10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antenna

This paper presents a proof of concept demonstrator for a pair of novel phase shifters based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) is used to reconfigure each phase shifter. The paper presents LM phase shifters that, for the first time, have a phase shifting range of 360⁰. The phase shifters have a small electrical size, and they are intended for use within phased array antenna applications. The paper also presents a design procedure for the phase shifters. The procedure has been used to design two phase shifters operating at 10 GHz. The design process can be readily scaled for operation at other frequencies. The proposed phase shifters are reciprocal and bidirectional and they have very low insertion loss. A series of reconfigurable LM vias are used to achieve the phase shift. Each of LM via is activated once a drill hole is filled with LM and it is deactivated once LM is removed. Using this method; it is possible to achieve a phase shift step ranging from 1° to 100° using a single LM via. Moreover, the overall phase shift can be extended to 360° by employing several LM vias in series inside the SIW. The proposed phase shifters have an insertion loss lower than 3 dB and provide a total phase shifting range of approximately 360° in eight steps of approximately 45° each. This enables the proposed two phase shifters to have an extraordinary Figure of Merit (FoM) of 131.3 ⁰/dB and 122.4 ⁰/dB

Purification and Immunophenotypic Characterization of Human CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD24hiCD27+ B Cells.

Regulatory B cells (Bregs) have immunosuppressive capacity, primarily via the production of IL-10. IL-10 expression and immunosuppression have been described in a number of human B cell subsets, two of which include the CD19+CD24hiCD38hi and CD19+CD24hiCD27+ populations. In this chapter, we describe how to identify and isolate these subsets from peripheral blood B cells via flow cytometry. We also explain how to expand Bregs in culture and how to identify them based on intracellular expression of IL-10

Permutation Entropy and Bubble Entropy: Possible interactions and synergies between order and sorting relations

[EN] Despite its widely demonstrated usefulness, there is still room for improvement in the basic Permutation Entropy (PE) algorithm, as several subsequent studies have proposed in the recent years. For example, some improved PE variants try to address possible PE weaknesses, such as its only focus on ordinal information, and not on amplitude, or the possible detrimental impact of equal values in subsequences due to motif ambiguity. Other evolved PE methods try to reduce the influence of input parameters. A good representative of this last point is the Bubble Entropy (BE) method. BE is based on sorting relations instead of ordinal patterns, and its promising capabilities have not been extensively assessed yet. The objective of the present study was to comparatively assess the classification performance of this new method, and study and exploit the possible synergies between PE and BE. The claimed superior performance of BE over PE was first evaluated by conducting a series of time series classification tests over a varied and diverse experimental set. The results of this assessment apparently suggested that there is a complementary relationship between PE and BE, instead of a superior/inferior relationship. A second set of experiments using PE and BE simultaneously as the input features of a clustering algorithm, demonstrated that with a proper algorithm configuration, classification accuracy and robustness can benefit from both measures.Cuesta Frau, D.; Vargas-Rojo, B. (2020). Permutation Entropy and Bubble Entropy: Possible interactions and synergies between order and sorting relations. Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering. 17(2):1637-1658. https://doi.org/10.3934/mbe.2020086S163716581721. C. Bandt and B. Pompe, Permutation entropy: A natural complexity measure for time series, Phys. Rev. Lett., 88 (2002), 174102.2. M. Zanin, L. Zunino, O. A. Rosso and D. Papo, Permutation entropy and its main biomedical and econophysics applications: A review, Entropy, 14 (2012), 1553-1577.14. F. Siokis, Credit market jitters in the course of the financial crisis: A permutation entropy approach in measuring informational efficiency in financial assets, Phys. A Statist. Mechan. Appl., 499 (2018).15. A. F. Bariviera, L. Zunino, M. B. Guercio, L. Martinez and O. Rosso, Efficiency and credit ratings: A permutation-information-theory analysis, J. Statist. Mechan. Theory Exper., 2013 (2013), P08007.16. A. F. Bariviera, M. B. Guercio, L. Martinez and O. Rosso, A permutation information theory tour through different interest rate maturities: the libor case, Philos. Transact. Royal Soc. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci., 373 (2015).20. B. Fadlallah, B. Chen, A. Keil and J. Príncipe, Weighted-permutation entropy: A complexity measure for time series incorporating amplitude information, Phys. Rev. E, 87 (2013), 022911.Deng, B., Cai, L., Li, S., Wang, R., Yu, H., Chen, Y., & Wang, J. (2016). Multivariate multi-scale weighted permutation entropy analysis of EEG complexity for Alzheimer’s disease. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 11(3), 217-231. doi:10.1007/s11571-016-9418-924. D. Cuesta-Frau, Permutation entropy: Influence of amplitude information on time series classification performance, Math. Biosci. Eng., 5 (2019), 1-16.25. F. Traversaro, M. Risk, O. Rosso and F. Redelico, An empirical evaluation of alternative methods of estimation for Permutation Entropy in time series with tied values, arXiv e-prints, arXiv:1707.01517 (2017).26. D. Cuesta-Frau, M. Varela-Entrecanales, A. Molina-Picó and B. Vargas, Patterns with equal values in permutation entropy: Do they really matter for biosignal classification?, Complexity, 2018 (2018), 1-15.29. D. Cuesta-Frau, A. Molina-Picó, B. Vargas and P. González, Permutation entropy: Enhancing discriminating power by using relative frequencies vector of ordinal patterns instead of their shannon entropy, Entropy, 21 (2019).30. H. Azami and J. Escudero, Amplitude-aware permutation entropy: Illustration in spike detection and signal segmentation, Comput. Meth. Program. Biomed., 128 (2016), 40-51.32. G. Manis, M. Aktaruzzaman and R. Sassi, Bubble entropy: An entropy almost free of parameters, IEEE Transact. Biomed. Eng., 64 (2017), 2711-2718.34. L. Zunino, F. Olivares, F. Scholkmann and O. A. Rosso, Permutation entropy based time series analysis: Equalities in the input signal can lead to false conclusions, Phys. Lett. A, 381 (2017), 1883-1892.38. D. E. Lake, J. S. Richman, M. P. Griffin and J. R. Moorman, Sample entropy analysis of neonatal heart rate variability, Am. J. Physiology-Regulatory Integrat. Comparat. Physiol., 283 (2002), R789-R797, PMID: 12185014.41. I. Unal, Defining an Optimal Cut-Point Value in ROC Analysis: An Alternative Approach, Comput. Math. Methods Med., 2017 (2017), 14.47. A. K. Jain, M. N. Murty and P. J. Flynn, Data clustering: A review, ACM Comput. Surv., 31 (1999), 264-323.51. J. Sander, M. Ester, H.-P. Kriegel and X. Xu, Density-based clustering in spatial databases: The algorithm gdbscan and its applications, Data Min. Knowl. Discov., 2 (1998), 169-194.52. J. Wu, Advances in K-means Clustering: A Data Mining Thinking, Springer Publishing Company, Incorporated, 2012.53. S. Panda, S. Sahu, P. Jena and S. Chattopadhyay, Comparing fuzzy-c means and k-means clustering techniques: A comprehensive study, in Advances in Computer Science, Engineering & Applications (eds. D. C. Wyld, J. Zizka and D. Nagamalai), Springer Berlin Heidelberg, Berlin, Heidelberg, 2012, 451-460.54. A. L. Goldberger, L. A. N. Amaral, L. Glass, J. M. Hausdorff, P. C. Ivanov, R. G. Mark, et al., PhysioBank, PhysioToolkit, and PhysioNet: Components of a new research resource for complex physiologic signals, Circulation, 101 (2000), 215-220.58. R. G. Andrzejak, K. Lehnertz, F. Mormann, C. Rieke, P. David and C. E. Elger, Indications of nonlinear deterministic and finite-dimensional structures in time series of brain electrical activity: Dependence on recording region and brain state, Phys. Rev. E, 64 (2001), 061907.60. N. Iyengar, C. K. Peng, R. Morin, A. L. Goldberger and L. A. Lipsitz, Age-related alterations in the fractal scaling of cardiac interbeat interval dynamics, Am. J. Physiology-Regulatory Integrat. Comparat. Physiol., 271 (1996), R1078-R1084, PMID: 8898003

Towards a Context-Aware Knowledge Model for Smart Service Systems

The advancement of the Internet of things, big data, and mobile computing leads to the need for smart services that enable the context awareness and the adaptability to their changing contexts. Today, designing a smart service system is a complex task due to the lack of an adequate model support in awareness and pervasive environment. In this paper, we present a context-aware knowledge model for smart service systems that organizes the domain and context-aware knowledge into knowledge components based on the three levels of services: Services, Service system and Network of service systems. The context-aware knowledge model for smart service systems integrates all the information and knowledge related to smart services, knowledge components and context awareness that can play a key role for any framework, infrastructure, or applications deploying smart services. To demonstrate the approach, a case study about a chatbot as a smart service for customer support is presented

Nuevos anfibios del Neógeno y Cuaternario de Europa : orígen, desarrollo y relaciones de la Batracofauna española

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, leída en 1977.Fac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEProQuestpu

Relación y sentencia del virrey del Perú (1615-1621)

La presente edición, entrega al lector la Relación que deja sobre su gobierno don Francisco de Borja y Aragón, Príncipe de Esquilache, virrey del Perú entre los años 1615 y 1621, y la posterior Sentencia del Consejo Real de las Indias, en 1626. Además, se incluye, al inicio del corpus, la transcripción de un breve mensaje enviado por Esquilache a su antecesor el Marqués de Montesclaros, y la extensa respuesta de este último al susodicho. El conjunto de versiones de los textos trabajados para esta edición por Zaldívar está conformado por tres manuscritos y tres ediciones impresas, en el caso de la Relación, y con el manuscrito original y una versión impresa en el caso de la Sentencia. Se suma, además, el manuscrito del Billete a Montesclaros y su consiguiente respuesta. Esta edición cuenta con un extenso estudio preliminar que entrega información y elementos de análisis, que pueden ayudar a comprender mejor el aún poco conocido contexto en que se desarrolla este virreinato del Perú, así como las relaciones entre los gobernantes que se sucedían el cargo

Transportacio de diversos censals fets fet Frances Vicent Artes... en favor de Doña Mariana Artes y de Borja : [1586 nov. 7, Valencia]

Incipit : "Die VII... Novembris... MDLXXXVI... quod ego Franciscus Vincentus Artes miles civitatis Valentia"Explicit : "preincertum instrumentuum... abstractum... per me Brunonem Jover... sig(signo)num"admtvo.01Copia notarial.Sign. not. de Bruno Jover.Tít. tomado de cub.Enc. perg

Many-nodes/many-links spinfoam: the homogeneous and isotropic case

I compute the Lorentzian EPRL/FK/KKL spinfoam vertex amplitude for regular graphs, with an arbitrary number of links and nodes, and coherent states peaked on a homogeneous and isotropic geometry. This form of the amplitude can be applied for example to a dipole with an arbitrary number of links or to the 4-simplex given by the compete graph on 5 nodes. All the resulting amplitudes have the same support, independently of the graph used, in the large j (large volume) limit. This implies that they all yield the Friedmann equation: I show this in the presence of the cosmological constant. This result indicates that in the semiclassical limit quantum corrections in spinfoam cosmology do not come from just refining the graph, but rather from relaxing the large j limit.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figure