Impact of Heat Resources on Rice Productivity in the Sarpinsky Lowland

The possibility of rice cultivation in the northern areas of rice sowing is determined by the sum of effective air temperatures (Σt ≥ 15 ∘C) over the growing season and its distribution over the vegetation phases of the plants. A long-term statistical and correlation analysis of rice productivity depending on the thermal resources of the Sarpinsky lowland at the Maliye Derbeta meteorological station for the period from 1964 to 2018 (correlation coefficient r = 0.68) is given. It is established that the sum of effective air temperatures varies from 3140.2 to 3999.7 ∘C, while the average annual value is 2820 ∘C. The highest yield (more than 5 t/ha) of rice grains is formed in years with the sum of effective temperatures over 3000 ∘C. The fluctuations of air temperature and their influence on the production process, and the yield of rice grains are analyzed, the results of which can be used as source data in modeling climate change scenarios and predicting rice grain production. The optimal amounts of effective air temperatures for the period April-September, ensuring the realization of the potential productivity of rice in the Sarpinsky lowland conditions, are determined

Совершенствование агротехники возделывания моркови столовой в условиях Волгоградской области

Relevance. The Volgograd region is one of the major producing regions of table carrots with a difficult climate, therefore, regional adaptation of technology parameters and optimization of reclamation regimes under drip irrigation is necessary. According to most researchers, it is important to take into account the weak development of the root system of carrots in the initial periods of plant growth and development, so the differentiation of the moistened soil layer will allow more rational and productive use of soil moisture.Materials and methods. The working hypothesis of the studies was the assumption that it is possible to intensify the production process of carrots when managing water and mineral nutrition by drip irrigation against the background of high-quality soil preparation with the formation of ridges and the use of modern sowing units. In accordance with the hypothesis put forward, the research program is based on the assessment of threshold values of the conditions for the appointment of vegetation irrigation with drip irrigation and doses of mineral fertilizers.Results. The determination coefficient of the estimated dependences of the carrot water consumption coefficient on the duration of maintaining the starting irrigation regime and mineral nutrition conditions is 0.87-0.94, which characterizes a strong relationship between the indicators included in the equation. it was beneficial for Cordoba F1 hydride to maintain the starting regime of carrot irrigation, oriented to moisten the calculated 0.2-soil layer, to the stage of formation of the 2nd leaf, as well as to apply mineral fertilizers with a dose of N240P90K315 of the planned yield level, 120 t/ha was not received. The productivity of other hybrids studied in the experiment did not exceed 100 t/ha; therefore, it is advisable to introduce mineral fertilizers with a dose of N190P75K245, calculated specifically for this level of planned yield.Актуальность. Волгоградская область является одним из крупных регионов-производителей столовой моркови со сложным климатом, поэтому необходима региональная адаптация параметров технологии и оптимизации мелиоративных режимов при капельном поливе. По данным большинства исследователей важно учитывать слабое развитие корневой системы моркови в начальные периоды роста и развития растений, поэтому дифференциация увлажняемого слоя почвы позволит более рационально и продуктивно использовать почвенную влагу. Необходимость определения геометрических параметров зоны увлажнения почвы в период активного роста корневой системы определило схему опыта и направление исследований. Материал и методы. Рабочей гипотезой исследований стало предположение о возможности интенсификации продукционного процесса моркови при управлении водным и минеральным питанием капельного орошения на фоне качественной подготовки почвы с формированием гряд и использовании современных посевных агрегатов. В соответствии с выдвинутой гипотезой программа исследований построена на оценке пороговых значений вегетационных поливов при капельном орошении и доз внесения минеральных удобрений.Результаты. Установлены закономерности урожайности корнеплодов моркови и коэффициента водопотребления моркови в зависимости от режима капельного орошения в течение вегетационного периода и доз внесения минеральных удобрений. Коэффициент детерминации оцененных зависимостей коэффициента водопотребления моркови от продолжительности поддержания стартового режима орошения и условий минерального питания составляет 0,87-0,94, что характеризует сильную связь между включенными в уравнение показателями. Для гибрида Кордоба F1 выгодным оказалось поддержание стартового режима орошения, ориентированного на увлажнение 0,2-м слоя почвы до фазы образования 2 листа, а также внесение минеральных удобрений дозой N240P90K315, что обеспечило получение 108,9 т/га корнеплодов моркови. При внесении минеральных удобрений в дозе N190P75K245, в зависимости от поддерживаемого порога влажности почвы урожайность корнеплодов моркови не превышает 91,8-101,9 т/га

Influence of modes of the drop irrigation on growth of the apple-trees in the garden of intensive type

The results of researches of the modes of drip irrigation and their influence on the productivity of the apple orchard in Gorodishchensky area of the Volgograd region are presented

Influence of predecessors and nitric fertilizers on productivity of spring wheat at the irrigation in the conditions of Mesopotamic plain of the Central Iraq

The results of researches on formation of productivity of spring wheat are resulted at an irrigation depending on predecessors and doses of entering of nitric fertilizers in the conditions of Mesopotamic plain of Iraq. It is revealed that the predecessor lucerne in the first year and green fallow (mung bean) as intermediate summer culture the next two years improve ростовые processes and is created by optimum conditions for growth and development of spring wheat and reception of a big crop of grain. Thus nitric fertilizers in a dose of 200 kg/hectares at spring wheat cultivation raise productivity of grain on the average on all predecessors on 32,8% in comparison with not fertilized background

Improvement of agrotechnics of cultivation of table carrot in the conditions of the Volgograd region

Relevance. The Volgograd region is one of the major producing regions of table carrots with a difficult climate, therefore, regional adaptation of technology parameters and optimization of reclamation regimes under drip irrigation is necessary. According to most researchers, it is important to take into account the weak development of the root system of carrots in the initial periods of plant growth and development, so the differentiation of the moistened soil layer will allow more rational and productive use of soil moisture.Materials and methods. The working hypothesis of the studies was the assumption that it is possible to intensify the production process of carrots when managing water and mineral nutrition by drip irrigation against the background of high-quality soil preparation with the formation of ridges and the use of modern sowing units. In accordance with the hypothesis put forward, the research program is based on the assessment of threshold values of the conditions for the appointment of vegetation irrigation with drip irrigation and doses of mineral fertilizers.Results. The determination coefficient of the estimated dependences of the carrot water consumption coefficient on the duration of maintaining the starting irrigation regime and mineral nutrition conditions is 0.87-0.94, which characterizes a strong relationship between the indicators included in the equation. it was beneficial for Cordoba F1 hydride to maintain the starting regime of carrot irrigation, oriented to moisten the calculated 0.2-soil layer, to the stage of formation of the 2nd leaf, as well as to apply mineral fertilizers with a dose of N240P90K315 of the planned yield level, 120 t/ha was not received. The productivity of other hybrids studied in the experiment did not exceed 100 t/ha; therefore, it is advisable to introduce mineral fertilizers with a dose of N190P75K245, calculated specifically for this level of planned yield

INFLUENCE OF SOIL AND MINERAL FOOD PROCESSING ON THE DYNAMICS OF BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY AND NPK IN COLD YARNS

The use of scientifically based doses of fertilizers in the cultivation of crops does not lead to the removal of nutrients from the natural reserves of the organic and mineral soil by microflora. At the same time, the methods and terms for the introduction of mineral fertilizers must be linked with the technology of soil preparation and moisture supply. Nitrogen fertilizers, because of their rapid volati-lization, are recommended to be applied for pre-sowing cultivation with sealing in the surface layer, and phosphorous fertilizers, as inactive - along with the main soil treatment. In this connection, in studies of the significant influence of the methods of basic soil cultivation with and without application of nitrogen, its dynamics along layers are not revealed. Deep soil-free tillage allows significantly more accumulation and longer storage of moisture in the soil layers; In comparison with the classical plowing and dumping plowing and planing in a meter layer of soil, the additional moisture reserves before sowing the crop are respectively 300 and 230 m3 / ha, in the tubing phase - barley - 256 and 189 m3/ha, in the phase of milk ripeness - 270 And 128 m3/ha. Deficiency of moisture reduces the biological activity of the soil, in this regard, moisture-saving methods of basic soil cultivation are especially important in conditions of rain-fed farming, not only on the yield of agricultural crops, but also on the processes of humus formation. The total accumulation of amino acids in the half-meter layer in the variant with deep soil-free tillage before sowing barley was 424 μg amine / G of cloth, in the phase of tubing - ear - 400 μg amine / G canvas, in the phase of milk ripeness - 210 μg amine / G of canvas. The values obtained are higher in comparison with the control data and the variant with planar tillage at 7 and 18%, 48 and 32%, 10 and 36% respectively. Positive dynamics in terms of productive moisture and accumulation of amino acids in the variant with deep soil-free soil treatment, application of calculated phosphorus doses for main processing and nitrogen for pre-sowing cultivation, had an effect on a significant increase in grain relative to control at 0.4 t/ha, Processing - at 0.35 t/ha

Research of humidity regimes of the soils for drop irrigation of potatoes in arid zone

The results of researches of drop irrigation of potatoes in Oman depending on a threshold of preirrigation humidity of the soil and creation of a water heat-sink layer are presented. It is established that at maintenance of the differentiated threshold of preirrigation humidity of the soil the most effective use of irrigating water is provided and high productivity of potatoes is reached. It is established that increasing level of preirrigation humidity of soil during the vegetative period from 70 to 80% yield of potatoes can be increased on the average by 26,2%. Artificial formation of water accumulative zone by application of sapropel and bentonite clay promotes decrease in expenses of irrigation water by 5—6% and increases the potato yield by 10—11% and 3—5% respectively

The efficiency of ridge cultivation technology agricultural crops under drip irrigation

The resume: it is offered to use a part of an arable layer of row-spacings for formation of crests in a region of growth and diffusions of an assemblage of rootlets of agricultural crops. Effective utilisation conditions crests technologies of cultivation of agricultural crops are defined at a drop irrigation

Instrumentation of the combined processes in water treatment technology

An increase in the volume of industrial effluents, ship accidents, oil breakthroughs at drilling rigs lead to a deterioration in the quality indicators of water in open water sources, including in terms of the content of organic compounds and oil products. The water used for irrigation of agricultural crops, according to most indicators, must meet the water quality requirements for household and drinking purposes. Thus, the total content of oil products in the irrigation water should not exceed 0.1 mg / l. The use of water with the MPC excess leads to significant changes in the morphological properties of the soil, reduces the biological productivity and phytomass of the plant cover. Therefore, the issue of improving machines and devices used in water treatment technologies to increase their reliability and efficiency is one of the topical areas of the research. The aim of the study is to develop a hydrocyclone complex cleaning apparatus, which implements combined processes of capturing both coarse and finely dispersed impurities. Unlike the standard design, the hydrocyclone is supplemented with a filter element installed on the drain pipe, which provides additional water purification from fine mechanical impurities, and a sorption filter designed to remove oil products and other floating organic compounds from water. The proposed hydrocyclone unit provides a comprehensive purification of irrigation water from various types of impurities, due to the combined processes of centrifugal separation and sorption filtration. It eliminates the multistage process of water purification, and regeneration of the sorption filter by the action of centrifugal forces or pressure does not require the use of special regenerating solutions, which increases the manufacturability and environmental friendliness of the water treatment process

Impact of Heat Resources on Rice Productivity in the Sarpinsky Lowland

The possibility of rice cultivation in the northern areas of rice sowing is determined by the sum of effective air temperatures (Σt ≥ 15 ∘C) over the growing season and its distribution over the vegetation phases of the plants. A long-term statistical and correlation analysis of rice productivity depending on the thermal resources of the Sarpinsky lowland at the Maliye Derbeta meteorological station for the period from 1964 to 2018 (correlation coefficient r = 0.68) is given. It is established that the sum of effective air temperatures varies from 3140.2 to 3999.7 ∘C, while the average annual value is 2820 ∘C. The highest yield (more than 5 t/ha) of rice grains is formed in years with the sum of effective temperatures over 3000 ∘C. The fluctuations of air temperature and their influence on the production process, and the yield of rice grains are analyzed, the results of which can be used as source data in modeling climate change scenarios and predicting rice grain production. The optimal amounts of effective air temperatures for the period April-September, ensuring the realization of the potential productivity of rice in the Sarpinsky lowland conditions, are determined