Nutrição e produtividade da cultura do milho em sistemas de culturas e fontes de adubação

A utilização de esterco animal na agricultura, aliada ao cultivo de plantas de cobertura, pode conferir sustentabilidade ao sistema agrícola. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de dois sistemas de culturas e de três fontes de nutrientes, na cultura do milho, conduziu-se um experimento, em Latossolo Vermelho, no município de Marechal Cândido Rondon (PR). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições, e, os tratamentos, dispostos em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, compostos por dois sistemas de culturas (sucessão trigo/milho e consórcio aveia+ervilhaca+nabo/milho) e três fontes de nutrientes (mineral, orgânica e organomineral). Em junho de 2006, implantou-se a cultura do trigo e o consórcio de plantas de cobertura. Em outubro de 2006, semeou-se milho sob os dois sistemas. As adubações orgânica e organomineral consistiram na aplicação de dejetos de suínos, unicamente, e combinada com fertilizante mineral, respectivamente. O consórcio de aveia preta, ervilhaca peluda e nabo forrageiro mostrou-se capaz de fornecer a quantidade adequada de biomassa, concretizando sua viabilidade para produção de cobertura vegetal ao solo, durante o inverno. O cultivo de milho em sucessão ao trigo proporcionou a maior absorção de N e K e a maior produtividade. A adubação mineral proporcionou maior absorção de N e maior produtividade de milho, em comparação com as adubações orgânica e organomineral com dejetos de suínos

A many-analysts approach to the relation between religiosity and well-being

Supplemental material is available online at: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2153599X.2022.2070255# .The relation between religiosity and well-being is one of the most researched topics in the psychology of religion, yet the directionality and robustness of the effect remains debated. Here, we adopted a many-analysts approach to assess the robustness of this relation based on a new cross-cultural dataset ( = 10,535 participants from 24 countries). We recruited 120 analysis teams to investigate (1) whether religious people self-report higher well-being, and (2) whether the relation between religiosity and self-reported well-being depends on perceived cultural norms of religion (i.e., whether it is considered normal and desirable to be religious in a given country). In a two-stage procedure, the teams first created an analysis plan and then executed their planned analysis on the data. For the first research question, all but 3 teams reported positive effect sizes with credible/confidence intervals excluding zero (median reported = 0.120). For the second research question, this was the case for 65% of the teams (median reported = 0.039). While most teams applied (multilevel) linear regression models, there was considerable variability in the choice of items used to construct the independent variables, the dependent variable, and the included covariates.Neil Levy and Robert M. Ross were supported by Australian Research Council (grant number DP180102384); Ryan McKay was supported by Cogito Foundation [grant number R10917]; Sacha Altay was supported by French Agence Nationale de la Recherche (reference 17-EURE-0017 FrontCog and 10-IDEX-0001-02 PSL); Emily Gerdin was supported by National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (GR100544) [grant number DGE-2139841]; Eric-Jan Wagenmakers was supported by Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [grant number 016.Vici.170.083]; Don van Ravenzwaaij was supported by Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [grant number 016.Vidi.188.001]; Alexandra Sarafoglou was supported by Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [grant number 406-17-568]; Michiel van Elk was supported by John Templeton Foundation [grant number 60663]; James O. Pawelski and Louis Tay were supported by Templeton Religion Trust (TRT 0154). Marcel R. Schreiner, Susanne Frick, Julian Quevedo Pütter and Marcel C. Schmitt were supported by the German Research Foundation [grant number GRK 2277]

G6PD deficiency in Latin America: systematic review on prevalence and variants

Plasmodium vivax radical cure requires the use of primaquine (PQ), a drug that induces haemolysis in glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficient (G6PDd) individuals, which further hampers malaria control efforts. The aim of this work was to study the G6PDd prevalence and variants in Latin America (LA) and the Caribbean region. A systematic search of the published literature was undertaken in August 2013. Bibliographies of manuscripts were also searched and additional references were identified. Low prevalence rates of G6PDd were documented in Argentina, Bolivia, Mexico, Peru and Uruguay, but studies from Curaçao, Ecuador, Jamaica, Saint Lucia, Suriname and Trinidad, as well as some surveys carried out in areas of Brazil, Colombia and Cuba, have shown a high prevalence (> 10%) of G6PDd. The G6PD A-202A mutation was the variant most broadly distributed across LA and was identified in 81.1% of the deficient individuals surveyed. G6PDd is a frequent phenomenon in LA, although certain Amerindian populations may not be affected, suggesting that PQ could be safely used in these specific populations. Population-wide use of PQ as part of malaria elimination strategies in LA cannot be supported unless a rapid, accurate and field-deployable G6PDd diagnostic test is made available

Sulfato de amônio e uréia em cobertura no milho em semeadura direta no Cerrado

A aplicação de nitrogênio no milho de forma antecipada, tanto na semeadura da planta de cobertura como em pré-semeadura pode otimizar os trabalhos dentro da propriedade. Objetivou-se avaliar a influência nas concentrações foliares e produtividade de grãos do milho do parcelamento do nitrogênio suplementar à semeadura em área de dois anos de soja, em solo de textura média e quantificar a recuperação do nitrogênio do sulfato de amônio e da úreia, utilizando a técnica da diluição isotópica (15N). Os tratamentos constaram da aplicação de 110 kg ha-1 de nitrogênio em épocas distintas: na semeadura do milheto -5 dias antes da semeadura do milho -em cobertura, quando as plantas tinham 5-7 folhas; -e em cobertura quando as plantas tinham 9-10 folhas. Há diferença de produtividade de grãos e concentrações foliares de nitrogênio, fósforo, cálcio e enxofre quando se aplica nitrogênio suplementar à semeadura em diferentes épocas em relação a ausência de fertilização. O parcelamento de 110 kg ha-1 entre pré-semeadura e cobertura ou apenas na cobertura não altera a recuperação total do fertilizante. A recuperação do nitrogênio do sulfato de amônio aplicado em cobertura é maior quando comparada à uréia, sendo ainda que o parcelamento de sulfato de amônio em cobertura apresenta maior recuperação em relação ao fornecimento em uma única aplicação

Racial influence on the prevalence of prostate carcinoma in Brazilian volunteers

PURPOSE: To investigate the prevalence of prostate carcinoma in a sample of volunteers known to have a large proportion of Bantu African ancestors, and the performance of total PSA (tPSA), PSA density (PSAD) and free-to-total PSA ratio (f/tPSA) on the diagnosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 473 volunteers (range: 40 - 79 years) were screened for prostate carcinoma. Those with tPSA >2 ng/ml and/or abnormal digital rectal examination were submitted to a transrectal ultrasound-directed biopsy (10 cores). The volunteers were classified as White, Mulatto or Black according to physical characteristics and to ancestors race reference. The following variable number of tandem repeats (VNTR) were analyzed in the blood of 120 volunteers without cancer and in 27 patients with prostate cancer: D4S43, PAH, F13A1, APOB and vW-1. RESULTS: The biopsies performed in 121 volunteers revealed cancer in 27 (5.7% of 473). The proportions of cancer in White, Mulatto and Black were respectively: 0.6% (1/148), 6.7% (6/90) and 8.5% (20/235) (p = 0.006). The VNTRs analysis revealed heterogeneity in White, Mulatto and Black anthropologic phenotypes with the following admixture of Caucasian, African and Amerindian gene lineages: 67.5 ± 8%, 20.8 ± 8%, 11.7 ± 7%; 54.8 ± 9%, 36.3 ± 5%, 8.9 ± 7%; and, 45.3 ± 3%, 45.9 ± 4%, 8.8 ± 7%. Such a mixture was 50.5 ± 9%, 49 ± 8% and 0.5 ± 4% in volunteers bearing cancer, and 59.1 ± 7%, 31.7 ± 8% and 9.2 ± 5% in those without cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of tPSA at cut-off levels of 2, 2.5 and 4 ng/ml for volunteers with tPSA <= 10 ng/ml were respectively: 100% and 6,6%, 100% and 36,6%, 69,2% and 62,2%. PSAD at a cut-off level of 0.08 or 0.10, and f/tPSA at a cut-off level of 20% were able to increase significantly tPSA specificity without loss on sensitivity. CONCLUSIONS: The tumor prevalence was higher in Non-White than in White phenotype. The association of tPSA at a cut-off level of 2.5 ng/ml with a PSAD of 0.08 or a f/tPSA of 20% for biopsy indication deserves further investigations as an alternative to tPSA cut-off level of 4 ng/ml