50 research outputs found
Lâauto-archivage en France : deux exemples de politiques diffĂ©rentes et leurs rĂ©sultats
In France, the first Institutional Repositories (IRs) were set up in 2002, using the E-Prints software. At the same time, a centralized repository was organized by CNRS, a French multidisciplinary research institute, for the deposit of all French research output. In 2006, most of the French scientific and scholarly research organisations signed a âProtocol of Agreementâ to collaborate in the development of this national archive, HAL. Independently, the Ifremer Research Institute launched its own IR (Archimer) in 2005. We have compared the development of HAL and Archimer. Our results show that Ifremerâs policy of self-archiving has resulted in 80% of its research output being made Open Access (OA). In the same time interval, HAL, lacking a self-archiving mandate, had only 10% of its target research output deposited. Ifremerâs specific implementation of its mandate (a staff dedicated to self-archiving) is probably not affordable for most French research institutions but its self-archiving mandate itself is, and Arthur Saleâs comparative studies in Australia have shown that the essential element is the mandate itself. The European Universities Association, mindful of the benefits of mandating OA, has recommended self-archiving mandates for its 791 universities. Self-archiving mandates have already been adopted by 22 universities and research institutions worldwide (including Harvard, Southampton, CERN, and one CNRS research laboratory) as well as 22 research funding agencies (including NIH, ERC, & RCUK). OA maximizes research usage and impact. It is time for each of the universities and research institutions of France to adopt their own OA self-archiving mandates
Mise en service d'une archive numérique. [Launching a digital archive]
Second workshop on the Open Archives Initiative:âGaining Independence with online research repositoriesâ.17-19 October 2002 CERN/GenevaCreating an open archive does not involve any significant technical or financial problems. Nevertheless, the growth of the open access movement in the French-speaking university community is still too slow. The present focus group shared its experiences, analyzed the main obstacles, and made several proposals.La mise en place d'une archive ouverte ne pose pas de gros problĂšmes techniques ou financiers. Toutefois le dĂ©veloppement de ce mouvement dans le monde universitaire francophone reste trop lent. Le groupe a mis en commun ses expĂ©riences, a analysĂ© les principaux obstacles et fait quelques propositions
O acesso livre na França em 2012: Entre imobilismo e inovação
Ten years after the Budapest Open Access Initiative, we have examined the current situation of Open Access in France via the two open access (OA) roads: the Green (self-archiving) and the Gold (OA publishing). HAL, a central multidisciplinary French archive launched in 2002, is recognized for its technical quality, but 10 years after its creation it only includes 10 to 15% of the annual French scientific output. This figure is similar to other repositories worldwide for which there is no mandatory policy (no mandate). On the other hand, archives such as that of LiĂšge University which has a mandate, achieved an 80% deposit rate within two years. Other than HAL, a number of institutional archives are being developed in France, with Archimer and OATAO being two successful examples, thanks to dedicated library staff. In order to support the editorial offer in open access the Centre pour l'Ădition Ă©lectronique Ouverte (CLEO) recently launched the Open Edition Freemium. This initiative should favor the development of OA periodicals. However, the study based on the list of qualifying periodicals in Human and Social Sciences, shows that researchers are not encouraged to publish in these periodicals by national assessment bodies; very few French open access periodicals are on the different qualifying lists of the agence d'Ă©valuation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supĂ©rieur (AERES - French research and higher education assessment agency). In addition, a wide disparity can be observed between disciplines. Different examples of strong policies in favor of OA are given: at the university level, as at LiĂšge university, at the level of foundations, as at FRS-FNRS in Belgium, at the level of the Europe or at the legislative level, as attempted in the USA or Brazil or Argentina. In France the two roads are supported by interesting initiatives and these should be accompanied by strong French government policy to enable the benefits of open access to be rapidly reaped.Pour faire l'Ă©tat des lieux du libre accĂšs (LA) en France en 2012, dix ans aprĂšs la Budapest Open Access Initiative, nous avons examinĂ© les deux voies : la voie verte (l'auto-archivage) et la voie dorĂ©e (publications dans les revues en LA). L'archive centrale multidisciplinaire HAL, crĂ©Ă©e en 2002 pour recevoir les publications scientifiques au niveau national, est reconnue pour sa qualitĂ© technique, mais elle ne propose que 10% Ă 15 % de la production scientifique annuelle française. Ce chiffre est Ă l'image de ce qu'offrent toutes les autres archives dans le monde oĂč il n'y a pas d'obligation de dĂ©poser (pas de mandat). Les archives qui ont un mandat comme celle de l'universitĂ© de LiĂšge, ont atteint un taux de 80% en deux ans. Quelques archives institutionnelles se sont dĂ©veloppĂ©es en France parallĂšlement Ă HAL, et deux d'entre elles (Archimer and OATAO) ont un bon taux de remplissage, grĂące Ă l'implication d'un personnel dĂ©diĂ©. Pour soutenir les offres Ă©ditoriales en libre accĂšs le Centre pour l'Ădition Ă©lectronique Ouverte (CLEO) a rĂ©cemment mis en place OpenEdition Freemium. Cette initiative pourrait favoriser le dĂ©veloppement des revues en LA. Cependant, l'Ă©tude faite Ă partir des revues qualifiantes en Sciences Humaines et Sociales montre que les chercheurs sont peu encouragĂ©s Ă publier dans ces revues par les instances d'Ă©valuation : peu de revues en libre accĂšs françaises sont prĂ©sentes dans les listes des revues qualifiantes de l'agence d'Ă©valuation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supĂ©rieur (AERES). On note aussi une forte disparitĂ© entre les disciplines. DiffĂ©rents exemples de politique en faveur du libre accĂšs sont donnĂ©s : un politique forte peut ĂȘtre menĂ©e par des universitĂ©s, comme Ă l'universitĂ© de LiĂšge, ou par des bailleurs de fonds, comme le FRS-FNRS en Belgique ou par l'Europe. Elle peut ĂȘtre entreprise au niveau lĂ©gislatif comme aux USA, au BrĂ©sil ou en Argentine. En France les deux voies du libre accĂšs sont tracĂ©es par des initiatives intĂ©ressantes. Le gouvernement français devrait accompagner ces initiatives et devrait s'investir dans une politique forte pour recevoir rapidement les bĂ©nĂ©fices du libre accĂšs.Para verificar como estĂĄ o Acesso Livre (AL) na França em 2012, dez anos apĂłs a Budapest Open Access Initiative, foram examinadas as duas vias: a via verde (auto-arquivamento) e a dourada (publicação em periĂłdicos em AL). O arquivo central multidisciplinar HAL, criado em 2002 para receber publicaçÔes cientĂficas em nĂvel nacional, Ă© reconhecido por sua qualidade tĂ©cnica, mas ele apresenta apenas 10% a 15% da produção cientĂfica francesa anual. Este nĂșmero espelha o que oferecem todos os outros arquivos no mundo em que nĂŁo hĂĄ obrigação de depĂłsito (ou seja, nĂŁo hĂĄ mandato). Os arquivos com mandato, como o da Universidade de LiĂšge, chegaram a uma taxa de 80% em dois anos. Alguns arquivos institucionais desenvolveram-se paralelamente ao HAL, e dois deles (Archimer et OATAO) mostram um bom Ăndice de preenchimento, graças Ă dedicação das pessoas envolvidas. Para sustentar a oferta editorial em acesso livre, o Centre pour l'Ădition Ă©lectronique Ouverte (CLEO) implementou recentemente o OpenEdition Freemium. Essa iniciativa poderia favorecer o desenvolvimento dos periĂłdicos em AL. No entanto, o estudo feito com os periĂłdicos qualificados em CiĂȘncias Humanas e Sociais mostra que os pesquisadores sĂŁo pouco estimulados a publicar nauqueles periĂłdicos pelas instĂąncias avaliadoras: poucos periĂłdicos franceses em acesso livre estĂŁo presentes nas listas de periĂłdicos qualificados da agence d'Ă©valuation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supĂ©rieur (AERES)[1]. Nota-se tambĂ©m uma grande disparidade entre as disciplinas. SĂŁo fornecidos diversos exemplos de polĂticas de certos paĂses em prol do acesso livre: uma polĂtica robusta pode ser impolementada pelas universidades, como na Universidade de LiĂšge, pelas agĂȘncias de fomento, como o FRS-FNRS na BĂ©lgica e os Research Councils na GrĂŁ Bretanha, e tambĂ©m pode ser empreendida no nĂvel legislativo, como nos Estados Unidos, no Brasil ou na Argentina. Na França, as duas vias do acesso livre sĂŁo traçadas por iniciativas interessantes. O governo francĂȘs deveria acompanhar essas iniciativas e desenvolver uma polĂtica forte para obter rapidamente os benefĂcios do acesso livre
Maximizing and Measuring Research Impact Through University and Research-Funder Open-Access Self-Archiving Mandates.
International audienceSummary: No research institution can afford all the journals its researcers may need, so all articles are losing research impact (usage and citations). Articles that are made âOpen Access,â (OA) by self-archiving them on the web are cited twice as much, but only about 15% of articles are being spontaneously self-archived. The only institutions approaching 100% self-archiving are those that mandate it. Surveys show that 95% of authors will comply with a self-archiving mandate; the actual experience of institutions with mandates has confirmed this. What institutions and funders need to mandate is that (1) immediately upon acceptance for publication (2) the author's final draft must be (3) deposited into the Institutional Repository (IR). Only the depositing needs to be mandated; setting access privileges to the full-text as either OA or CA (Closed Access) can be left up to the author. For articles published in the 62% of journals that have already endorsed self-archiving, access can be set as OA immediately; for the embargoed 38%, all would-be users can have almost-immediate almost-OA to the deposited CA document by using the IR's semi-automatised âemail eprint requestâ button.RĂ©sumĂ© : Aucune institution de recherche ne peut offrir Ă ses chercheurs tous les pĂ©riodiques dont ils peuvent avoir besoin, si bien que tous les articles perdent de leur impact de recherche (usage et citations). Les articles qui sont mis en Libre AccĂšs (LA) par auto-archivage sur le web, sont deux fois plus citĂ©s, mais seulement environ 15% des articles sont spontanĂ©ment auto-archivĂ©s. Les seules institutions qui approchent 100% d'auto-archivage sont celles qui l'exigent. Les enquĂȘtes montrent que 95% des auteurs sont d'accord pour obtempĂ©rer; l'expĂ©rience rĂ©elle des institutions avec un mandat l'a confirmĂ©. Ce que les institutions et les organismes bailleurs de fond doivent exiger est que (1) immĂ©diatement aprĂšs l'acceptation de la publication (2) le dernier Ă©crit de l'auteur soit (3) dĂ©posĂ© dans l'archive institutionnelle. Seul le dĂ©pĂŽt doit ĂȘtre exigĂ©; la mise en place des privilĂšges d'accĂšs au texte intĂ©gral soit en LA, soit en accĂšs clos (AC), peut ĂȘtre laissĂ©e aux auteurs. Pour les articles qui ont Ă©tĂ© publiĂ©s dans les 62% de pĂ©riodiques qui ont dĂ©jĂ donnĂ© leur aval Ă l'auto-archivage, l'accĂšs en LA peut ĂȘtre immĂ©diatement donnĂ©; pour les 38% soumis Ă l'embargo, tous les utilisateurs potentiels peuvent avoir un presque-LA presque-immĂ©diat aux documents en AC en utilisant le bouton semi-automatisĂ© "email eprint request" de l'archive institutionnelle
Quelles politiques de développement durable au Mali et à Madagascar ?
Nous Ă©tudions le processus de transfert politique selon lequel les idĂ©es et valeurs du dĂ©veloppement durable, mĂ»ries et vĂ©hiculĂ©es au niveau international, donnent lieu au niveau national Ă une recomposition des modes publics dâintervention en milieu rural. Au Mali et Ă Madagascar, les politiques de dĂ©veloppement durable recouvrent des expressions diffĂ©rentes. Nous interprĂ©tons ces diffĂ©rences par une analyse comparative des stratĂ©gies des acteurs intervenant dans le jeu politique. Nous montrons que ces stratĂ©gies renvoient Ă des processus historiques. Lâanalyse sur le temps long des processus de construction et de mise en oeuvre des politiques agricoles et rurales dans ces pays permet de mieux comprendre les expressions que revĂȘt aujourdâhui le dĂ©veloppement durable.Ideas and values of "sustainable development" are transferred from the international to the national level in policy-making processes and give way to a reshaping of rural development policies: we study this policy transfer in Mali and Madagascar, two countries where sustainable development policies are quite different. We give an interpretation of these differences through a comparative analysis of strategies of actors involved in policy-making processes. We show that these strategies are related to historical processes. In Mali and Madagascar, the long run analysis of agricultural and rural policy making allows us to reach a better understanding of current sustainable development policies
Services écosystémiques et protection des sols
En droit, le sol nâest pas apprĂ©hendĂ© dans son entiĂšretĂ©, comme un ensemble complexe aux fonctions diverses. DĂšs lors, sa protection demeure lacunaire. RĂ©digĂ© dans le cadre du programme de recherche « Travail du sol, services Ă©cosystĂ©miques et compensation. Aspects agronomiques et juridiques » (Idex T2SEC, UT1 Capitole, IEJUC EA1919), cet ouvrage entend explorer le potentiel apport de la notion de service Ă©cosystĂ©mique Ă la protection des sols. Ă dĂ©faut de protection des sols, objets de propriĂ©tĂ©, la prĂ©servation des services Ă©cosystĂ©miques, utilitĂ© commune du bien, pourrait-elle ĂȘtre prescrite, valorisĂ©e, et selon quelles modalitĂ©s ? Cette Ă©tude interdisciplinaire croise les analyses dâagronomes et de juristes. Les premiers, prenant pour champ dâobservation lâagriculture de conservation, ont procĂ©dĂ© Ă une Ă©tude bibliographique complĂ©tĂ©e par des Ă©tudes de terrain et, Ă partir de ces matĂ©riaux, dressĂ© un inventaire des services Ă©cosystĂ©miques du sol prĂ©servĂ©s ou confortĂ©s par lâagriculture de conservation. Les juristes, confrontĂ©s Ă un Ă©tat de la science moins avancĂ©, ont commencĂ© par identifier les normes relatives Ă la protection des sols, repĂ©rĂ© la notion de service Ă©cosystĂ©mique en droit et proposĂ© une qualification de ces services. Ils ont ensuite analysĂ© certains des instruments qui peuvent intĂ©grer la notion de service et/ou les pratiques de lâagriculture de conservation : le contrat, y compris le bail rural et les contrats liĂ©s Ă lâobligation de compensation, la responsabilitĂ© civile, les aides publiques et la comptabilitĂ© publique. Ce faisant, lâouvrage ne prĂ©tend pas Ă lâexhaustivitĂ© mais entend participer au dialogue interdisciplinaire sur la notion de service Ă©cosystĂ©mique oĂč la voix des juristes est encore peu prĂ©sente
Le droit des chercheurs à mettre leurs résultats de recherche en libre accÚs
Le dĂ©veloppement dâInternet a permis Ă la communautĂ© scientifique de prendre conscience de sondroit: celui de mettre en libre accĂšs ses propres rĂ©sultats de recherche. En 2002, un groupe dechercheurs et Ă©diteurs a lancĂ© la Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI). Il a formulĂ© le concept dulibre accĂšs (LA) et les deux stratĂ©gies pour y parvenir : dĂ©poser dans une archive ouverte le doubledâun article publiĂ© dans un pĂ©riodique payĂ© par souscription (« LA Vert »), et/ou publier dans unerevue en libre accĂšs (« LA Doré »). Le concept du libre accĂšs sâest rapidement Ă©tendu mais il adâabord Ă©tĂ© presque complĂštement assimilĂ© au seul « LA Doré ». Lâauto-archivage a Ă©tĂ© nĂ©gligĂ© en dĂ©pit du fait que cette voie verte reprĂ©sente la possibilitĂ© de croissance du LA la plus immĂ©diate et laplus rapide.Les efforts dĂ©ployĂ©s alors (analyses stratĂ©giques, Ă©tudes, dĂ©veloppement dâoutilstechniques pour crĂ©er des archives institutionnelles et mesurer leur impact) ont permis de dĂ©montrerlâimportance et les avantages de lâauto-archivage. De ce fait le nombre dâarchives a augmentĂ©, toutcomme lâobligation dâauto-archiver dans les universitĂ©s, les institutions et les fondations derecherche. Dans quelques pays, une politique dâauto-archivage a Ă©tĂ© proposĂ©e au niveau gouvernemental. Cet engagement des hommes politiques commence Ă inquiĂ©ter certains Ă©diteursscientifiques, qui sâorganisent en lobby anti-LA et rĂ©ussissent dans certains cas Ă ralentir ou arrĂȘterla lĂ©gislation. Câest pour cette raison que la communautĂ© scientifique, moins vulnĂ©rable au lobby desĂ©diteurs - que peuvent lâĂȘtre les politiciens - prend lâinitiative dâorganiser une politique de LA aveclâobligation dâauto-archivage au niveau de lâuniversitĂ©.In 2002, a group of researchers, librarians and publishers, launched the Budapest Open AccessInitiative (BOAI), formulating the concept of Open Access (OA) as well as the two strategies forachieving it â OA self-archiving (BOAI-1, âGreen OAâ) and OA publishing (BOAI-2, âGold OAâ).The concept of OA spread rapidly among researchers and research policy-makers, but was at firstequated almost completely with Gold OA publishing alone, neglecting Green OA self-archiving,despite the fact that it is Green OA that has the greatest immediate scope for growth. Afterconsiderable countervailing effort in the form of strategic analysis, research impact and outcomestudies, and the development of technical tools for creating OA archives (or âInstitutionalRepositoriesâ IRs) and measuring their impact, the importance and power of Green OA has beendemonstrated and recognised, and with it has come a growing number of IRs and the adoption ofmandatory OA self-archiving policies by universities, research institutions and research funders. Insome countries OA self-archiving policies have even been debated and proposed at thegovernmental level. This strong engagement in Green OA by policy makers has begun to alarmjournal publishers, who are now lobbying vigorously against OA, successfully slowing or haltinglegislation in some cases. It is for this reason that the research community itself â not vulnerable topublisher lobbying as politicians are â are now taking the initiative in OA policy-making, mandatingself-archiving at the university level
Le droit des auteurs à mettre en accÚs libre leurs propres résultats de recherche
National audienc
Mise en service d'une archive numérique
Conclusions of the breakout session "Mise en service d'une archive numérique". The launching of an open archive has to face many obstacles among which technological and financial issues are not the most serious. The group shared experiences and analyzed the main obstacles and made some proposals