International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III (ISSP 2008)

Content: attitudes towards religious practices.Topics: assessment of personal happiness; attitudes towards pre-maritalsexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudestowards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towardsabortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or lowincome of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage; trustin institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches andreligious organizations, courts and the legal system, schools and theeducational system); mobility; attitudes towards the influence ofreligious leaders on voters and government; attitudes towards thebenefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harmthan good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith,religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people withvery strong religious beliefs); judgement on the power of churches andreligious organizations; attitudes towards equal rights for allreligious groups in the country and respect for all religions;acceptance of persons from a different religion or with differentreligious views in case of marrying a relative or being a candidate ofthe preferred political party (social distance); attitudes towards theallowance for religious extremists to hold public meetings and topublish books expressing their views (freedom of expression); doubt orfirm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death,heaven, hell, religious miracles, reincarnation, Nirvana, supernaturalpowers of deceased ancestors; attitudes towards a higher truth andtowards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human beingpersonally, little that people can do to change the course of theirlives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life doesnot serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides themeaning himself, connection with God without churches or religiousservices); religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father andspouse/partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency ofchurch attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father andmother; personal frequency of church attendance when young; frequencyof prayers and participation in religious activities; shrine, altar ora religious object in respondent’s home; frequency of visiting a holyplace (shrine, temple, church or mosque) for religious reasons exceptregular religious services; self-classification of personalreligiousness and spirituality; truth in one or in all religions;attitudes towards the profits of practicing a religion (scale: findinginner peace and happiness, making friends, gaining comfort in times oftrouble and sorrow, meeting the right kind of people).Optional items (not stated in all countries): questions in countrieswith an appreciable number of Evangelical Protestants): ´born-again´Christian; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book);questions generally applicable for all countries: conversion of faithafter crucial experience; personal sacrifice as an expression of faithsuch as fasting or following a special diet during holy season such asLent or Ramadan; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother -father, master - spouse, judge - lover, friend - king); belief in luckycharms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; social rules orGod’s laws as basis for deciding between right and wrong; attitudestowards members of different religious groups (Christians, Muslims,Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, Atheists or non-believers.Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years ofschooling; highest education level; country specific education anddegree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hoursworked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner);supervising function at work; working for private or public sector orself-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number ofemployees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (countryspecific); family income (country specific); size of household;household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specificparty affiliation; participation in last election; religiousdenomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services;self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); sizeof community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area;country of origin or ethnic group affiliation.Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weightingfactor; case substitution

International Social Survey Programme: Religion III - ISSP 2008

Einstellung zur religiösen Praxis. Themen: Einschätzung des persönlichen Glücksgefühls; Einstellung zu vorehelichem Geschlechtsverkehr und zu außerehelichem Geschlechtsverkehr (Ehebruch); Einstellung zu homosexuellen Beziehungen zwischen Erwachsenen; Einstellung zu Abtreibung im Falle von Behinderung oder Krankheit des Babys und im Falle geringen Einkommens der Familie; Rollenverständnis in der Ehe; Institutionenvertrauen (Parlament, Unternehmen und Industrie, Kirche und religiöse Organisationen, Gerichte und Rechtssystem, Schulen und Bildungssystem); eigene Mobilität; Einstellung zum Einfluss von religiösen Führern auf Wähler und Regierung; Einstellung zu Wissenschaft und Religion (Skala: moderne Wissenschaft bringt mehr Schaden als Nutzen, zu viel Vertrauen in die Wissenschaft und zu wenig religiöses Vertrauen, Religionen bringen mehr Konflikte als Frieden, Intoleranz von Menschen mit starken religiösen Überzeugungen); Beurteilung der Macht von Kirchen und religiösen Organisationen im Lande; Einstellung zur Gleichberechtigung aller religiösen Gruppen im Land und Respekt für alle Religionen; Akzeptanz einer Person anderen Glaubens oder mit unterschiedlichen religiösen Ansichten als Ehepartner im Verwandtschaftskreis sowie als Kandidat der präferierten Partei (soziale Distanz); Einstellung zur öffentlichen Redefreiheit bzw. zum Publikationsrecht für religiöse Extremisten; Zweifel oder fester Glaube an Gott (Skala Deismus); Glaube an: ein Leben nach dem Tod, Himmel, Hölle, Wunder, Reinkarnation, Nirwana, übernatürliche Kräfte verstorbener Vorfahren; Einstellung zu einer höheren Wahrheit und zum Sinn des Lebens (Gott kümmert sich um jeden Menschen persönlich, nur wenig persönlicher Einfluss auf das Leben möglich (Fatalismus), Leben hat nur einen Sinn aufgrund der Existenz Gottes, Leben dient keinem Zweck, eigenes Tun verleiht dem Leben Sinn, persönliche Verbindung mit Gott ohne Kirche oder Gottesdienste); Religion der Mutter, des Vaters und des Ehepartners bzw. Partners; Religion, mit der der Befragte aufgewachsen ist; Kirchgangshäufigkeit des Vaters und der Mutter; persönliche Kirchgangshäufigkeit in der Jugend; Häufigkeit des Betens und der Teilnahme an religiösen Aktivitäten; Schrein, Altar oder religiöses Objekt (z.B. Kreuz) im Haushalt des Befragten; Häufigkeit des Besuchs eines heiligen Ortes (Schrein, Tempel, Kirche oder Moschee) aus religiösen Gründen; Selbsteinschätzung der Religiosität und Spiritualität; Wahrheit in einer oder in allen Religionen; Vorteilhaftigkeit der Ausübung einer Religion (Skala: inneren Frieden und Glück finden, Freundschaften schließen, Unterstützung in schwierigen Zeiten, Gleichgesinnte treffen). Optionale Items (nicht in allen Ländern ausgeführt): wiedergeborene Christen; Einstellung zur Bibel; Fragen, die grundsätzlich für alle Länder anwendbar sind: Bekehrung zum Glauben nach einem Schlüsselerlebnis; persönliche Opfer als Ausdruck des Glaubens wie Fasten oder Einhalten einer speziellen Diät während heiliger Zeiten wie z.B. Ramadan; Konzept von Gott (semantisches Differential: Mutter/Vater, Herr und Meister/Ehepartner, Richter/Liebender, Freund/König); Glaube an Glücksbringer, Wahrsager, Gesundbeter und Horoskope; demokratische oder göttliche Gesetze als Grundlage für Entscheidungen zwischen richtig und falsch; Einstellung gegenüber verschiedenen religiösen Gruppen (Christen, Muslime, Hindus, Buddhisten, Juden, Atheisten oder Nicht-Gläubige). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Familienstand; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Jahre der Schulbildung, höchster Bildungsabschluss; länderspezifischer Bildungsgrad; derzeitiger Beschäftigungsstatus des Befragten und seines Partners; Wochenarbeitszeit; Beruf (ISCO-88) des Befragten und seines Partners; Vorgesetztenfunktion; Beschäftigung im privaten oder öffentlichen Dienst oder Selbständigkeit des Befragten und seines Partners; Selbständige wurden gefragt: Anzahl der Beschäftigten; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Einkommensquellen des Befragten (länderspezifisch), Haushaltseinkommen (länderspezifisch); Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Parteipräferenz (links-rechts), länderspezifische Parteipräferenz; Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten Wahl; Konfession; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Selbsteinstufung auf einer Oben-Unten-Skala; Region und Ortsgröße (länderspezifisch), Urbanisierungsgrad; Geburtsland und ethnische Herkunft. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Datenerhebungsart;Gewichtungsfaktoren

International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III (ISSP 2008)

Content: attitudes towards religious practices.Topics: assessment of personal happiness; attitudes towards pre-maritalsexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudestowards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towardsabortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or lowincome of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage; trustin institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches andreligious organizations, courts and the legal system, schools and theeducational system); mobility; attitudes towards the influence ofreligious leaders on voters and government; attitudes towards thebenefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harmthan good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith,religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people withvery strong religious beliefs); judgement on the power of churches andreligious organizations; attitudes towards equal rights for allreligious groups in the country and respect for all religions;acceptance of persons from a different religion or with differentreligious views in case of marrying a relative or being a candidate ofthe preferred political party (social distance); attitudes towards theallowance for religious extremists to hold public meetings and topublish books expressing their views (freedom of expression); doubt orfirm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death,heaven, hell, religious miracles, reincarnation, Nirvana, supernaturalpowers of deceased ancestors; attitudes towards a higher truth andtowards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human beingpersonally, little that people can do to change the course of theirlives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life doesnot serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides themeaning himself, connection with God without churches or religiousservices); religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father andspouse/partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency ofchurch attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father andmother; personal frequency of church attendance when young; frequencyof prayers and participation in religious activities; shrine, altar ora religious object in respondent’s home; frequency of visiting a holyplace (shrine, temple, church or mosque) for religious reasons exceptregular religious services; self-classification of personalreligiousness and spirituality; truth in one or in all religions;attitudes towards the profits of practicing a religion (scale: findinginner peace and happiness, making friends, gaining comfort in times oftrouble and sorrow, meeting the right kind of people).Optional items (not stated in all countries): questions in countrieswith an appreciable number of Evangelical Protestants): ´born-again´Christian; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book);questions generally applicable for all countries: conversion of faithafter crucial experience; personal sacrifice as an expression of faithsuch as fasting or following a special diet during holy season such asLent or Ramadan; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother -father, master - spouse, judge - lover, friend - king); belief in luckycharms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; social rules orGod’s laws as basis for deciding between right and wrong; attitudestowards members of different religious groups (Christians, Muslims,Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, Atheists or non-believers.Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years ofschooling; highest education level; country specific education anddegree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hoursworked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner);supervising function at work; working for private or public sector orself-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number ofemployees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (countryspecific); family income (country specific); size of household;household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specificparty affiliation; participation in last election; religiousdenomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services;self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); sizeof community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area;country of origin or ethnic group affiliation.Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weightingfactor; case substitution

International Social Survey Programme 2008: Religion III (ISSP 2008)

Content: attitudes towards religious practices.Topics: assessment of personal happiness; attitudes towards pre-maritalsexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudestowards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towardsabortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or lowincome of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage; trustin institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches andreligious organizations, courts and the legal system, schools and theeducational system); mobility; attitudes towards the influence ofreligious leaders on voters and government; attitudes towards thebenefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harmthan good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith,religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people withvery strong religious beliefs); judgement on the power of churches andreligious organizations; attitudes towards equal rights for allreligious groups in the country and respect for all religions;acceptance of persons from a different religion or with differentreligious views in case of marrying a relative or being a candidate ofthe preferred political party (social distance); attitudes towards theallowance for religious extremists to hold public meetings and topublish books expressing their views (freedom of expression); doubt orfirm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death,heaven, hell, religious miracles, reincarnation, Nirvana, supernaturalpowers of deceased ancestors; attitudes towards a higher truth andtowards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human beingpersonally, little that people can do to change the course of theirlives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life doesnot serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides themeaning himself, connection with God without churches or religiousservices); religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father andspouse/partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency ofchurch attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father andmother; personal frequency of church attendance when young; frequencyof prayers and participation in religious activities; shrine, altar ora religious object in respondent’s home; frequency of visiting a holyplace (shrine, temple, church or mosque) for religious reasons exceptregular religious services; self-classification of personalreligiousness and spirituality; truth in one or in all religions;attitudes towards the profits of practicing a religion (scale: findinginner peace and happiness, making friends, gaining comfort in times oftrouble and sorrow, meeting the right kind of people).Optional items (not stated in all countries): questions in countrieswith an appreciable number of Evangelical Protestants): ´born-again´Christian; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book);questions generally applicable for all countries: conversion of faithafter crucial experience; personal sacrifice as an expression of faithsuch as fasting or following a special diet during holy season such asLent or Ramadan; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother -father, master - spouse, judge - lover, friend - king); belief in luckycharms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; social rules orGod’s laws as basis for deciding between right and wrong; attitudestowards members of different religious groups (Christians, Muslims,Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, Atheists or non-believers.Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years ofschooling; highest education level; country specific education anddegree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hoursworked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner);supervising function at work; working for private or public sector orself-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number ofemployees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (countryspecific); family income (country specific); size of household;household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specificparty affiliation; participation in last election; religiousdenomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services;self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); sizeof community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area;country of origin or ethnic group affiliation.Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weightingfactor; case substitution

International Social Survey Programme: Religion I-III ADD ON - ISSP 1991-1998-2008

The release of the cumulated ISSP ´Religion´ modules for the years 1991, 1998 and 2008 consists of two separate datasets: ZA5070 and ZA5071. This documentation deals with the supplementary dataset ZA5071. It contains all those, mainly national-specific background variables that belong to the current ISSP standard, but could not be cumulated for various reasons. The variables, however, can be matched easily to the cumulated file if necessary. A comprehensive overview on the contents, the structure and basic coding rules of both data files can be found in the following guide: Guide for the ISSP ´Religion´ cumulation of the years 1991, 1998 and 2008 Religion - (non-cumulated background variables of the individual modules) Variables for all countries and modules if available: country-specific education and degree; country-specific occupation (respondent as well as partner); earnings of respondent (country specific); family income (country-specific); country-specific party affiliation; size of community (country-specific); country of origin or ethnic group affiliation (country-specific); type of community: urban-rural area. Single variables: spouse’s working for private or public sector or self-employed 2008; self-placement on a top-bottom scale 2008, administrative mode of data-collection 2008, case substitution flag 2008

International Social Survey Programme: Religion I-III - ISSP 1991-1998-2008

The release of the cumulated ISSP ´Religion´ modules for the years 1991, 1998 and 2008 consists of two separate datasets: ZA5070 and ZA5071. This documentation deals with the main dataset ZA5070. It contains all the cumulated variables, while the supplementary data file ZA5071 contains those variables that could not be cumulated for various reasons. However, they can be matched easily to the cumulated file if necessary. A comprehensive overview on the contents, the structure and basic coding rules of both data files can be found in the following guide: Guide for the ISSP ´Religion´ cumulation of the years 1991, 1998 and 2008 Content: attitudes towards religion. Topics: Assessment of personal happiness; responsibility of government for providing jobs and reduction of the difference between rich and poor; attitudes towards pre-marital sexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudes towards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towards abortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or low income of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage; attitude towards tax fraud and incorrect information to get benefits from government; trust in institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches and religious organizations, courts and the legal system, schools and the educational system); attitudes towards the influence of religious leaders on voters and government; judgement on the power of churches and religious organizations; doubt or firm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death, heaven, hell, religious miracles; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book); attitudes towards a higher truth and towards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human being personally, little that people can do to change the course of their lives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life does not serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides the meaning himself); we each make our own fate; turning point in life and new commitment to religion; religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father and spouse/partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency of church attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father and mother when the respondent was a child; personal frequency of church attendance at the age of 11-12; frequency of prayers and participation in religious activities; self-assessment as religious; belief in lucky charms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; born again experience; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother - father, master - spouse, judge - lover, friend - king); world image: much evil vs. much good, man is good vs. corrupt; people can be trusted; attitudes towards the benefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harm than good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith, religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people with very strong religious beliefs); attitude towards truth in religion (very litte truth in any religion, basic truths in many religions or truth only in one religion); attitude if law conflicts with religious principles. Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years of schooling; highest education level; current employment status (respondent and partner); hours worked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner); supervising function at work; working for private or public sector or self-employed; number of employees; trade union membership; size of household; household composition; party affiliation (left-right); participation in last election; attendance of religious services; religious main groups; subjective social class; region (country-specific). Additionally coded: weighting factor

International Social Survey Programme: Environment II - ISSP 2000

The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about the environment, climate change and environmental protection.Private entrepreneurs as best possibility to solve economic problems; responsibility of the government to reduce income differences among the citizens; highest and next highest priority in the own country; attitude to modern science (scale); attitude to the environment (scale); judgement on the contrast of environmental protection and economic growth; attitude to animal experiments in pharmacology; economic growth harms the environment; earth cannot continue to support population growth at its present rate; attitude towards nature as creation of God, spiritual or sacred in itself or important but not spiritual; willingness to pay higher prices and higher taxes or to accept reductions in standard of living for the benefit of protection of the environment; self-classification of participation in environmental protection (scale); knowledge about manner of functioning of antibiotics as destructive agent for bacteria or virus; understanding the theory of evolution; artificially produced chemicals as cause for cancer; knowledge of the danger of death from radioactivity; knowledge about the causes for the greenhouse effect; estimation of dangerousness of air pollution caused by cars for the environment, for the respondent and his family; classification of air pollution from industrial waste gases, pesticides and chemicals in agriculture, water pollution and a rise in the world´s temperature caused by the greenhouse effect, the modification of genes of certain crops as dangerous for the environment; preference for the regulation of environmental protection by the government, the population or the economy; estimation of the efforts of the own country to protect the world environment; more effort for the environment by business and industry, people in general or the government; attitude towards international agreements for environmental problems that each country should be made to follow; agreement with poorer countries to make less effort than richer countries to protect the environment; economic progress will slow down without better protection of the environment; likelihood of an ecological catastrophe within the next five years caused by a nuclear accident; trust in business and industry, environmental groups, government departments, newspapers, radio or TV programmes and university research centres as information sources about environmental issues; frequency of own efforts to sort glass or tins or plastic or newspapers for recycling; frequency of not using the car for environmental reasons; membership in an environmental protection organization; personal environmental political activities in the last five years through participation in signing petitions, giving donations to environmental groups as well as participating in demonstrations; beliefs in God; residential status; estimation of the dangerousness of nuclear power stations for the environment; government should redistribute income; people can do little to change lifes; people challenge authority too often; people with money should be left to enjoy it; people should follow conscience even if they break the law; private enterprise needs control; all societies have inequalities; the world is getting better. Demography: Age; sex; marital status; steady life-partner; years in school; current employment status; occupation (ISCO-88); employment in public sector; self-employed; number of employees; hours worked weekly; supervisor function; earnings of the respondent; family income; religious denomination; attendance of religious services; self-assessment of social class; union membership; party affiliation (left-right); size of household; household cycle; type of community: urban-rural; in some countries: ethnic affiliation of respondent and language. Additionally encoded: Mode of data collection.Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu Umwelt, Klimawandel und Umweltschutz.Privates Unternehmertum als beste Möglichkeit zur Lösung der ökonomischen Probleme; Verantwortung der Regierung zur Verringerung der Einkommensdifferenzen bei den Bürgern; Postmaterialismus-Index; perzipierte Wissenschaftsgläubigkeit der Bevölkerung; Bewertung von Wissenschaft (Skala); erwartete Lösung der Umweltschutzprobleme durch die Wissenschaft; Sorge um die Zukunft der Umwelt; Heiligkeit der Natur; Umweltzerstörung und modernes Leben; Einschätzung der Auswirkung des Populationszuwachses auf der Erde; übertriebene Umweltempfindlichkeit; Beurteilung des Gegensatzes von Umweltschutz und ökonomischem Wachstum; Einstellung zu Tierversuchen in der Pharmazie; ökonomisches Wachstum gefährdet die Umwelt; Bereitschaft zu höheren Preisen bzw. höheren Steuern oder zur Akzeptanz von Einschnitten beim Lebensstandard zugunsten des Schutzes der Umwelt; Partizipation an umweltschutzrelevanten Aktivitäten; Selbsteinstufung der Beteiligung am Umweltschutz; Wichtigkeit von Umweltschutz; Einschätzung der Bedeutung eines eigenen Beitrags zum Umweltschutz; übertriebene Darstellung der Umweltgefährdung in der Öffentlichkeit; Kenntnis der Wirkungsweise von Antibiotika auf Bakterien und Viren; Verständnis der Evolutionstheorie; Chemikalien als Ursache für Krebs; Kenntnisse der Gefährlichkeit von Radioaktivität; Kenntnis der Ursache für den Treibhauseffekt; empfundene Gefährdung der Umwelt allgemein und für den Betroffenen selbst durch Autoabgase; Luftverschmutzung durch Industrieabgase; Einstufung der Umweltgefährdung durch Pestizide und Chemikalien in der Landwirtschaft, durch Wasserverschmutzung durch die Erwärmung der Atmosphäre (Treibhauseffekt) und durch Genmanipulation bei Nutzpflanzen; staatliche Intervention und Rolle der Wirtschaft beim Umweltschutz; Bewertung des Einsatzes von Staat, Industrie und Bevölkerung für die Umwelt; Einstellung zu internationalen Abkommen und den Bemühungen ärmerer Länder zum Schutz der Umwelt; Auswirkungen von Umweltschutz auf die Wirtschaftsentwicklung; Wahrscheinlichkeit eines Atomunfalls; Vertrauen in Glaubwürdigkeit von Umweltinformationen verschiedener Institutionen; eigene Beteiligung am Recycling; Häufigkeit des Verzichts auf das Auto aus Umweltgründen; Mitgliedschaft in einer Umweltschutzorganisation; eigene umweltpolitische Aktivitäten durch Beteiligung an Unterschriftslisten, Geldspenden sowie Beteiligung an Demonstrationen. Demographie: Alter; Geschlecht; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Familienstand; Bildung; Beschäftigungsstatus; Beruf (ISCO-Code); Beschäftigung im öffentlichen Sektor; Wochenarbeitszeit; Einkommen des Befragten; Haushaltseinkommen; Vorgesetztenfunktion; Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltstypologie; Ortsgröße; Region; Religionszugehörigkeit; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Selbsteinschätzung der Schichtzugehörigkeit; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Parteipräferenz; in einigen Ländern: ethnische Zugehörigkeit des Befragten

International Social Survey Programme: Religion III - ISSP 2008

The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) is a continuous programme of cross-national collaboration running annual surveys on topics important for the social sciences. The programme started in 1984 with four founding members - Australia, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States – and has now grown to almost 50 member countries from all over the world. As the surveys are designed for replication, they can be used for both, cross-national and cross-time comparisons. Each ISSP module focuses on a specific topic, which is repeated in regular time intervals. Please, consult the documentation for details on how the national ISSP surveys are fielded. The present study focuses on questions about religion and religious identity.Assessment of personal happiness; attitudes towards pre-marital sexual intercourse; attitudes towards committed adultery; attitudes towards homosexual relationships between adults; attitudes towards abortion in case of serious disability or illness of the baby or low income of the family; attitudes towards gender roles in marriage; people can be trusted vs. can´t be too careful in dealing with people; trust in institutions (parliament, business and industry, churches and religious organizations, courts and the legal system, schools and the educational system); mobility; attitudes towards the influence of religious leaders on voters and government; attitudes towards the benefits of science and religion (scale: modern science does more harm than good, too much trust in science and not enough in religious faith, religions bring more conflicts than peace, intolerance of people with very strong religious beliefs); judgement on the power of churches and religious organizations; attitudes towards equal rights for all religious groups in the country and respect for all religions; acceptance of persons from a different religion or with different religious views in case of marrying a relative or being a candidate of the preferred political party (social distance); attitudes towards the allowance for religious extremists to hold public meetings and to publish books expressing their views (freedom of expression); doubt or firm belief in God (deism, scale); belief in: a life after death, heaven, hell, religious miracles, reincarnation, Nirvana, supernatural powers of deceased ancestors; attitudes towards a higher truth and towards meaning of life (scale: God is concerned with every human being personally, little that people can do to change the course of their lives (fatalism), life is meaningful only because God exists, life does not serve any purpose, life is only meaningful if someone provides the meaning himself, connection with God without churches or religious services); religious preference (affiliation) of mother, father and spouse/partner; religion respondent was raised in; frequency of church attendance (of attendance in religious services) of father and mother; personal frequency of church attendance when young; frequency of prayers and participation in religious activities; shrine, altar or a religious object in respondent’s home; frequency of visiting a holy place (shrine, temple, church or mosque) for religious reasons except regular religious services; self-classification of personal religiousness and spirituality; truth in one or in all religions; attitudes towards the profits of practicing a religion (scale: finding inner peace and happiness, making friends, gaining comfort in times of trouble and sorrow, meeting the right kind of people). Optional items (not stated in all countries): ´born-again´ Christian; attitudes towards the Bible (or appropriate holy book); questions generally applicable for all countries: conversion of faith after crucial experience; personal sacrifice as an expression of faith such as fasting or following a special diet during holy season such as Lent or Ramadan; concept of God (semantic differential scale: mother - father, master - spouse, judge - lover, friend - king); belief in lucky charms, fortune tellers, faith healers and horoscopes; decision criteria for personal actions (laws or religious principles); attitudes towards members of different religious groups (Christians, Muslims, Hindus, Buddhists, Jews, Atheists or non-believers). Demography: sex; age; marital status; steady life partner; years of schooling; highest education level; country specific education and degree; current employment status (respondent and partner); hours worked weekly; occupation (ISCO 1988) (respondent and partner); supervising function at work; working for private or public sector or self-employed (respondent and partner); if self-employed: number of employees; trade union membership; earnings of respondent (country specific); family income (country specific); size of household; household composition; party affiliation (left-right); country specific party affiliation; participation in last election; religious denomination; religious main groups; attendance of religious services; self-placement on a top-bottom scale; region (country specific); size of community (country specific); type of community: urban-rural area; country of origin or ethnic group affiliation. Additionally coded: administrative mode of data-collection; weighting factor; case substitution.Das International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ist ein länderübergreifendes, fortlaufendes Umfrageprogramm, das jährlich Erhebungen zu Themen durchführt, die für die Sozialwissenschaften wichtig sind. Das Programm begann 1984 mit vier Gründungsmitgliedern - Australien, Deutschland, Großbritannien und den Vereinigten Staaten - und ist inzwischen auf fast 50 Mitgliedsländer aus aller Welt angewachsen. Da die Umfragen auf Replikationen ausgelegt sind, können die Daten sowohl für länder- als auch für zeitübergreifende Vergleiche genutzt werden. Jedes ISSP-Modul konzentriert sich auf ein bestimmtes Thema, das in regelmäßigen Zeitabständen wiederholt wird. Details zur Durchführung der nationalen ISSP-Umfragen entnehmen Sie bitte der Dokumentation. Die vorliegende Studie konzentriert sich auf Fragen zu Religion und religiöser Identität.Einschätzung des persönlichen Glücksgefühls; Einstellung zu vorehelichem Geschlechtsverkehr und zu außerehelichem Geschlechtsverkehr (Ehebruch); Einstellung zu homosexuellen Beziehungen zwischen Erwachsenen; Einstellung zu Abtreibung im Falle von Behinderung oder Krankheit des Babys und im Falle geringen Einkommens der Familie; Rollenverständnis in der Ehe; Personenvertrauen vs. Vorsicht im Umgang mit Menschen; Institutionenvertrauen (Parlament, Unternehmen und Industrie, Kirche und religiöse Organisationen, Gerichte und Rechtssystem, Schulen und Bildungssystem); eigene Mobilität; Einstellung zum Einfluss von religiösen Führern auf Wähler und Regierung; Einstellung zu Wissenschaft und Religion (Skala: moderne Wissenschaft bringt mehr Schaden als Nutzen, zu viel Vertrauen in die Wissenschaft und zu wenig religiöses Vertrauen, Religionen bringen mehr Konflikte als Frieden, Intoleranz von Menschen mit starken religiösen Überzeugungen); Beurteilung der Macht von Kirchen und religiösen Organisationen im Lande; Einstellung zur Gleichberechtigung aller religiösen Gruppen im Land und Respekt für alle Religionen; Akzeptanz einer Person anderen Glaubens oder mit unterschiedlichen religiösen Ansichten als Ehepartner im Verwandtschaftskreis sowie als Kandidat der präferierten Partei (soziale Distanz); Einstellung zur öffentlichen Redefreiheit bzw. zum Publikationsrecht für religiöse Extremisten; Zweifel oder fester Glaube an Gott (Skala Deismus); Glaube an: ein Leben nach dem Tod, Himmel, Hölle, Wunder, Reinkarnation, Nirwana, übernatürliche Kräfte verstorbener Vorfahren; Einstellung zu einer höheren Wahrheit und zum Sinn des Lebens (Gott kümmert sich um jeden Menschen persönlich, nur wenig persönlicher Einfluss auf das Leben möglich (Fatalismus), Leben hat nur einen Sinn aufgrund der Existenz Gottes, Leben dient keinem Zweck, eigenes Tun verleiht dem Leben Sinn, persönliche Verbindung mit Gott ohne Kirche oder Gottesdienste); Religion der Mutter, des Vaters und des Ehepartners bzw. Partners; Religion, mit der der Befragte aufgewachsen ist; Kirchgangshäufigkeit des Vaters und der Mutter; persönliche Kirchgangshäufigkeit in der Jugend; Häufigkeit des Betens und der Teilnahme an religiösen Aktivitäten; Schrein, Altar oder religiöses Objekt (z.B. Kreuz) im Haushalt des Befragten; Häufigkeit des Besuchs eines heiligen Ortes (Schrein, Tempel, Kirche oder Moschee) aus religiösen Gründen; Selbsteinschätzung der Religiosität und Spiritualität; Wahrheit in einer oder in allen Religionen; Vorteilhaftigkeit der Ausübung einer Religion (Skala: inneren Frieden und Glück finden, Freundschaften schließen, Unterstützung in schwierigen Zeiten, Gleichgesinnte treffen). Optionale Items (nicht in allen Ländern ausgeführt): wiedergeborene Christen; Einstellung zur Bibel; Fragen, die grundsätzlich für alle Länder anwendbar sind: Bekehrung zum Glauben nach einem Schlüsselerlebnis; persönliche Opfer als Ausdruck des Glaubens wie Fasten oder Einhalten einer speziellen Diät während heiliger Zeiten wie z.B. Ramadan; Konzept von Gott (semantisches Differential: Mutter/Vater, Herr und Meister/Ehepartner, Richter/Liebender, Freund/König); Glaube an Glücksbringer, Wahrsager, Gesundbeter und Horoskope; Entscheidungskriterien für persönliches Handeln (Gesetzte oder religiöse Prinzipien); Einstellung gegenüber verschiedenen religiösen Gruppen (Christen, Muslime, Hindus, Buddhisten, Juden, Atheisten oder Nicht-Gläubige). Demographie: Geschlecht; Alter; Familienstand; Zusammenleben mit einem Partner; Jahre der Schulbildung, höchster Bildungsabschluss; länderspezifischer Bildungsgrad; derzeitiger Beschäftigungsstatus des Befragten und seines Partners; Wochenarbeitszeit; Beruf (ISCO-88) des Befragten und seines Partners; Vorgesetztenfunktion; Beschäftigung im privaten oder öffentlichen Dienst oder Selbständigkeit des Befragten und seines Partners; Selbständige wurden gefragt: Anzahl der Beschäftigten; Gewerkschaftsmitgliedschaft; Einkommensquellen des Befragten (länderspezifisch), Haushaltseinkommen (länderspezifisch); Haushaltsgröße; Haushaltszusammensetzung; Parteipräferenz (links-rechts), länderspezifische Parteipräferenz; Wahlbeteiligung bei der letzten Wahl; Konfession; Kirchgangshäufigkeit; Selbsteinstufung auf einer Oben-Unten-Skala; Region und Ortsgröße (länderspezifisch), Urbanisierungsgrad; Geburtsland und ethnische Herkunft. Zusätzlich verkodet wurde: Datenerhebungsart; Gewichtungsfaktoren; case substitution

Religiousness and Social Support: A Study in Secular Norway

Previous research has shown that religiousness is related to social support, but most studies on this subject have been conducted in highly religious contexts. In the secular culture of Norway, we investigated the level of perceived social support among religious and non-religious individuals using the scale from the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey. Of the 3,000 randomly selected persons aged 18–75 years, 653 (22 %) participated in this cross-sectional postal questionnaire study in 2009. The results showed that the association between religiousness and social support differed by age, and was moderated by gender and by one’s view of life enrichment. Among older adults (60–75 years), non-religious people reported higher levels on all five dimensions of social support compared to religious people, and for affectionate support, positive social interaction and tangible support this relationship depended on high view of life enrichment. In contrast, no differences in social support were seen among middle aged adults (40–59 years). Gender differences in social support were found in the younger adults (18–39 years), as religious men reported more tangible and emotional support compared to non-religious men, while the opposite was found for women. Results are discussed based on previous empirical findings on religiousness and social support, as well as the role of religiousness in society