Le cas de Scedosporium apiospermum

Date du colloque&nbsp;: 08/12/2009</p

Champignons et mucoviscidose. Lesquels rechercher ? Quel impact ?

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Emerging pathogens – Fungi

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Infections respiratoires fongiques et mucoviscidose : focus sur Scedosporium apiospermum

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Germanistikstudium in Marokko – Probleme und Perspektiven

In many African countries, German Studies has recently come under increasing pressure. In view of the globalization of economic and cultural processes, as well as the wider acceptance of French and English, German Studies finds itself in growing competition. This is also true in Morocco. In this context, as elsewhere, it has become essential to seek alternatives and to become innovative. Thus the traditional DaF (German as a foreign language) also has to redefine its roll. In this paper the author presents a professionally oriented course consisting of three modules: (1) business German, (2) German for tourism, and (3) intercultural communication. In addition, the general conditions under which such modules are to be introduced will be discussed.Keywords: German language and literature studies, German for business, German for tourism, intercultural communicationSchlüsselbegriffe: Germanistikstudium, Wirtschaftsdeutsch, Deutsch für den Tourismus, interkulturelle Kommunikatio

Fungal respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis

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Globalisierung: Ideologie, globales Englisch und kulturelle Differenz

This paper traces the link between three issues in the study of globalization. The first concerns the semantics of globalization. To understand how globalization might affect our lives, we need a form of literacy that transcends simple interpretation to reflection on the social significance of globalization discourse. This paper will also explore the consequences of the dominance of English. We will argue that globalization is a process that may involve a certain amount of homogenization but also always results in linguistic glocalization. Finally, the implications of the forces of globalization for intercultural communication will be investigated. Here three paradigms on cultural difference (cultural differentialism, cultural convergence and hybridization) will be presented and the interconnectedness of the above mentioned issues will be discussed

Modifications de la paroi au cours de la maturation et de la germination des conidies de Scedosporium boydii

Les espèces du complexe Scedosporium apiospermum sont des agents pathogènes émergents qui se situent au deuxième rang parmi les champignons filamenteux rencontrés au cours de la mucoviscidose. Ils sont omniprésents et particulièrement rencontrés dans les zones polluées. En  dépit  de  leur  importance  clinique,  nos  connaissances  sur  leur  biologie  moléculaire  et  leur physiologie restent limitées.  Chez  les  champignons,  la  paroi  constitue  un  bouclier  protecteur  face  à  des  conditions environnementales  défavorables,  et  joue  un  rôle  essentiel  dans  la  pathogénicité.  Ici,  nous avons  étudié  les  changements  dynamiques  de  la  paroi  des  conidies  de  S.  boydii,  l’une  des deux espèces majeures de ce complexe avec S. apiospermum, avec pour objectif d\u27identifier des facteurs de virulence potentiels. En utilisant une large variété de techniques, allant de la microscopie électronique à balayage ou à transmission à l’analyse protéomique des protéines à ancre glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) en passant par la microélectrophorèse et la partition de  phase,  la  cytométrie  en  flux,  la  microscopie  de  force  atomique,  la  résonance paramagnétique  électronique,  ou  encore  des  techniques  moléculaires,  nous  avons  mis  en évidence  diverses  modifications  qui  se  produisent  dans  la  paroi  pendant  la  maturation  et  la germination  des  conidies  de  S.  boydii  et  nous  avons  identifié  la  DHN-mélanine  ainsi  qu\u27un nombre important de protéines à ancre GPI.  Enfin,  nous  avons  fourni  la  première  séquence  complète  du  génome  de  S.  apiospermum  qui appuierait  les  différents  domaines  de  la  recherche  sur  ces  champignons  que  ce  soit  pour l’étude des mécanismes pathogènes ou pour des applications biotechnologiques

Atomic Force Microscopy: A Promising Tool for Deciphering the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Fungi in Cystic Fibrosis

During the past decades, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has emerged as a powerful tool in microbiology. Although most of the works concerned bacteria, AFM also permitted major breakthroughs in the understanding of physiology and pathogenic mechanisms of some fungal species associated with cystic fibrosis. Complementary to electron microscopies, AFM offers unprecedented insights to visualize the cell wall architecture and components through three-dimensional imaging with nanometer resolution and to follow their dynamic changes during cell growth and division or following the exposure to drugs and chemicals. Besides imaging, force spectroscopy with piconewton sensitivity provides a direct means to decipher the forces governing cell-cell and cell-substrate interactions, but also to quantify specific and non-specific interactions between cell surface components at the single-molecule level. This nanotool explores new ways for a better understanding of the structures and functions of the cell surface components and therefore may be useful to elucidate the role of these components in the host-pathogen interactions as well as in the complex interplay between bacteria and fungi in the lung microbiome

Fungal respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis

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