Land take and value capture : towards more efficient land use

The paper aims to explore the possibilities to enhance the efficiency of land use, considering the evolution of land take (LT), and proposes the use of public value capture (PVC) instruments in selected differently experienced countries. This answers two fundamental questions. How is the concept of LT positioned in relation to the environmental policy of Europe? Which PVC instruments could stimulate more efficient land use? The aim of this article is to identify which tools can guide the transformations of the urban environment by promoting more efficient land use. These tools have been identified in the mechanisms for capturing value as they can pursue the goal of a more attractive net LT. For these reasons, the article initially analyses the spread of the problem of land consumption, at a European level, showing how this phenomenon is very diversified not only between individual states, but also within each nation. In addition, the knowledge system to define the main initiatives and actions aimed at orienting urban development in the direction of reducing land consumption is highlighted. Subsequently, the theoretical framework concerning the issues relating to the capture of public value in urban planning operations is illustrated. The case studies representing the various European contexts are then introduced, and for each case the dynamics of urban development were analysed. It has been done in relation to the evolution of the regulatory apparatus of territorial governance and its transformations. On the basis of this analysis, indicators have been defined. Their goal is to allow comparing the results that emerged from the case study analysis, which would otherwise have been inconsistent. In this way, it is possible to demonstrate how land use is more efficient in countries where PVC tools are used systemically and how these tools make it easier to guide urban transformations in line with the principles of sustainable development.This article is based upon work from COST Action 17125, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology).peer-reviewe

Fostering architecture efficiency through urban quality. A project for via Milano site in Brescia

The topic of the enhancement of historical centers is taking importance in contemporary planning due of different reasons. The main ones are the will to empower the efficiency of older houses under the energetic point of view, but also, as it is shown by the recent tragic seismic facts, to increase the capability of ancient buildings to reach higher performances creating a safer place for people. The protection of historical areas of cities involved not only monuments and constrained architectures, it concerns also civil houses and open spaces because there is the will to promote historical sites ensuring the achievement of high standards of life and performances. The goal is to make historical sites resilient, to ensure the architectural heritage to respond to external stresses such as the one linked to climate change, the increase of touristic flows or seismic events. Enhancing historical parts of cities ensure to maintain the features that characterize most urban landscapes. This allows to create better places for citizens and to promote new touristic sectors. The paper considers the case study of the city of Brescia, a middle-sized city, in the north of Italy, which has been interested by an urban regeneration process involving especially a suburban neighborhood. A process that has begun in 2016 in Brescia and it is still in development, with firsts consequences on the physical and social matrix of the area

Land Use Efficiency and Value Capture

This article aims to relate intrinsic aspects of urban planning that are becoming increasingly important both within the international scientific debate and within urban planning tools. These aspects are land consumption and land value capture. Their centrality is given by the growing importance that in recent years have assumed the aspects related to the sustainable development of settlements. This article aims to summarize the main theories regarding the relationship between the efficiency of land use and the policies of capturing public value. The reference scenario is dictated by sustainable development policies that, if contextualized in the sphere of urban development, imply a rational use of resources to ensure the formation of resilient, safe, and inclusive settlements. This aspect introduces the existing link between urban form and sustainability. It is therefore understood how the achievement of the targets set at the international level are implemented in local urban policies. For this reason, many scholars have argued that the challenge of adapting to new pressures, such as climate change, necessarily means creating efficient urban settlements. The question becomes: which land use can be considered more efficient than the others? This article intends to answer this question by investigating the main theories that have tried to define the mechanisms and methods of comparison of different urban development scenarios. The article goes on to reconstruct the steps that have helped to evaluate urban development according to purely fiscal aspects up to the introduction of qualitative aspects related to public value. To do so, it analyzes the terms and tools related to the concepts of public value and the capture of public value and attempts to synthesize the main theories and research in the sector

Land Use Efficiency and Value Capture

This article aims to relate intrinsic aspects of urban planning that are becoming increasingly important both within the international scientific debate and within urban planning tools. These aspects are land consumption and land value capture. Their centrality is given by the growing importance that in recent years have assumed the aspects related to the sustainable development of settlements. This article aims to summarize the main theories regarding the relationship between the efficiency of land use and the policies of capturing public value. The reference scenario is dictated by sustainable development policies that, if contextualized in the sphere of urban development, imply a rational use of resources to ensure the formation of resilient, safe, and inclusive settlements. This aspect introduces the existing link between urban form and sustainability. It is therefore understood how the achievement of the targets set at the international level are implemented in local urban policies. For this reason, many scholars have argued that the challenge of adapting to new pressures, such as climate change, necessarily means creating efficient urban settlements. The question becomes: which land use can be considered more efficient than the others? This article intends to answer this question by investigating the main theories that have tried to define the mechanisms and methods of comparison of different urban development scenarios. The article goes on to reconstruct the steps that have helped to evaluate urban development according to purely fiscal aspects up to the introduction of qualitative aspects related to public value. To do so, it analyzes the terms and tools related to the concepts of public value and the capture of public value and attempts to synthesize the main theories and research in the sector

Enhance the historical city with new technologies

In 2016 the Municipality of Brescia approved the new Urban Plan of the City in which importance was given to the enhancement of cultural heritage. The aim of the Plan is to draw a guideline for sustainable development for the territory and in the urban center this idea was translated into a maintenance program for the protection of historical heritage. The program concerns two aspects: historical buildings and open spaces; this because importance was given to the urban core as a single entity composed by monuments and large squares but also to other types of assets that are important to maintain the identity of the ancient city. The paper illustrates a work done by the authors, which consisted in setting up a methodology aimed at building a database with GIS software. The starting point was the construction of the cognitive framework, collecting data about buildings, open spaces and people, which were put inside the database. With the GIS software it was feasible to highlight these data into specifi c maps. Then a webmap application, available also on smartphones and tablets, was created with a double value: the fi rst is that it allows to manage all the information about the urban core and, on the other side, it can be used as a guide map during the visit of the site. So, a support tool for the urban plan was provided, to promote the potentiality of the site and to create the conditions for its sustainable development. The paper goal is to explain the method devised and employed and to show its possible future applications considering that the Municipality of Brescia is carrying out many projects in the way of recovering historical buildings and increasing the cultural and tourist attraction of the city

I Programmi Straordinari di Ricostruzione nel post sisma dell’Italia centrale

The territory of Central Italy was hit hard by the 2016 earthquake. This earthquake was more intense than the L'Aquila earthquake in 2009, in therms of magnitude and extension of the affected area. After the damage assessment, the government introduces specifically Reconstruction Program into the builting back process, planning and coordinating activities for reconstruction actions. Contribution focuses on the research activity developed in inner areas of Marche region, central Italy