Biodegradation of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a Bacterial Consortium Isolated from the Red Sea of Jeddah

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered organic pollutants, which are stable, highly toxic, and carcinogenic. Therefore, it was necessary to find an environmentally friendly way to degrade these compounds and remove them from polluted environments. Water samples polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons were collected from the coast of Jeddah on the Red Sea - Saudi Arabia. The results of the current study showed the ability of bacterial consortium that was enriched from the coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons wastewater, which proved its ability to degrade PAHs in saline conditions. The bacterial union degraded BENZ compound by more than 95% at the concentration of 100 and 250 mg/L, while the degradation of this compound at the concentration of 1000 mg/L was recorded about 83% while the ANT degradation rate was recorded at more than 90% at different concentrations. In addition, this study revealed the ability of bacterial consortium to treat petroleum hydrocarbons wastewater in bioreactor (CSTR) with 92.7% of COD removed under saline conditions. Hence, this study recommends the investment of bacterial consortium in the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons wastewater in marine environments and to remove pollutants from them

Improvement of Phenol and Heavy Metal Removal by Streptomyces Flavabus BA4 Used for Wastewater Treatments

With increasing of modern application of phenolic compound and their use in dettol preparation, discharge of these dangerous materials is stable for long time, too toxic and had a big risk on soil and aquatic microbes. These phenolic wastes cause severe harms to environment, human being and animals health in addition to the whole aquatic life. This study aimed to improve phenol degradation by Streptomyces flavabus BA4 previously isolated from wastewater samples.  This aerobic bacterium was belonged to filamentous bacteria with high activity to metabolize phenol carbon source, thus it can remove it from contaminated soil or wastewater. In liquid medium, growth was assayed as mg dry weight while residual phenol concentration was assayed using a colorimetric method. In minimal broth medium, Streptomyces flavabus BA4 was grown and the effects of different concentrations glucose, temperature, pH value and incubation period on phenol degradation were determined It was clear that addition of 1 g/l peptone enhanced both growth and phenol degradation was detected.  Addition of the electron donor, glucose enhanced growth but decreased phenol degradation at low concentrations (0.0-1.2 g/l). Maximum growth and phenol degradation were recorded at 30◦C in medium with pH 6.5-7 after 7 day of growth. Moreover, this isolate showed resistance to some heavy metal determined specially chromium up to 300 mg/l. Increasing heavy metal concentration decreased growth and dehydrogenates activity.  The removal rates of phenol and some heavy metals per mg dry weight of the selected bacterium were calculated for wastewater sample and were ranged from 97% for chromium to 6% for copper. In conclusion, Streptomyces flavabus BA4  is a promising  phenol degraded bacterium and adjusting some physical and biochemical factors enhancing both growth and removal process. The previous Streptomyces isolate can be used as a promising treatment for removal of phenol and some heavy metals, especially chromium which is a very toxic metal in wastewater

Improvement of Phenol and Heavy Metal Removal by Streptomyces Flavabus BA4 Used for Wastewater Treatments

With increasing of modern application of phenolic compound and their use in dettol preparation, discharge of these dangerous materials is stable for long time, too toxic and had a big risk on soil and aquatic microbes. These phenolic wastes cause severe harms to environment, human being and animals health in addition to the whole aquatic life. This study aimed to improve phenol degradation by Streptomyces flavabus BA4 previously isolated from wastewater samples.  This aerobic bacterium was belonged to filamentous bacteria with high activity to metabolize phenol carbon source, thus it can remove it from contaminated soil or wastewater. In liquid medium, growth was assayed as mg dry weight while residual phenol concentration was assayed using a colorimetric method. In minimal broth medium, Streptomyces flavabus BA4 was grown and the effects of different concentrations glucose, temperature, pH value and incubation period on phenol degradation were determined It was clear that addition of 1 g/l peptone enhanced both growth and phenol degradation was detected.  Addition of the electron donor, glucose enhanced growth but decreased phenol degradation at low concentrations (0.0-1.2 g/l). Maximum growth and phenol degradation were recorded at 30◦C in medium with pH 6.5-7 after 7 day of growth. Moreover, this isolate showed resistance to some heavy metal determined specially chromium up to 300 mg/l. Increasing heavy metal concentration decreased growth and dehydrogenates activity.  The removal rates of phenol and some heavy metals per mg dry weight of the selected bacterium were calculated for wastewater sample and were ranged from 97% for chromium to 6% for copper. In conclusion, Streptomyces flavabus BA4  is a promising  phenol degraded bacterium and adjusting some physical and biochemical factors enhancing both growth and removal process. The previous Streptomyces isolate can be used as a promising treatment for removal of phenol and some heavy metals, especially chromium which is a very toxic metal in wastewater

Biodegradation of Some Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by a Bacterial Consortium Isolated from the Red Sea of Jeddah

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are considered organic pollutants, which are stable, highly toxic, and carcinogenic. Therefore, it was necessary to find an environmentally friendly way to degrade these compounds and remove them from polluted environments. Water samples polluted with petroleum hydrocarbons were collected from the coast of Jeddah on the Red Sea - Saudi Arabia. The results of the current study showed the ability of bacterial consortium that was enriched from the coast of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons wastewater, which proved its ability to degrade PAHs in saline conditions. The bacterial union degraded BENZ compound by more than 95% at the concentration of 100 and 250 mg/L, while the degradation of this compound at the concentration of 1000 mg/L was recorded about 83% while the ANT degradation rate was recorded at more than 90% at different concentrations. In addition, this study revealed the ability of bacterial consortium to treat petroleum hydrocarbons wastewater in bioreactor (CSTR) with 92.7% of COD removed under saline conditions. Hence, this study recommends the investment of bacterial consortium in the treatment of petroleum hydrocarbons wastewater in marine environments and to remove pollutants from them

Impacts of Dietary Selenium Nanoparticles from <i>Spirulina platensis</i> on Growth Performance, Physio-Biochemical Components and Alleviating Effect against Cadmium Toxicity in Pacific White Shrimp <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>

Shrimp culture is quite important and popular across the world. This study aimed to evaluate the growth-promoting potential of synthesized selenium nanoparticles from Spirulina platensis extract (SP-SeNPs) as a food source for Pacific whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). However, pollution is considered a significant element affecting shrimp health and development. The effectiveness of SP-SeNPs in alleviating the negative effects of cadmium toxicity was also evaluated. Firstly, the shrimps (about 120 individuals with 6.0 ± 0.12 g of initial weight) were divided randomly into four groups in triplicates (30 shrimps/ treatment). The control group (SP-SeNPs—0 mg/kg diet) and three treatments were fed dietary SP-SeNPs (0.250, 0.50, and 1.0 mg/kg diet) for 56 days. Growth performance, digestive enzymes activities (protease, amylase, and lipase), and other biochemical components (total protein, lipid, amino acids, and carbohydrate) were evaluated. After 56 days of growth, another 150 adult shrimps were used under laboratory conditions to determine median lethal concentration of cadmium (96 h LC50), and 30 individuals were treated with cadmium (1/2 of LC50, 0.2 mg L−1) for 10 days only. Tissue samples were collected for measuring catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, cadmium bioaccumulation, and histopathological investigation. The results illustrated that the application of SP-SeNPs as feed additives at varying levels significantly improved growth performance (high weight gain, specific growth rate, and low feed conversion rates) relative to the control group. Furthermore, dietary SP-SeNPs enhanced digestive enzyme activities and the concentrations of biochemical components more than the control group. Upon concurrent exposure to cadmium, the antioxidative status was significantly enhanced, and histopathological alterations were mitigated. In conclusion, this study recommended supplementation of SP-SeNPs at 0.50 mg/kg diet to enhance optimal growth rate, digestive enzyme activities, levels of antioxidants in Litopenaeus vannamei, and mitigate the pathological alternations induced with Cd toxicity

Impacts of Supplementing Broiler Diets with Biological Curcumin, Zinc Nanoparticles and Bacillus licheniformis on Growth, Carcass Traits, Blood Indices, Meat Quality and Cecal Microbial Load

The current study aimed to investigate the influence of dietary zinc nanoparticles (ZnNPs), curcumin nanoparticles (CurNPs), and Bacillus licheniformis (Bl) on the growth, carcass, blood metabolites, and the count of some cecal microorganisms of Indian River (IR) broilers. Chicks were allotted into seven experimental groups: control group, 1st, 2nd and 3rd groups were given diets enriched with ZnNPs, CurNPs and Bl (3.0, 5.0 and 2.0 cm3/kg diet, respectively). The 4th, 5th and 6th groups were given diets supplemented with ZnNPs (3.0) + Bl (2.0) (ZP); ZnNPs (3.0) + CurNPs (5.0) (ZC) and ZnNPs (3.0) + CurNPs (5.0) + Bl (2.0) (ZCP) cm3/kg diet, respectively. The results revealed that ZnNPs and CurNPs exhibited a considerable antimicrobial activity against pathogenic bacteria and fungi. They also inhibited the growth of microbes in a range of 50–95 µg/mL. The diet supplemented with ZnNPs, CurNPs, and Bl increased the body weight compared to the control after five weeks of age. Additionally, values of daily feed intake increased in these groups; however, the feed conversion ratio decreased. All values of carcass traits were better than that of the control. The treatments led to decreased abdominal lipids compared to the control. The activity of liver enzymes and malondialdehyde (MDA) activity decreased in the treated groups. In a converse trend, the levels of oxidative enzymes, amylase, protease, lipase and immunoglobulin were higher than that of the control. Meat quality properties were improved and cecal microbial counts were decreased. In conclusion, the ZnNPs, CurNPs, and Bl improved the broiler’s weights, carcass traits, meat quality traits, as well as some blood indices and cecal microbial load. Therefore, the inclusion of ZnNPs, CurNPs, or Bl is recommended for broiler feeding regimens to improve the performance and health status