MODELISATION ARCHITECTUROLOGIQUE DES THERMES IMPERIAUX ROMAINS DE TUNISIE

La restitution des édifices de l’antiquité à partir de leurs traces, des vestiges et des récits est le domaine des archéologues et des historiens. Nous proposons ici la reconstruction architecturologique comme méthode complémentaire, qui s’apparente plusà une reconception. Une maquette virtuelle cognitive et coopérative est proposée comme un modèle génératif dynamique et ouvert ; un système de transformation ou système expert, qui mobilise un ensemble de règles d’organisation, de formation et de variation architecturales systématisées par l’analyse ; qui produit des variantes du prototype de l’édifice des thermes impériaux à partir de quelques traces ou vestiges seulement, et de dessiner leur modèle analogique appelé aussi « projet ».Nous analysons unecatégorie de thermes romains de type impérial de Tunisie. Le thermalisme ou la fréquentation des édifices thermaux, est une pratique perpétuée depuis des milliers d’années. Cette pratique s’est développée d’un simple acte de bain en un phénomène socio-économique, culturel et même politique et elle est largement répandue depuis l’antiquité sur les deux rives de la méditerranée. Elle a connu son apogée avec la civilisation romaine où les thermes sont devenus de vrais temples de la vie profane, des édifices exemplaires de cette culture.La méthode consiste à remonter le processus de formation-conception des thermes à partir de leurs modèles analogiques relevés et redessinés forcément incomplets, relatifs à la collection de spécimens connus décrits et représentés par les spécialistes. Chaque modification ou perturbation introduite se répercute sur l’ensemble de l’édifice qui tend à retrouver son équilibre. Les faits avérés, les données établies par les archéologues et les preuves tangibles sontalors déterminants dans la description fine du spécimen modélisé et sa validation.  The restoration of the buildings of antiquity from their traces, remnants and stories is the domain of archaeologists and historians. We propose an architecturological reconstruction as an additional method, which is more of a re-conception. A virtual, cognitive and collaborative model is proposed as a generative, dynamic and open model, as aprocessing system or expert system which involves a set of rules for organizing, training and systematized bythe change in architectural analysis, producing variants of the prototype of the building of Imperial Baths from traces or remains only, and to draw their analog model also known as "project".We analyze a class of imperial Roman baths Type of Tunisia. A hydrotherapy or attendance thermal building is a practice perpetuated for thousands of years. This practice has developed from a simple act of bathing to a socio-economic, cultural and even political phenomenon and it is widely used since antiquity on bothsides of the Mediterranean. It peaked with the Roma civilization where baths have become true temples of secular life.The method is to trace the formation-conception process of baths from their analog models necessarily incomplete, relating to the collection of known specimens described and illustrated by experts. Every change or disturbance introduced affects the entire building which tends to regain its equilibrium. The facts, data established by archaeologists and tangible evidence, are the determinants in the detailed description of the modeled specimen and its valisation

Mouse Studies to Shape Clinical Trials for Mitochondrial Diseases: High Fat Diet in Harlequin Mice

BACKGROUND: Therapeutic options in human mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) diseases have been poorly evaluated mostly because of the scarcity of cohorts and the inter-individual variability of disease progression. Thus, while a high fat diet (HFD) is often recommended, data regarding efficacy are limited. Our objectives were 1) to determine our ability to evaluate therapeutic options in the Harlequin OXPHOS complex I (CI)-deficient mice, in the context of a mitochondrial disease with human hallmarks and 2) to assess the effects of a HFD. METHODS AND FINDINGS: Before launching long and expensive animal studies, we showed that palmitate afforded long-term death-protection in 3 CI-mutant human fibroblasts cell lines. We next demonstrated that using the Harlequin mouse, it was possible to draw solid conclusions on the efficacy of a 5-month-HFD on neurodegenerative symptoms. Moreover, we could identify a group of highly responsive animals, echoing the high variability of the disease progression in Harlequin mice. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that a reduced number of patients with identical genetic disease should be sufficient to reach firm conclusions as far as the potential existence of responders and non responders is recognized. They also positively prefigure HFD-trials in OXPHOS-deficient patients

Impact of crystallization conditions on defects and residual stresses in sapphire and crystallization by µ-PD of Ce-doped-YAG garnet fibers for high-energy physics

Dans le domaine de la cristallisation des fibres monocristallines par la technique de la micro-pulling down (µ-PD), les résultats récents sur les performances des fibres monocristallines (optique, laser, scintillateur) ont montré l’étendue des champs d’applications ouverts aux fibres cristallines. La course à la croissance cristalline, la fabrication de fibres cristallines performantes et la maitrise des procédés sont des enjeux de recherche dans un nombre important de laboratoires à travers le monde. Les fibres monocristallines de saphir et du YAG dopées Cérium (Ce3+) sont des formats à forte valeur ajoutée. Elles sont susceptibles d’être utilisées dans un large domaine d’applications, d’où la nécessité de contrôler et de maitriser la technologie de fabrication. En fonction des conditions de tirage (gradient de température, orientations cristallographiques des germes, vitesses de tirage), nous nous sommes intéressés à l’étude des bulles et des contraintes résiduelles dans le saphir tiré par µ-PD. La ségrégation du Cérium et la propagation de la lumière ainsi que l’atténuation dans les fibres YAG-dopées Cérium (Ce3+) ont été étudiées en fonction des vitesses de tirage. Nous avons étudié tous ces phénomènes ainsi que les mécanismes mis en jeu. La variation de la vitesse de tirage est en corrélation avec la distribution des bulles, la ségrégation du Ce et l’atténuation. A travers ce travail, on est en mesure de dire que les phénomènes à l’origine de la présence, de la répartition des bulles dans les fibres saphir et la ségrégation du Cérium dans le YAG ont été significativement éclaircis et que, à partir de ces résultats, des améliorations peuvent être apportées aux procédés technologiques de tirage par µ-PDIn the field of crystallization of single crystal fibers by micro-pulling down (µ-PD) technique, the recent results on the performance of single crystal fibers (optical, laser, scintillator) have shown the wide range of applications open to crystalline fibers. The race for crystal growth, the manufacture of high-performance crystal fibres and process control are research challenges in a large number of laboratories around the world. Cerium-doped monocrystalline sapphire and YAG fibres (Ce3+) are high value-added formats. They are likely to be used in a wide range of applications, hence the need to control and master manufacturing technology. Depending on the growth conditions (temperature gradient, crystallographic orientations of the germs, growth speeds), we were interested in studying the bubbles and residual stresses in the sapphire pulled by µ-PD. The segregation of Cerium and the propagation of light as well as the attenuation in YAG-doped Cerium fibres (Ce3+) were studied as a function of growth speeds. We have studied all these phenomena and the mechanisms involved. The variation in the growth rate is correlated with the distribution of bubbles, the segregation of Ce and the attenuation. Through this work, it can be said that the phenomena at the origin of the presence, distribution of bubbles in sapphire fibres and the segregation of Cerium in the YAG have been significantly clarified and that, from these results, improvements can be made to the technological processes of pulling by µ-P

Impact des conditions de cristallisation sur les défauts et les contraintes résiduelles dans le saphir et cristallisation par μ-PD de fibres de grenats YAG-dopées Ce pour la physique des hautes énergies

In the field of crystallization of single crystal fibers by micro-pulling down (µ-PD) technique, the recent results on the performance of single crystal fibers (optical, laser, scintillator) have shown the wide range of applications open to crystalline fibers. The race for crystal growth, the manufacture of high-performance crystal fibres and process control are research challenges in a large number of laboratories around the world. Cerium-doped monocrystalline sapphire and YAG fibres (Ce3+) are high value-added formats. They are likely to be used in a wide range of applications, hence the need to control and master manufacturing technology. Depending on the growth conditions (temperature gradient, crystallographic orientations of the germs, growth speeds), we were interested in studying the bubbles and residual stresses in the sapphire pulled by µ-PD. The segregation of Cerium and the propagation of light as well as the attenuation in YAG-doped Cerium fibres (Ce3+) were studied as a function of growth speeds. We have studied all these phenomena and the mechanisms involved. The variation in the growth rate is correlated with the distribution of bubbles, the segregation of Ce and the attenuation. Through this work, it can be said that the phenomena at the origin of the presence, distribution of bubbles in sapphire fibres and the segregation of Cerium in the YAG have been significantly clarified and that, from these results, improvements can be made to the technological processes of pulling by µ-PDDans le domaine de la cristallisation des fibres monocristallines par la technique de la micro-pulling down (µ-PD), les résultats récents sur les performances des fibres monocristallines (optique, laser, scintillateur) ont montré l’étendue des champs d’applications ouverts aux fibres cristallines. La course à la croissance cristalline, la fabrication de fibres cristallines performantes et la maitrise des procédés sont des enjeux de recherche dans un nombre important de laboratoires à travers le monde. Les fibres monocristallines de saphir et du YAG dopées Cérium (Ce3+) sont des formats à forte valeur ajoutée. Elles sont susceptibles d’être utilisées dans un large domaine d’applications, d’où la nécessité de contrôler et de maitriser la technologie de fabrication. En fonction des conditions de tirage (gradient de température, orientations cristallographiques des germes, vitesses de tirage), nous nous sommes intéressés à l’étude des bulles et des contraintes résiduelles dans le saphir tiré par µ-PD. La ségrégation du Cérium et la propagation de la lumière ainsi que l’atténuation dans les fibres YAG-dopées Cérium (Ce3+) ont été étudiées en fonction des vitesses de tirage. Nous avons étudié tous ces phénomènes ainsi que les mécanismes mis en jeu. La variation de la vitesse de tirage est en corrélation avec la distribution des bulles, la ségrégation du Ce et l’atténuation. A travers ce travail, on est en mesure de dire que les phénomènes à l’origine de la présence, de la répartition des bulles dans les fibres saphir et la ségrégation du Cérium dans le YAG ont été significativement éclaircis et que, à partir de ces résultats, des améliorations peuvent être apportées aux procédés technologiques de tirage par µ-P

Good local governance and its role in achieving local development ( The case of Algeria): الحكم المحلي الرشيد ودوره في تحقيق التنمية المحلية - حالة الجزائر

إن تحقيق التنمية المحلية لا يمكن أن يكون إلا ببناء علاقة إيجابية بين الحكام والمحكومين عن طريق توسيع نطاق المشاركة المجتمعية في عملية الحكم ومنح مؤسسات المجتمع المدني والقطاع الخاص دور أكبر في عملية التنمية، بانتهاج آليات فعالة وسليمة ووجود أدوات الرقابة والمحاسبة ونشر ثقافة الحكم الراشد في الهيئات المحلية، وهذا ما يؤدي إلى تفعيل الجماعات المحلية في سبيل تجسيد الديمقراطية التشاركية من خلال توسيع الخيارات المتاحة لجميع المواطنين بغية تحقيق التنمية.Achieving local development can only be by building a positive relationship between rulers and the ruled by expanding the scope of societal participation in the governance process and giving civil society institutions and the private sector a greater role in the development process, by adopting effective and sound mechanisms and the existence of tools of control and accountability and the dissemination of a culture of good governance In local bodies, this leads to the activation of local groups in order to embody participatory democracy by expanding the options available to all citizens in order to achieve development

Radiothérapie des sarcomes des tissus mous de la cuisse, revue de la littérature et expérience de l'Institut Jean Godinot

REIMS-BU Santé (514542104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Transformation of the Higher Education System of Ukraine and Algeria in the Context of The Impact of the Fourth Industrial Revolution

The paper focuses on the presence of a strong relationship between the level of education and unemployment in the EU and the OECD countries. A graphic confirmation of the change in the relative wages of employees depending on the level of education is given. The authors noted that in recent years there has been an expansion of the mass character of higher education, however, the latter has undergone transformations, in particular, the emergence of universities of a new format - University 21, School 35 and others. The author identifies the key features inherent in the field of higher education under the influence of the 4th Industrial Revolution. Of particular importance are the results on the existing imbalances in the field of higher education in the context of the transition to the new stage in the development of society - the 4th Industrial Revolution and the existing strategic gaps in the economies of the countries of the world depending on the level of development. The most optimal strategy for eliminating the existing imbalances in the field of higher education in the context of the 4th Industrial Revolution for the transition countries is proposed

Biogas production by an anaerobic digestion process from orange peel waste and its improvement by limonene leaching: Investigation of H2O2 pre-treatment effect

Orange peel waste is considered as an important feedstock for anaerobic digestion to generate bio-energy such as bio-hydrogen and bio-methane; however, its use as an energy source is still not important worldwide. Therefore, in the current study, the biochemical methane potential test was carried out to estimate the biogas production from orange peel waste by using an anaerobic digestion process in the thermophilic phase (T = 55°C). In order to investigate the antimicrobial and the inhibiting effect of limonene contained in orange peels on biogas production two experimental setups were operated simultaneously using de-oiled and crude orange peel wastes, respectively. For further enhancement of the biogas production, a pre-treatment was applied using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) at different concentrations up to the optimum value to increase soluble chemical oxygen demand (COD). The obtained results showed an important increase in biogas production: From 170 mL.gTVS−1 for the untreated sample to 750 mL.gTVS−1 after pre-treatment, and the composition analysis of the biogas indicated that average methane yields represent up to 50% of the total production. This increase was observed after steam distillation and was attributed to the removal of the antimicrobial compound