The Contribution of Local Muslim Scholars to the Development of Indonesia’s Education

Abstract Education is an urgent matter in every culture and civilization. With education, mankind can change themselves and their civilization. The same is true for the process of spreading Islam in Indonesia. Since Islam was first introduced in Indonesia, its spreading has been inseparable from people’s daily lives, including the building and shaping of the education sector (Rochmawati et al., 2018; Vickers, 2013; Hasan, 2009). Java Island is one of Indonesia’s regions with a wider history of Islamic education (Ricklefs, 2012; Woodward, 2010). In the present manuscript, the author examines the contribution of Muslim scholars in developing Indonesia’s modern education. Data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. The mediator and social agency method has been used to facilitate the investigation. The author conducted a structural study that reconstructs historical events and occurrences regarding educational development and transformation in the country. The study’s findings are based on the question, “What is the contribution of Muslim Scholars in the development of Indonesia’s modern education, and how is the education process on Java Island? This question laid the foundation for this study, and it helps to understand the functions of local Muslim scholars in the development of education between the 19th and 20th centuries in the Indonesian archipelago. The findings show that the characteristics of Muslim scholars’ movements regarding education on Java Island consist of mainly two stages. Firstly, education is conducted at mosques, which later developed into Islamic schools classified as madrasahs and pesantren (Azra, 2018). In the second stage, education efforts are converted from its form of Islamic schools into Islamic organizations, leading to the establishment of several educational institutions and public schools, ranging from kindergarten to higher education (Daulay & Tobroni, 2017; Azra, 2015). Finally, it concludes that Indonesia’s education developed in stages, from education at mosques and small community gatherings in residences of Muslim scholars to Islamic schools. Finally, Islamic organizations were formed to develop today’s public education system

THEOLOGICAL MODERATION IN THE ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL (PESANTREN): PHENOMENOLOGICAL PROPHETIC SOCIAL STUDY IN PESANTREN IN EAST JAVA

This article examines the construction of the religious moderation in pesantren which emphasizes the values framework that underlies it. Therefore, this research focused on the basic framework of theological normative values of the religious moderation in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) in East Java. Based on this focus, this research emphasized a qualitative approach with a phenomenological type. The findings of this research review that the religious moderation built by the pesantren is based on divine awareness. Reasonably that their attitudes and actions continue to represent religious-spiritual values. Therefore, every dimension of their life is inseparable from Qur'anic ethics, including religious views, attitudes and actions. This is what the researcher termed aas  theological moderation. The implication is not only to dynamize religious life in a society with various movements and beliefs but also to empower rationality (reason) in the pesantren, so that the educational system in the pesantren is also influenced by this religious moderation.   Keywords: Islamic Education, Moderation, and Phenomenology &nbsp

OTORITAS DAN GERAKAN KEAGAMAAN DAENGGURU: STUDI SEJARAH ISLAMISASI DI SULAWESI SELATAN

Abstract This paper is about the Islamization movement of the kingdoms in South Sulawesi, sointegrated sara 'is into a social institution called pangadereng (Bugis) angadakkang (Makassar). To ensure the upholding of Islamic law, which has been integrated into the social system, a religious bureaucracy (Islam) known aswas formed sara '. The royal bureaucratic officials who handle this institution, from the central level to the village or village level are called parewa sara ', which in this study uses the term daengguru. This integration pattern was developed in almost all Islamic kingdoms in South Sulawesi. Adat has its own field and sharia controls its own field. One another should not disturb each other. When the King of Bone La Maddarremmeng was about to confront Islam and customs, he was opposed by all parties. When Arung Matowa Wajo declared a strong Islamization, he was also evicted from his position

ISLAMIZATION AND DEVELOPMENT BY TRADITIONAL MUSLIM SCHOLARS DURING THE 20TH CENTURY: THE CASE OF THE BUGIS MAKASSAR COMMUNITY OF SOUTH SULAWESI IN INDONESIA

ABSTRACT This study aims at revealing the role of traditional Muslim scholars in the development of South Sulawesi in Indonesia. To answer the research questions concerning Islamization and the role of Muslim scholars, the concept of a mediator is developed. Mediators are individuals or groups of individuals that hold the position of mediating or connecting the community members with the larger system of society. In this study, the position of a mediator refers to the traditional or local Muslim scholars. To complete the implementation of the concept, the study also uses the concept of social agency, i.e.: individual or autonomous groups that exist in or belong to the society with power, authority, and influence to serve as actors that manage and control change and transformation in the society. The data used in this study is secondary data. The findings show that the Islamization process that occurred in the Bugis-Makassar community can be categorised into six stages: 1. The arrival of Sayid al-Husaini as the moment of the initial to the introduction of Islam; 2. Introduction of Islam through Muslim merchants and the wanderers of the Bugis from Makassar; 3. Islamization of the kingdom of Gowa and other local kingdoms; 4. The development of socio-cultural tradition, i.e.: integration of sarak into pangadereng; 5. The development of socio-political tradition, i.e.: integration of parewa sarak within the power structure; and 6. The development of scientific tradition, i.e.: appatareka’ and mangngaji kitta. This leads to an interpretation and a conclusion that Islam, as a perfect religion, offers guidance to rules required in all aspects of human life

IMPLEMENTATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION EDUCATION FOR SANTRI AT THE MIFTAHUL ULUM SUREN ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL KALISAT JEMBER EAST JAVA

Abstract Today's religious moderation is an interesting topic in the interaction and relations of modern society. The emergence of a group or individual actions that are intolerant and disrespectful of other people or groups in physical or verbal treatment is a serious problem in religious moderation. This study aims to explain and describe the implementation of religious moderation education in Islamic boarding school Miftahul Ulum Suren Jember which has a positive influence in forming a safe, dynamic, and conducive community structure. The type of this research was qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The participants in this study were 7 people including clerics and students who meet the predetermined research criteria. Data were collected through interviews and observations using interview and observation instruments. The data analysis technique used in this research was the reduction, presentation, and interpretation of the data. The study’s findings showed that in the implementation of religious moderation education at the Miftahul Ulum Islamic boarding school, there are two important themes which are the concept of religious moderation education and the obstacles and supports in its application. The value of mutual respect and tolerance is the main concept that is taught. Group fanaticism and culturing of figures are negative values that need to be eliminated in religious moderation education. Constraints and obstacles in applying religious moderation education in Islamic boarding schools include the regeneration of Kiai who have equal knowledge to continue the existence of the pesantren. The implication of this religious moderation education has a positive impact in constructing the society’s knowledge and culture. This research still has many limitations both in terms of themes and studies and research implementation techniques. In the future, further research can enrich and strengthen the results of this previous research

Teacher’s Communication Model in Learning Islamic Education for Autism Children

The communication model in the education process is the main thing—no exception in education for children who experience psychological difficulties such as children. The material, methods, and learning media needed are supported by a useful communication model to help the progress of religious education for autistic children. This study uses teacher communication methods in learning Islamic Religious Education (PAI). Data collection uses interviews with the support of documentation in the form of photos, videos, and event support during field monitoring. Relevant research results in the study show that the communication model applied in the teaching of Islamic religion in special autistic school children, Bina Anggita Yogyakarta, uses two models: 1 (one) Direction and 2 (two) Directions. One-way communication is used for children whose verbal ability has not yet appeared. While 2-Way communication is used for autistic children who are able to communicate verbally. Strategies in learning use the concept of one teacher, one child. While education is done using the ABA and PECS methods. This method is useful in training and training students in expressing their desires. Based on the findings in this study, the communication model applied in special autism children development schools can be used as a learning model in other schools that manage autistic children

Developing a Modular Material-Based Independent Training Model for Primary School Teacher Training

Abstract This study is based on the challenges related to the low quality ofe.lucation in Indonesia, One of the reasons for these challenges is the low ability of teachers to conduct professional tasks. Future demands for teachers' professionalization till be higher, consideing the rapid development ol sociery, sciqtce and technology and current global competitiveness. In aspiring for improved quality education in the future, effons are needed to optimize teachers' professional development, particularly for primary school teachers, through continuous and comprehensiye education and training with broader access. Basing on this, the present paper analyzes a model and material of education and training programs which is believed to improye teacher's competence on broader scope and ensures quality training outcomes. The research method study used was research and development. It has been used depending on the objectives to be achieved, which included developing a training model aimed at improving the mastery of cognitive abilities in the pedagogical competence of elementary school teachers. The preliminary study indicates that the implementation of the existing teacher education and training program is sufficient. However, further improvements are needed to reqch a broader scope. Teachers' perceptions concerning their mastery of competencies required to perform their professional tasks indicated weaknesses regarding several aspects of the pedagogic and profesional competencies. This exists because the of education and training teachers undergone which varies: yet, some teacher's still have not had the oppornunity to attain sufficient education and training. Identifiying the needs of primary school teachers training and education program highlights the importance of developing a training and education model vhich optimizes modular material-based independent learning

The Mainstreaming Womenrs Empowerment in Gender Islamic Boarding School

Abstract This research conducts the religious-based gender framework within the Islamic boarding school education system. A qualitative study was conducted in the site of Pesantren Nurul Islam Antirogo, Pesantren al-Falah Karangharjo Jember, and Pesantren an-Nuqoyyah GulukGuluk Sumenep. The data were collected by documentary study, interview, observation, and an open-ended questionnaire. This research found that the Islamic boarding schools carried out reconstruction through theological-philosophical awareness that was designed from the dialogic process of re-interpretative religious normative texts with reality. The emergence of this awareness led the Islamic boarding school to direct their education system to feel egalitarian, non-discriminatory, and non-subordinate towards women inside and outside the Islamic boarding school. The axiology of the Islamic boarding school education system leads to the normative value of humanitarian unity. The reason for the realization of an education system based on human values that is non-violent in the cultural, social, or even religious domains