Measuring the Relationship Between Economic Crises and Investment Portfolios - A Sample Study of Iraqi Banks

Purpose: The study aimed to measure the closing price indicators for the Iraqi bank sector during the period (2010-2020) and using the PMG / ARDL index, which is an acronym for pooled mean group / Autoregressive distributed lag, i.e. self-regression to slow down. Distributed tablet data, to measure the relationship between the components of the economic crises of the dependent variable (closing price) of the Iraqi banks, the study sample, and the independent variables each of (gross domestic product, market value, global oil prices and economic crises).   Theoretical framework: The Iraqi economy is affected by economic crises along with the performance of investment portfolios in Iraqi banks.   Methodology of the study: To highlight the different conclusions taken by the banks that contribute In its success: Barony's co-integration test, according to the four formulas, shows that there is long-term integration between the dependent variable (closing price) and the independent variables (market value, gross domestic product, crude oil prices) during the quarterly period 2010-2020, which means that the PMG method can be applied. /ARDL.   Findings: This study showed that there is an adverse effect from the gross domestic product to the closing prices of the banking sector, and this can be justified by the increase in the gross domestic product associated with the increase in oil revenues. Because the oil sector contributes to 60% of GDP in Iraq.   Practical & Social implications: Study main necessary comes from paying attention to the development of investment portfolios in Iraq by following solid policies in implementing the necessary procedures for investing in portfolios, raising awareness of the culture of investment portfolios within investment communities or investment companies, and establishing the idea of establishing a fund to guarantee investment portfolios in a symbiotic manner that reduces the risks of fluctuations in oil revenues resulting from Crises.   Originality of study: Comes from that decision makers can reach solutions and treatments to mitigate their severity, and address the imbalance in the stock market in a way that achieves an improvement in the contribution formed by the rest sectors in the total GDP, and reduce the risks resulting from dependence on oil revenues

Possible Reasons for Spurious Regression in the Econometric Model (Case Study of Imports in the United States of America)

Purpose: The research aims to identify statistical, econometric, and economic indicators to infer the problem of spurious regression.   Theoretical framework: The research used a descriptive and econometric approach to identify the dimensions of this problem and the most likely causes of its emergence.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The research estimated four equations, the first two are simple linear regressions (y, x1) and (y, x2), the third is a multiple linear regression equation (y, x1, x2), and the fourth is a double logarithmic regression equation for multiple linear regression. The results of the four equations were compared to assess the standard methods and explore spurious regression.   Findings: The research concluded with several findings, one of which is that a high value of the coefficient of determination (R2) in the absence of significance of the parameters is an indication of the problem of multicollinearity, and hence the possibility of spurious regression.   Research, Practical & Social implications: Spurious regression can lead to misleading conclusions about the relationships between economic variables, this can have negative consequences for economic policymaking and other decision-making processes. The research on spurious regression can help to improve the accuracy and reliability of economic analysis, which can benefit society as a whole.   Originality/Value: The paper could provide recommendations for how to avoid spurious regression in econometric models of imports. This could include recommendations for data collection, data preparation, and model specification

The Impact of Operational Efficiency and Offensive Marketing Strategy on Banking Profits Using the Dupont Model

Purpose: aims of the study is to measure the operational efficiency of banks and the profit indicators represented by the ratio of return on assets and return on equity, and correlation relationship between the research sample bank's use of an offensive marketing strategy and its impact on increasing profits   Theoretical framework: formulate an offensive marketing strategy and to show its impact on increasing profits for the National Bank of Iraq.   Design/methodology/approach: The sample study are private commercial banks operating within the Iraqi banking environment. Finance and for a financial series (5) years, where the DuPont mathematical model was applied to the bank’s data and results were analyzed to formulate an offensive marketing strategy with the aim of increasing profits, then supported it with a questionnaire containing questions prepared for this purpose and directed to the employees of the National Bank of Iraq (managers, department heads, employees)   Findings: the results indicate there is a clear decrease in the asset benefit of the bank, which is a weak indicator of investment, due to the bank’s focus on guaranteed investment formulas, and the bank does not use the research sample for leverage (equity financing) if it needs to expand the financing of the granted loans,   Research, Practical & Social implications: the results can help the banking in Iraq to build an offensive marketing strategy with the aim of increasing profits, which allows the possibility of investing in them by marketing expansion throughout Iraq.   Originality/value: Formulating an offensive marketing strategy as an independent variable and its statistical impact on increasing profits

The Investment Balance Index and its Role in Economic Diversity: Sultanate of Oman, North al Batinah Governorate: Sohar Province as an Example

Purpose: The study aimed to clarify the reflection of the disparity in the growth of the productive sectors on the degree of economic diversification in the Sultanate of Oman, and to propose work according to the standards of the Tawazun Investment Index as an attempt to reduce the disparity and achieve balance in the growth of the non-oil productive sectors, and to find out the extent to which investor segments are satisfied with working according to those standards in an environment investment.   Theoretical Framework: Many studies that dealt with the issue of economic diversification agreed that despite the many and great efforts that the guardian authorities worked on translating to achieve the goal and strategy of economic diversification, they did not reach the desired level, and this reflects the lack of a specific theory in itself capable of resolving this problem and that it is necessary to focus On other aspects, to find out the extent to which economic diversification programs can succeed and reach the level of complete or required diversification.   Design/Methodology/Approach: The descriptive and analytical methods were used to cover the theoretical aspect of the study, and the statistical method was used to address the analytical aspects of the subject of the study through a questionnaire designed specifically for this purpose, and the questionnaire was unpacked and analyzed through the statistical analysis program (SPSS).   Findings: The results showed that the outputs represented in the growth of the non-oil productive sectors are a reflection of the inputs represented in the number of economic institutions and establishments and the number of workers in the non-oil productive sectors. The results of the statistical analysis showed that all forward-looking economic policies to enable the investment climate are important and serve the investment climate.   Practical and Social Implications: This study proposes working according to the Tawazun Investment Index criteria as an attempt to maximize the economic diversification programs in the Sultanate of Oman.   Originality/Value: This study provides researchers and decision-makers in the Sultanate of Oman with illumination for an attempt to address the problem of economic diversification and the use of practical solutions to maximize economic diversification programs by working according to the criteria of the proposed Tawazun Investment Index

The role of sporting governance in reducing risks and increasing the efficiency of high performance by applying statistics

Article accepted. The article will be published here soon. Pending final quality checks

El papel de la gobernanza deportiva en la reducción de riesgos y el aumento de la eficiencia del alto rendimiento mediante la aplicación de la estadística

Considering that governance is extremely important in lowering risks and increasing the efficiency of high performance, this research aimed to explain the role of sporting governance in reducing risks and increasing the efficiency of high performance by applying statistics. This research also aimed to analyze the implementation of mechanisms of electronic governance. We found that governance, in the broadest sense, refers to effective management. Therefore, a significant amount of responsibility is placed on the boards of sports directors when it comes to the implementation of governance. Also, sports directors are largely responsible for risk management. Consequently, it is necessary for them to have an understanding of the possible threats, as well as themeasures that should be taken to guarantee efficiency and absence of ethical conflicts. According to our results, we concluded that there is a significant association between sporting governance and the performance of sports organizations.Considerando que la gobernanza es extremadamente importante para reducir los riesgos y aumentar la eficiencia del alto rendimiento, esta investigación tuvo como objetivo explicar el papel de la gobernanza deportiva en la reducción de riesgos y el aumento de la eficiencia del alto rendimiento mediante la aplicación de estadística. Esta investigación también tuvo como objetivo analizar la implementación de mecanismos de gobernanza electrónica. Se encontróque la gobernanza, en el sentido más amplio, se refiere a una gestión eficaz. Por lo tanto, una gran responsabilidad recae en los consejos de directores deportivos en lo que respecta a la implementación de la gobernanza. Además, los directores deportivos son en gran medida responsables de la gestión de riesgos. En consecuencia, es necesario que comprendan las posibles amenazas, así como las medidas que deben tomarse para garantizar la eficiencia y la ausencia de conflictos éticos. Según nuestros resultados, concluimos que existe una asociación significativa entre la gobernanza deportiva y el desempeño de las organizaciones deportivas

Technical efficiency of Iraq's labour market

The assessment of the Iraqi employment market is highly required since the high level of unemployment rate which achieves 13.74% in 2019 and the economic crisis from which Iraq suffers. Thus, this paper aims to investigate the technical efficiency levels of the Iraqi Labor market by referring to a set of Stochastic Frontier Analysis models (namely time-invariant models and time-variant models developed by Greene (2005)). The sample is decomposed from fifteen regions for the years extended from 2010 to 2013 and 2019 to 2020. The results provide interesting insights such as the low level of efficiency across Iraqi governorates. The results are explained by the geopolitical circumstances and socioeconomic crisis which have a tremendous impact on Iraqi market employment. After assessing the levels of technical efficiency, we turn our attention to panel data analysis of the employment market in which we proceed to Fixed Effect and Random Effect Models. The main results reveal a significant impact of work supply on the employment rate whereas unemployment does not have a significant effect