33 research outputs found
Strain-dependent mutational effects for Pepino mosaic virus in a natural host
[EN] Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) is an emerging plant pathogen that infects tomatoes worldwide.
Understanding the factors that influence its evolutionary success is essential for developing new control strategies that
may be more robust against the evolution of new viral strains. One of these evolutionary factors is the distribution of
mutational fitness effect (DMFE), that is, the fraction of mutations that are lethal, deleterious, neutral, and beneficial on
a given viral strain and host species. The goal of this study was to characterize the DMFE of introduced
nonsynonymous mutations on a mild isolate of PepMV from the Chilean 2 strain (PepMV-P22). Additionally, we also
explored whether the fitness effect of a given mutation depends on the gene where it appears or on epistatic
interactions with the genetic background. To address this latter possibility, a subset of mutations were also introduced
in a mild isolate of the European strain (PepMV-P11) and the fitness of the resulting clones measured.This study was financially supported by grant 2011/01/D/NZ9/00279, from the Poland National Science Center, to B.H.J and by grants BFU2015-65037-P, from Spain Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness-FEDER, and PROMETEOII/2014/021, from Generalitat Valenciana, to S.F.E.Minicka, J.; Elena Fito, SF.; Borodynko-Filas, N.; Rubis, B.; Hasiów-Jaroszewska, B. (2017). Strain-dependent mutational effects for Pepino mosaic virus in a natural host. BMC Evolutionary Biology. 17:1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12862-017-0920-4S11117Steinhauer DA, Domingo E, Holland JJ. Lack of evidence for proofreading mechanisms associated with an RNA virus polymerase. Gene. 1992;122:281–8.Sanjuán R, Nebot MR, Chirico N, Mansky LM, Belshaw R. Viral mutation rates. J Virol. 2010;84:9733–48.Domingo E. Viruses at the edge of adaptation. Virology. 2000;270:251–3.Chao L. Fitness of RNA virus decreased by muller ratchet. 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Genome editing (CRISPR/Cas9) in plant disease management: challenges and future prospects
The field of plant pathology has adopted targeted genome editing technology as one of its most crucial and effective genetic tools. Due to its simplicity, effectiveness, versatility, CRISPR together with CRISPR-associated proteins found in an adaptive immune system of prokaryotes have recently attracted the interest of the scientific world. Plant disease resistance must be genetically improved for sustainable agriculture. Plant biology and biotechnology have been transformed by genome editing, which makes it possible to perform precise and targeted genome modifications. Editing offers a fresh approach by genetically enhancing plant disease resistance and quickening resistance through breeding. It is simpler to plan and implement, has a greater success rate, is more adaptable and less expensive than other genome editing methods. Importantly CRISPR/Cas9 has recently surpassed plant science as well as plant disease. After years of research, scientists are currently modifying and rewriting genomes to create crop plants which are immune to particular pests and diseases. The main topics of this review are current developments in plant protection using CRISPR/Cas9 technology in model plants and commodities in response to viral, fungal, and bacterial infections, as well as potential applications and difficulties of numerous promising CRISPR/Cas9-adapted approaches
Partial characterization of Sunn-hemp mosaic tobamovirus [SHMV] isolated from bean plants [Phaseolus vulgaris L.]
This work presents some properties of Sunn-hemp mosaic tobamovirus (SHMV) orginally isolated from bean plants. Virus infected host range and induced symptoms that were typical for SHMV. Following plant species distinquished SHMV from tobacco mosaic tobamovirus (TMV): Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Lupinus albus and Lycopersicon esculentum. In immunoblotting the serum against SHMV did not react with TMV and Tomato mosaic tobamovirus (ToMV). The electrophoretical patterns of whole virions and capsid proteins were characteristic for SHMV and different from that of TMV and ToMV.W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę wirusa mozaiki krotalarii (SHMV) wyizolowanego z siewek fasoli wyrosłych z zainfekowanych nasion. Stwierdzono, że zakres roślin gospodarzy badanego izolatu SHMV oraz wywoływane przez niego objawy chorobowe były typowe dla tego wirusa. Gatunki roślin takie jak: Phaseolus vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Lupinus albus i Lycopersicon esculentum różnicują SHMV od TMV. W teście immunoblotingu surowica przeciwko SHMV nie reagowała z TMV-U i ToMV-2., z kolei surowica przeciwko TMV reagowała jedynie z TMV-U₁ i ToMV-2. Obrazy elektroforetyczne zarówno całych virionów jak i białek otoczki wirusowej były charakterystyczne dla SHMV i różne od tych dla TMV-U₁ oraz ToMV-2
First record of Tomato black ring virus [TBRV] in the natural infection of Cucumis sativus in Poland
Restriction analysis of genetic variability of Polish isolates of Tomato black ring virus.
Several different isolates of Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) have been collected in Poland from cucumber, tomato, potato and black locust plants. Biological tests showed some differences in the range of infected plants and the type of symptoms, which was the basis for selection of seven the most biologically different TBRV isolates. According to the sequence of TBRV-MJ, several primer pairs were designed and almost the entire sequence of both genomic RNAs was amplified. The RT-PCR products derived from all tested TBRV isolates were digested by restriction enzymes. On the basis of the restriction patterns, the variable and the conserved regions of the TBRV genome were defined and the relationships between the Polish TBRV isolates established
Biologiczna i molekularna charakterystyka polskich izolatów wirusa mozaiki cukinii (Zuchinii yellow mosaic virus)
The diversity of Zucchini yellow mosaic virus (ZYMV) isolates from cucumber and zucchini plants growing in different regions of Poland was analyzed using biological tests and molecular biology techniques. The isolates differed in their host range and symptoms induced by them on a series of plant species. In addition, the analysis of the genetic diversity of the coat protein (CP) gene revealed high level of nucleotide variability among the isolates. Comparison of the CP gene sequences of 70 isolates from different geographical regions worldwide showed that the Polish isolates belong to different groups and they do not form a monophyletic cluster with European isolates. Interestingly, among the central European ZYMV isolates lower variability has been observed previously. The ratio of nonsynonymous to synonymous polymorphic sites showed a dominant negative selection however codons which might undergo positive selection were also identified. Moreover, the evidences for recombination in analyzed sequences of the CP gene of the analyzed ZYMV isolates were provided.Wirus żółtej mozaiki cukinii (Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, ZYMV) charakteryzuje się wysokim stopniem zróżnicowania zarówno biologicznego, jak i genetycznego. W pracy analizowano zakres roślin gospodarzy i symptomy wywoływane przez polskie izolaty ZYMV. Ponadto przeprowadzono analizę filogenetyczną i przebiegu rekombinacji z wykorzystaniem sekwencji nukleotydów genu kodującego białko płaszcza polskich i 67 innych izolatów ZYMV, których sekwencje zdeponowano w Banku Genów. Badania wykazały, że polskie izolaty nie tylko różniły się od siebie w teście biologicznym, ale należą do różnych grup filogenetycznych, nie tworząc tym samym jednej grupy z innymi izolatami europejskimi. Analiza presji selekcyjnej działającej na populację izolatów ZYMV wykazać dominację presji negatywnej, aczkolwiek zidentyfikowano również kodony, które mogą podlegać wpływowi pozytywnej presji selekcyjnej
Full length genome sequence of Polish isolate of Beet soil-borne virus confirms low level of genetic diversity
The complete nucleotide sequence of a Polish isolate of Beet soil-borne virus was determined for the first time. The genome organization was identical with those previously established for isolates from Germany and China. A comparison of the Polish isolate with others deposited in GenBank reveled high level of nucleotide identity, about 98-100%, throughout the genome analyzed. The ratio between non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions was rather low suggesting a negative selective pressure. The non-synonymous mutations were particulary frequent in triple gene block
Rapid evolutionary dynamics of the Pepino mosaic virus - status and future perspectives
Pepino mosaic virus (PepMV) has emerged as an important pathogen of greenhouse tomato crops and is currently distributed
worldwide. Population genetic studies have revealed a shift in the dominant PepMV genotype from European (EU) to Chilean 2
(CH2) in North America and several European countries. New genetic variants are constantly being created by mutation and recombination
events. Single nucleotide substitutions in different parts of the genome were found to affect on development of symptoms
resulting in new pathotypes and accumulation of viral RNA. The variability of the PepMV population has a great impact on designing
specific diagnostic tools and developing efficient and durable strategies of disease control. In this paper we review the current
knowledge about the PepMV population, the evolutionary dynamics of this highly infective virus, methods for its detection and plant
protection strategies
The resistance of sugar beet and its wild relatives from the genus Beta to BNYVV - sources and mechanisms
Rizomania jest chorobą buraka cukrowego wywoływaną przez wirus nekrotycznego żółknięcia nerwów buraka BNYVV, który powoduje znaczące jakościowe i ilościowe straty plonu tej ekonomicznie istotnej rośliny w skali światowej. Za najbardziej skuteczną metodę walki z rozprzestrzenianiem choroby, umożliwiającą uprawę w warunkach porażenia uznaje się stosowanie odmian wyprowadzonych w toku hodowli odpornościowej. Jednakże żaden z dotychczas opisanych genów nie warunkuje całkowitej odporności, a jedynie tolerancję na wirus. Jednocześnie z powodu pojawiania się szczepów zdolnych do przełamywania odporności, przeszukiwanie zasobów dzikich form z rodzaju Beta jest kluczowe dla dalszej identyfikacji nowych źródeł odporności, a w konsekwencji dla utrzymania ciągłej produkcji konkurencyjnych odmian buraka cukrowego. W niniejszej pracy dokonano przeglądu znanych obecnie źródeł odporności, jak również przedstawiono podstawowe mechanizmy istotne dla jej wykształcenia.Rhizomania is a disease of sugar beet induced by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) that has been responsible for both quantitative and qualitative significant yield losses of this economically important crop worldwide. The most effective method of protection that enables production under infestation conditions is believed to be resistance breeding. However, none of the genes identified thus far seems to be able to condition a fully resistant genotype. Additionally, due to the appearance of resistance-breaking strains of the virus, screening of wild relatives is crucial for further identification of new resistance sources and, consequently, for continuous production of competitive sugar beet cultivars. This review presents an overview of currently known resistance sources as well as highlights some basic mechanisms involved in resistance expression