Analysis of Energy Conservation Options for USDOE Child Development Center, Final Summary Report

This report presents the results of a study that verifies the energy savings due to the individual ECOs through the use of a calibrated DOE-2 simulation. The results show that roughly 73% of the savings estimated by the GSA architect can be accounted for by the calibrated simulation. This compares very well when one considers that the large differences were contributed by the envelope improvements and the clerestory windows. If these two ECOs were omitted, 90% of the savings can be accounted for by the calibrated simulation.The U.S.D.O.E. Forrestal Child Development Center (CDC) was designed to be a "showpiece" model building. Its construction included energy efficient features such as efficient lighting, a photovoltaic system, an energy management system, lighting controls, envelope improvements, clerestory windows, energy efficient heat pumps, and a solar hot water system. The architect's estimate of the energy savings from these measures totaled 31.6 million Watt-hours per year (MWh/yr), an annual savings of about $1,580 (at$0.05/kWh). This study calculated a total annual energy savings of 23.2 MWh per year for the CDC; a savings of $1,160

Advanced DOE-2 Calibration Procedures: A Technical Reference Manual

This manual outlines the procedures to collect data, poll the datalogger, and process the data. The processed data is then used with a calibrated DOE-2 input file using statistical graphing routines for the U.S.D.O.E. Forrestal Child Development Center. Appendix A contains the data processing routines. Appendix B contains the final calibrated input file. Appendix C contains processing and column merging routines. Appendix D contains the SAS graphical routines. Appendix E contains a solar conversion routine that converts data collected at an 18 degree south facing tilt to global horizontal solar data. Appendix F contains information on the channel tables for the loggers located at the Forrestal building and the Forrestal Child Development Center

Sustaining Long-Term Energy Savings for a Major Texas State Agency Performance Contracting Initiative

The file with the "a" is the PowerPoint presentation given at the Hot and Humid Conference.The Texas Mental Health and Mental Retardation agency, now part of the Texas Health and Human Services Commission, was challenged to deal with regularly deteriorating infrastructure at twentythree large campuses located throughout the state during large statewide budget cuts in 2003. Repair and replacement funding was considerably reduced with costs amounting to more than $250 million. The agency therefore decided to take advantage of new state legislation passed in the prior biennium allowing state agencies to use utility savings performance contracting as a means to replace aging and inefficient equipment. In such contracts, the utility savings will pay for the more efficient equipment cost over a fifteen-year period. The utility savings are measured over the life of the contract in order to ensure the savings stream and maintain the savings guarantee. The agency chose an energy services firm specializing in performance contracting. This company uses a utility bill analysis software tool based on cooling degree-days and heating degree-days. To date, savings have accrued for over two years for the first phase of the project and are presented in this paper for one of the measured electric meters. This paper focuses on the on-going savings stream to demonstrate the importance of continued measurement and verification on a representative meter at the Austin State Hospital located in Austin, Texas. In this paper, the Energy Services Company (ESCO) savings results are compared to savings results calculated from a regression analysis software package using average outdoor air temperature data and actual preand post-retrofit data. The software used as the comparison calculates simple mean, two-parameter (2P), three-parameter (3P) change point, or fourparameter (4P) change point models to be used as the utility baseline. To accurately account for the guaranteed savings, it is necessary to apply detailed as well as practical measurement and verification techniques. The agency continues to work closely with the ESCO to generate a savings persistence program that both parties can effectively put into practice; thus ensuring long-term goals are met.Texas Health and Human Services Commission; Energy Systems Laborator

Analysis of Energy Conservation Options for USDOE Child Development Center

This report presents the results of a study that verifies the energy savings due to the individual ECOs through the use of a calibrated DOE-2 simulation. The results show that roughly 84% of the savings estimated by the GSA architect can be accounted for by the calibrated simulation. Energy Systems Laboratory Texas A&M University Texas Engineering Experiment Station College Station, TexasThe Child Development Center (CDC) was designed to be a "showpiece" model building. Its construction included energy efficient features, including a photovoltaic system, solar hot water system, energy efficient lighting, and energy efficient heat pumps. The architect's estimate of the energy savings from these measures totaled 31.5 MWh per year, an annual savings of about $1,575 (at$0.05/kWh). The DOE-2 predicted total annual energy use for the CDC with all the ECO's installed is 146,317 kWh or 61,652 Btu/ft2-yr which is a 12% reduction from the DOE-2 predicted energy use of 166,559 kWh (70,181 Btu/ft2-yr using 1 kWh=3,413 Btu) if the ECOs had not been installed

Use of DOE-2 to Evaluate Evaporative Cooling in Texas Correctional Facilities

This study investigates the feasibility of using direct and indirect evaporative cooling systems for correctional facilities in two different Texas climatic regions with the DOE-2.1E hourly energy simulation program. The analysis is based on adding user defined functions to the DOE-2 SYSTEMS subprogram to simulate direct and indirect evaporative cooling configurations. The DOE-2 program was run with two weather tapes, one for Kingsville, Texas and one for Abilene, Texas during April, July, and October to resemble neutral, summer and winter weather conditions. The results showed that direct evaporative cooling is applicable in April for Abilene and October for Kingsville. The indirect evaporative cooling is feasible in July for Abilene and April for Kingsville

Computer Energy Modeling Techniques for Simulation Large Scale Correctional Institutes in Texas

Building energy simulation programs have undergone an increase in use for evaluating energy consumption and energy conservation retrofits in buildings. Utilization of computer simulation programs for large facilities with multiple buildings, however, has been relatively rare. Due to the immense size of certain facilities such as college campuses and correctional institutes, simulating energy consumption for the entire campus and reporting the energy use by individual building is a time consuming task. Initially, many computer simulation programs were designed to operate on the assumption that the user is simulating one building. Provisions are not usually made to knit together outputs from multiple buildings. Furthermore, programs such as DOE-2 have limits to the number of walls, windows, and zones that can be simulated in one run. This paper presents a methodology to model an entire campus by simulating each building as a single zone consistent with electrical feeders instead of as a separate entity. Since most simulation programs calculate energy use by means of one-dimensional heat transfer, utilizing this method becomes a practical solution, particularly if the facility does not contain buildings with complex internal systems. The energy use can then be extracted from the individual simulations and combined with specially written data handling scripts into a whole-campus energy use. The methods are presented using the DOE-2.1E building energy simulation program to model a 1,000 bed case study correctional unit located in Texas

Use of Calibrated Simulation for the Evaluation of Residential Energy Conservation Options of Two Habitat for Humanity Houses in Houston, Texas

This paper describes a project where selected energy conservation measures in two Habitat for Humanity houses in Houston, Texas were measured using side-by- side measurements of identical houses and calibrated simulation. The measures include shell tightening, improved A/C efficiency, modifications to the DHW heater, and solar screens. To perform the analysis both houses were instrumented with hourly data loggers for more than one year to record energy use and environmental conditions and the data analyzed using several methods including an inverse fourier series method and calibrated DOE-2 simulations. The results indicate that several of the energy conservation measures performed as estimated when all confounding factors were removed using simulation. The confounding factors that needed to be normalized with the simulation included: the weather conditions, Merences in the life styles of the two houses, and omissions in the construction of the houses (Bou-Saada, et al. 1998). This paper discusses the instrumentation installed in the houses and the efforts that were undertaken to calibrate the DOE-2 simulation to the energy efficient house. The paper by Haberl et al. (1998) discusses the results of simulating the ECRMs

The USDOE Forrestal Building Lighting Retrofit: Preliminary Analysis of Electricity Savings

The Department of Energy estimated that the lighting retrofit would reduce annual electricity use by 6.146 million kWh (62% of the lighting electricity use), and lower peak electric demand by 1,300 kW. Estimates of the electricity savings were $399,058 per year, or$1,350,386 over a seven year period. Environmental impacts of this project have been estimated in the range of 3,791 to 4,160 tons/yr (3.4 to 3.8 million kg) of carbon dioxide (CO2) avoidance, 31.7 to 33.2 tons/yr (28.7 to 30.1 thousand kg) of sulfur dioxide (SO2) avoidance, and 13.6 to 16.0 tons/yr (12.3 to 7.3 thousand kg) of nitrous oxide (NO2) avoidance.In September of 1993 a 36,832 fixture lighting retrofit was completed at the United States Department of Energy Forrestal complex in Washington, D.C. This retrofit represents DOE's largest project to date that utilizes a Shared Energy Savings (SES) agreement as authorized under Public Law 99-272. As DOE's first major SES contract, it was important that every aspect of this project serve as the cornerstone of DOE's Federal Relighting Initiative, including the careful measurement of the electricity and thermal energy savings