimately cell death in a variety of fungi. CAY-1 and the commercial fungicide captan were tested in an in vitro doseresponse dilution-broth assay. They caused at least 85% growth inhibition of the fungal pathogens Colletotrichum acutatum, C fragariae and C. gloeosporioides when tested at 3.0 μM. Even though CAY-1 strongly reduced the growth of these fungal pathogens in laboratory assays and prevented anthracnose development in detached leaf assays, it did not control foliar or fruit rot diseases of strawberry in field trials
Glycinol enhances osteogenic differentiation and attenuates the effects of age on mesenchymal stem cells
Antidiabetic Potential of Purple and Red Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Bran Extracts
Pigmented
rice contains anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins that
are concentrated in the bran layer. In this study, we determined the
phenolic, flavonoid, anthocyanin, and proanthocyanidin content of
five rice bran (1 brown, 2 red, and 2 purple) extracts. Each bran
extract was evaluated for inhibitory effects on α-amylase and
α-glucosidase activity, two key glucosidases required for starch
digestion in humans. All purple and red bran extracts inhibited α-glucosidase
activity, however only the red rice bran extracts inhibited α-amylase
activity. Additionally, each bran extract was examined for their ability
to stimulate glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, a key function in
glucose homeostasis. Basal glucose uptake was increased between 2.3-
and 2.7-fold by exposure to the red bran extracts, and between 1.9-
and 3.1-fold by exposure to the purple bran extracts. In red rice
bran, the highest enzyme inhibition and glucose uptake was observed
with a proanthocyanidin-enriched fraction. Both IITA red bran and
IAC purple bran increased expression of GLUT1 and GLUT4 mRNA, and
genes encoding insulin-signaling pathway proteins
In vitro activity of CAY-1, a saponin from Capsicum frutescens, against Microsporum and Trichophyton species.
Dermatomycoses are among the world's most common diseases and their incidence has increased over recent years, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. In previous studies, the saponin CAY-1 from cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens), has shown antifungal activities against Candida albicans and Aspergillus spp. We therefore studied the in vitro antifungal activity of CAY-1 against non-germinating conidia and hyphae of clinical isolates of the dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes, T. rubrum, T. tonsurans and Microsporum canis. We used a microdilution method to assess the growth inhibitory activities of CAY-1 against conidia (CLSI document M38-A) and a colorimetric procedure (XTT method) to investigate the metabolic inhibitory activity of CAY-1 against hyphae. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (complete visual growth inhibition) of CAY-1 against non-germinating conidia ranged from 10-20 microg/ml for all dermatophyte isolates included in this investigation. In addition, we found >90% inhibition of hyphal metabolic activity of these same isolates with 10-20 microg/ml of CAY-1. Results indicate that CAY-1 merits further investigation as a potential agent for the treatment of dermatomycoses