On the singular values and eigenvalues of the Fox–Li and related operators

The Fox–Li operator is a convolution operator over a finite interval with a special highly oscillatory kernel. It plays an important role in laser engineering. However, the mathematical analysis of its spectrum is still rather incomplete. In this expository paper we survey part of the state of the art, and our emphasis is on showing how standard Wiener–Hopf theory can be used to obtain insight into the behaviour of the singular values of the Fox–Li operator. In addition, several approximations to the spectrum of the Fox–Li operator are discussed and results on the singular values and eigenvalues of certain related operators are derived

FORMULAÇÕES DE GLUFOSINATE NA DESSECAÇÃO PRÉ-COLHEITA DA SOJA

Considering the effectiveness of glufosinate in the pre-harvest desiccation of soybeans, but with little comparative information between the formulations of this herbicide, the objective of this study was to evaluate commercial products based on glufosinate in the pre-harvest desiccation of soybeans. The experiment was carried out in Palotina, Paraná state (PR), Brazil, 2020-2021 crop season. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments were composed by the application, in the pre-harvest soybean desiccation, of the glufosinate formulations (400 g ai ha-1): Finale®, Gamonium®, Off Road®, Patrol® SL, Fascinate® BR, Trunfo®, in addition to of the control without application. The percentage of defoliation and maturation (focused on the evaluation of pods), grain moisture and yield were evaluated. No differences were observed between the glufosinate formulations in the defoliation and maturation of the pods of soybean plants, in the application in pre-harvest desiccation. However, further studies are needed so that any differences in performance between glufosinate formulations can be better characterized. None of the glufosinate formulations differed from the control without application in yield, and all reduced grain moisture without differences between them. This indicates the feasibility of applying glufosinate in R7.2, as a pre-harvest desiccation management of soybeans.Haja vista a eficácia do glufosinate na dessecação pré-colheita da soja, mas com poucas informações comparativas entre as formulações deste herbicida, objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar produtos comerciais à base de glufosinate na dessecação pré-colheita da soja. O experimento foi conduzido no campo em Palotina, estado do Paraná (PR), Brasil, safra 2020-2021. Foi utilizado delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram compostos pela aplicação, na dessecação pré-colheita da soja, das formulações de glufosinate (400 g i.a. ha-1): Finale®, Gamonium®, Off Road®, Patrol® SL, Fascinate® BR, Trunfo®, além da testemunha sem aplicação. Foi avaliado o percentual de desfolha e maturação (focada na avaliação das vagens) da soja aos 3, 5 e 7 dias após a aplicação, umidade de grãos e produtividade. Não foram observadas diferenças entre as formulações de glufosinate na desfolha e maturação das vagens das plantas de soja, na aplicação em dessecação pré-colheita. Além disso, nenhuma das formulações de glufosinate diferiu da testemunha sem aplicação em produtividade, e todas reduziram a umidade dos grãos sem diferenças entre elas. Isso, indica a viabilidade da aplicação de glufosinate em R7.2, como manejo em dessecação pré-colheita da soja. Palavras-chave: desfolha; maturação; produtividade; herbicida; dessecante.   Glufosinate formulations in soybean pre-harvest desiccation   ABSTRACT: Considering the effectiveness of glufosinate in the pre-harvest desiccation of soybeans, but with little comparative information between the formulations of this herbicide, the objective of this study was to evaluate commercial products based on glufosinate in the pre-harvest desiccation of soybeans. The experiment was carried out at field in Palotina, Paraná state (PR), Brazil, 2020-2021 crop season. A randomized block design with four replications was used. The treatments were composed by the application, in the pre-harvest soybean desiccation, of the glufosinate formulations (400 g ai ha-1): Finale®, Gamonium®, Off Road®, Patrol® SL, Fascinate® BR, Trunfo®, in addition to of the control without application. The percentage of defoliation and maturation (focused on the evaluation of pods) of soybean at 3, 5 and 7 days after application, grain moisture and yield were evaluated. No differences were observed between the glufosinate formulations in the defoliation and maturation of the pods of soybean plants, in the application in pre-harvest desiccation. Furthermore, none of the glufosinate formulations differed from the control without application in yield, and all reduced grain moisture without differences between them. This indicates the feasibility of applying glufosinate in R7.2, as a pre-harvest desiccation management of soybeans. Keywords: defoliation; maturation; yield; herbicide; desiccant

TXS 0506+056 with Updated IceCube Data

Past results from the IceCube Collaboration have suggested that the blazar TXS 0506+056 is a potential source of astrophysical neutrinos. However, in the years since there have been numerous updates to event processing and reconstruction, as well as improvements to the statistical methods used to search for astrophysical neutrino sources. These improvements in combination with additional years of data have resulted in the identification of NGC 1068 as a second neutrino source candidate. This talk will re-examine time-dependent neutrino emission from TXS 0506+056 using the most recent northern-sky data sample that was used in the analysis of NGC 1068. The results of using this updated data sample to obtain a significance and flux fit for the 2014 TXS 0506+056 "untriggered" neutrino flare are reported

Galactic Core-Collapse Supernovae at IceCube: “Fire Drill” Data Challenges and follow-up

The next Galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) presents a once-in-a-lifetime opportunity to make astrophysical measurements using neutrinos, gravitational waves, and electromagnetic radiation. CCSNe local to the Milky Way are extremely rare, so it is paramount that detectors are prepared to observe the signal when it arrives. The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, a gigaton water Cherenkov detector below the South Pole, is sensitive to the burst of neutrinos released by a Galactic CCSN at a level >10σ. This burst of neutrinos precedes optical emission by hours to days, enabling neutrinos to serve as an early warning for follow-up observation. IceCube\u27s detection capabilities make it a cornerstone of the global network of neutrino detectors monitoring for Galactic CCSNe, the SuperNova Early Warning System (SNEWS 2.0). In this contribution, we describe IceCube\u27s sensitivity to Galactic CCSNe and strategies for operational readiness, including "fire drill" data challenges. We also discuss coordination with SNEWS 2.0

All-Energy Search for Solar Atmospheric Neutrinos with IceCube

The interaction of cosmic rays with the solar atmosphere generates a secondary flux of mesons that decay into photons and neutrinos – the so-called solar atmospheric flux. Although the gamma-ray component of this flux has been observed in Fermi-LAT and HAWC Observatory data, the neutrino component remains undetected. The energy distribution of those neutrinos follows a soft spectrum that extends from the GeV to the multi-TeV range, making large Cherenkov neutrino telescopes a suitable for probing this flux. In this contribution, we will discuss current progress of a search for the solar neutrino flux by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory using all available data since 2011. Compared to the previous analysis which considered only high-energy muon neutrino tracks, we will additionally consider events produced by all flavors of neutrinos down to GeV-scale energies. These new events should improve our analysis sensitivity since the flux falls quickly with energy. Determining the magnitude of the neutrino flux is essential, since it is an irreducible background to indirect solar dark matter searches

Recent neutrino oscillation results with the IceCube experiment

The IceCube South Pole Neutrino Observatory is a Cherenkov detector instrumented in a cubic kilometer of ice at the South Pole. IceCube’s primary scientific goal is the detection of TeV neutrino emissions from astrophysical sources. At the lower center of the IceCube array, there is a subdetector called DeepCore, which has a denser configuration that makes it possible to lower the energy threshold of IceCube and observe GeV-scale neutrinos, opening the window to atmospheric neutrino oscillations studies. Advances in physics sensitivity have recently been achieved by employing Convolutional Neural Networks to reconstruct neutrino interactions in the DeepCore detector. In this contribution, the recent IceCube result from the atmospheric muon neutrino disappearance analysis using the CNN-reconstructed neutrino sample are presented and compared to the existing worldwide measurements