Сhronotope Features of Modern Monodrama

У статті розглянуто особливості хронотопу сучасної монодрами як одного з компонентів її жанрового моделювання. Здійснено аналіз часопросторових відношень у цій жанровій моделі кінця ХХ – початку ХХІ ст. на прикладі творів української та російської літератур. In this article the chronotope features of modern monodrama as one the components of its genre modeling are considered. The analysis of time and spatial relations in this genre model of the end XX - early XXI century on the example of Ukrainian and Russian literature

Ionâ Scale Flux Rope Observed inside a Hot Flow Anomaly

We report an earthward moving ionâ scale flux rope embedded within the trailing edge of a hot flow anomaly (HFA) observed by the Magnetospheric Multiscale satellite constellation on 17 December 2016 upstream of Earth’s quasiâ parallel bow shock. The driver of the HFA, a tangential discontinuity, was observed by the Wind spacecraft without flux rope signatures around it in the solar wind. This suggests that the earthward moving flux rope was generated inside the HFA. This ionâ scale flux rope is not a force free structure and expands due to a strong magnetic pressure gradient force. Solar wind ions are decelerated inside the flux rope by the static electric field likely caused by the charge separation of solar wind particles. Our observations imply that magnetic reconnection may have occurred inside the HFA. Reconnection and flux ropes may play a role in particle acceleration/heating inside foreshock transients.Plain Language SummaryEnergetic particles are often observed inside the foreshock transients or in the foreshock region. The acceleration mechanisms of these energetic particles remain an open question. Possible candidates responsible for the acceleration have been put forward, such as Fermi acceleration, electron firehose, and lower hybrid drift instabilities and magnetic reconnection. However, to date, magnetic reconnection is only found in hybrid simulations during the generation of foreshock transients, but never reported by in situ observations. In this paper, we report an ionâ scale flux rope observed at the trailing edge of a hot flow anomaly, which could be generated during the magnetic reconnection. Our observations indicate that reconnection could occur locally within foreshock transients and contribute to their particle acceleration.Key PointsAn ionâ scale flux rope with 6.1â 7.5 ion inertial length is observed at the trailing edge of a hot flow anomalySolar wind ions were decelerated inside the flux rope, and the kinetic energy of solar wind ions was likely converted to the magnetic energyThe flux rope is close to a oneâ dimensional structure and expands due to the strong magnetic pressure gradient forcePeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154314/1/grl60217_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/154314/2/grl60217.pd

Recent Changes in the Hydrobiology of the Aral Sea.

Since 1992 attempts have been made to isolate and conserve the northern part of the Aral Sea of means of a dam. Changes in the main aquatic communities between 1985 and 1994 based on field work, laboratory investigations and literature surveys are described and the future prospects for the region are discussed