1,066 research outputs found
Grobner Bases for Finite-temperature Quantum Computing and their Complexity
Following the recent approach of using order domains to construct Grobner
bases from general projective varieties, we examine the parity and
time-reversal arguments relating de Witt and Lyman's assertion that all path
weights associated with homotopy in dimensions d <= 2 form a faithful
representation of the fundamental group of a quantum system. We then show how
the most general polynomial ring obtained for a fermionic quantum system does
not, in fact, admit a faithful representation, and so give a general
prescription for calcluating Grobner bases for finite temperature many-body
quantum system and show that their complexity class is BQP
A Hubble Space Telescope Snapshot Survey of Dynamically Close Galaxy Pairs in the CNOC2 Redshift Survey
We compare the structural properties of two classes of galaxies at
intermediate redshift: those in dynamically close galaxy pairs, and those which
are isolated. Both samples are selected from the CNOC2 Redshift Survey, and
have redshifts in the range 0.1 < z <0.6. Hubble Space Telescope WFPC2 images
were acquired as part of a snapshot survey, and were used to measure bulge
fraction and asymmetry for these galaxies. We find that paired and isolated
galaxies have identical distributions of bulge fractions. Conversely, we find
that paired galaxies are much more likely to be asymmetric (R_T+R_A >= 0.13)
than isolated galaxies. Assuming that half of these pairs are unlikely to be
close enough to merge, we estimate that 40% +/- 11% of merging galaxies are
asymmetric, compared with 9% +/- 3% of isolated galaxies. The difference is
even more striking for strongly asymmetric (R_T+R_A >= 0.16) galaxies: 25% +/-
8% for merging galaxies versus 1% +/- 1% for isolated galaxies. We find that
strongly asymmetric paired galaxies are very blue, with rest-frame B-R colors
close to 0.80, compared with a mean (B-R)_0 of 1.24 for all paired galaxies. In
addition, asymmetric galaxies in pairs have strong [OII]3727 emission lines. We
conclude that close to half of the galaxy pairs in our sample are in the
process of merging, and that most of these mergers are accompanied by triggered
star formation.Comment: Accepted for publication in the Astronomical Journal. 40 pages,
including 15 figures. For full resolution version, please see
http://www.trentu.ca/physics/dpatton/hstpairs
Dark Matter and Dark Energy via Non-Perturbative (Flavour) Vacua
A non-perturbative field theoretical approach to flavour physics
(Blasone-Vitiello formalism) has been shown to imply a highly non-trivial
vacuum state. In a previous work, we implemented the approach on a simple
supersymmetric model (free Wess-Zumino), with flavour mixing, which was
regarded as a model for free neutrinos and sneutrinos. The resulting effective
vacuum (called "flavour vacuum") was found to be characterized by a strong SUSY
breaking. In this paper we explore the phenomenology of the model and we argue
that the flavour vacuum is a consistent source for both Dark Energy (thanks to
the bosonic sector of the model) and Dark Matter (via the fermionic one). Quite
remarkably, besides the parameters connected with neutrino physics, in this
model no other parameters have been introduced, possibly leading to a
predictive theory of Dark Energy/Matter. Despite its oversimplification, such a
toy model already seems capable to shed some light on the observed energy
hierarchy between neutrino physics, Dark Energy and Dark Matter. Furthermore,
we move a step forth in the construction of a more realistic theory, by
presenting a novel approach for calculating relevant quantities and hence
extending some results to interactive theories, in a completely
non-perturbative way.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figure
Efficient linear solvers for incompressible flow simulations using Scott--Vogelius finite elements
Recent research has shown that in some practically relevant situations like multiphysics flows (Galvin et al., Comput Methods Appl Mech Eng, 2012) divergence-free mixed finite elements may have a significantly smaller discretization error than standard nondivergence-free mixed finite elements. To judge the overall performance of divergence-free mixed finite elements, we investigate linear solvers for the saddle point linear systems arising in Scott-Vogelius finite element implementations of the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. We investigate both direct and iterative solver methods. Due to discontinuous pressure elements in the case of Scott-Vogelius (SV) elements, considerably more solver strategies seem to deliver promising results than in the case of standard mixed finite elements such as Taylor-Hood elements. For direct methods, we extend recent preliminary work using sparse banded solvers on the penalty method formulation to finer meshes and discuss extensions. For iterative methods, we test augmented Lagrangian and H -LU preconditioners with GMRES, on both full and statically condensed systems. Several numerical experiments are provided that show these classes of solvers are well suited for use with SV elements and could deliver an interesting overall performance in several applications
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