459 research outputs found
Photoinduced inverse spin Hall effect in Pt/Ge(001) at room temperature
We performed photoinduced inverse spin Hall effect (ISHE) measurements on a
Pt/Ge(001) junction at room temperature. The spin-oriented electrons,
photogenerated at the direct gap of Ge using circularly polarized light,
provide a net spin current which yields an electromotive field E_ISHE in the Pt
layer. Such a signal is clearly detected at room temperature despite the strong
{\Gamma} to L scattering which electrons undergo in the Ge conduction band. The
ISHE signal dependence on the exciting photon energy is in good agreement with
the electron spin polarization expected for optical orientation at the direct
gap of Ge
Coracoid syndrome: a neglected cause of anterior shoulder pain.
none3Gigante, A; Bottegoni, C; Barbadoro, P2.Gigante, ANTONIO POMPILIO; Bottegoni, Carlo; Barbadoro, Pamel
Infinitesimal braidings and pre-Cartier bialgebras
We propose an infinitesimal counterpart to the notion of braided category.
The corresponding infinitesimal braidings are natural transformations which are
compatible with an underlying braided monoidal structure in the sense that they
constitute a first-order deformation of the braiding. This extends previously
considered infinitesimal symmetric or Cartier categories, where involutivity of
the braiding and an additional commutativity of the infinitesimal braiding with
the symmetry are required. The generalized pre-Cartier framework is then
elaborated in detail for the categories of (co)quasitriangular bialgebra
(co)modules and we characterize the resulting infinitesimal
-matrices (resp. -forms) on the bialgebra. It is
proven that the latter are Hochschild -cocycles and that they satisfy an
infinitesimal quantum Yang-Baxter equation, while they are Hochschild
-coboundaries under the Cartier (co)triangular assumption in the presence of
an antipode. We provide explicit examples of infinitesimal braidings,
particularly on quantum -matrices, , Sweedler's
Hopf algebra and via Drinfel'd twist deformation. As conceptual tools to
produce examples of infinitesimal braidings we prove an infinitesimal version
of the FRT construction and we provide a Tannaka-Krein reconstruction theorem
for pre-Cartier coquasitriangular bialgebras. We comment on the deformation of
infinitesimal braidings and construct a quasitriangular structure on formal
power series of Sweedler's Hopf algebra.Comment: 38 page
Systematic Exploitation of Multiple Receptor Conformations for Virtual Ligand Screening
The role of virtual ligand screening in modern drug discovery is to mine
large chemical collections and to prioritize for experimental testing a
comparatively small and diverse set of compounds with expected activity
against a target. Several studies have pointed out that the performance of
virtual ligand screening can be improved by taking into account receptor
flexibility. Here, we systematically assess how multiple crystallographic
receptor conformations, a powerful way of discretely representing protein
plasticity, can be exploited in screening protocols to separate binders from
non-binders. Our analyses encompass 36 targets of pharmaceutical relevance
and are based on actual molecules with reported activity against those
targets. The results suggest that an ensemble receptor-based protocol
displays a stronger discriminating power between active and inactive
molecules as compared to its standard single rigid receptor counterpart.
Moreover, such a protocol can be engineered not only to enrich a higher
number of active compounds, but also to enhance their chemical diversity.
Finally, some clear indications can be gathered on how to select a subset of
receptor conformations that is most likely to provide the best performance
in a real life scenario
Optical spin injection and spin lifetime in Ge heterostructures
We demonstrate optical orientation in Ge/SiGe quantum wells and study their
spin properties. The ultrafast electron transfer from the center of the
Brillouin zone to its edge allows us to achieve high spin-polarization
efficiencies and to resolve the spin dynamics of holes and electrons. The
circular polarization degree of the direct-gap photoluminescence exceeds the
theoretical bulk limit, yielding ~37% and ~85% for transitions with heavy and
light holes states, respectively. The spin lifetime of holes at the top of the
valence band is found to be ~0.5 ps and it is governed by transitions between
heavy and light hole states. Electrons at the bottom of the conduction band, on
the other hand, have a spin lifetime that exceeds 5 ns below 150 K. Theoretical
analysis of the electrons spin relaxation indicates that phonon-induced
intervalley scattering dictates the spin lifetime.Comment: 5 pages, 3 figure
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