Effects of Salinity on Color Changes, Sugar and Acid Concentration in Tomato Fruit

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) is vegetable which is relatively resistant to salt concentration in growing substrate. However, research has shown that salinity stress causes changes in the quality of the fruit, which indirectly affects the yield. So the aim of this research was to determine the change in color of ripening fruits, the amount of sugar and acid in the fruit as indicators of the quality of the fruit. Tests were conducted in a greenhouse on tomato cv. Buran F1, where were two varieties of seedlings, grafted and non grafted, grown in the control substrate (EC = 1.7 dS/m) and substrate with EC = 6.8 dS/m. The quality of fruit is observed by a difference in the maturing of the first fruit of the first and second branches of tomatoes, and through the concentration of sugar and acid in the fruit, depending on the position of the plants. The obtained results show that salinity induces higher sugar content and total acidity in grafted and non-grafted tomato fruits. Also salinity leads to faster ripening of grafted and non-grafted tomato. tomato; salinity; grafted; nongrafte

Effects of Salinity on Color Changes, Sugar and Acid Concentration in Tomato Fruit

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) is vegetable which is relatively resistant to salt concentration in growing substrate. However, research has shown that salinity stress causes changes in the quality of the fruit, which indirectly affects the yield. So the aim of this research was to determine the change in color of ripening fruits, the amount of sugar and acid in the fruit as indicators of the quality of the fruit. Tests were conducted in a greenhouse on tomato cv. Buran F1, where were two varieties of seedlings, grafted and non grafted, grown in the control substrate (EC = 1.7 dS/m) and substrate with EC = 6.8 dS/m. The quality of fruit is observed by a difference in the maturing of the first fruit of the first and second branches of tomatoes, and through the concentration of sugar and acid in the fruit, depending on the position of the plants. The obtained results show that salinity induces higher sugar content and total acidity in grafted and non-grafted tomato fruits. Also salinity leads to faster ripening of grafted and non-grafted tomato. tomato; salinity; grafted; nongrafte

Insurance as an Instrument of Agricultural Risk Management in the Republic of Srpska (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

Agricultural production in the Republic of Srpska is faced with numerous risks. However, little attention has been paid in the past, to the surveys of the agricultural risk management and insurance. After the general overview of basic risk types and risk management instruments in agriculture, the second part of the paper presents results on significance and acceptance of insurance services in the Republic of Srpska covering a five-year period (2010-2014). Based on the survey results, the authors conclude that although 88% of insurance companies do offer insurance products to farmers and 15% of farmers use the insurance products to manage their risks, this market segment is insignificant compared to the overall insurance market. In conclusion, the authors try to indicate the ways of stronger cohesion between farmers, insurance companies and government which would contribute to the establishment of integrated and sustainable risk management system in the agriculture of the Republic of Srpska

Biohemijsko - fiziološke karakteristike ploda kruške u zavisnosti od položaja na stablu

Biohemijsko - fiziološka proučavanja plodova kruške sorte Pakams trijumf na različitim pozicijama (vrh, sredina, baza) i ekspozicijama (istok, zapad) na stablu izvršena su u toku 2010. i 2011. godine u zasadu kruške u Jurkovici - opština Gradiška. Stabla ispitivane sorte zasađena su u pravcu sjever - jug, gajena u uzgojnom obliku vitko vreteno na sijancu divlje kruške i u vrijeme istraživanja nalazila su se periodu punog plodonošenja. Plodovi su analazirani neposredno nakon berbe i nakon mjesec dana skladištenja u hladnjači sa normalnom atmosferom. Analiza varijanse je pokazala da su tvrdoća mesa ploda i sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije u ćelijskom soku mesa ploda uslovljeni pozicijom ploda na stablu, dok ekpozicija ploda nije značajno uticala na ponašanje plodova nakon berbe i nakon skladištenja. Najmanju tvrdoću imali su plodovi vršne zone dok je najveća vrijednost istog parametra zabilježena kod plodova iz bazne zone. Plodovi iz vršne zone imali su i najveći sadržaj rastvorljive suve materije ali kad je u pitanju najmanji sadržaj istog došlo je do određenih odstupanja posmatrajući plodove plodova nakon berbe i nakon skladištenja. Naime, plodovi iz središnje zone imali su najmanju vrijednost šećera nakon berbe ali nakon skladištenja ista vrijednost je uočena kod plodova iz vršne zone dok je sa aspekta ekspozicije uočeno jednako ponašanje plodova. Rezultati istraživanja su značanji za određivanje probirne berbe plodova voća kao i za očuvanje kvaliteta uskladištenih plodova

1-Methylcyclopropene Optimal Concentration and Treatment Conditions for Extending Storage Life of Strawberries

Given that strawberries are very short-lived and easily perishable, extending their shelf life would be very cost effective. Strawberries of the Arosa cultivar were treated with various concentrations of 1-methyl­cyclopropene (0.050, 0.100, 0.500 ppm) in order to determine the optimal concentration for extending their storage life. Two different treatment conditions were used: treatment for 2 h at 20°C and treatment for 20h at 4°C. Total phenols content, total anthocyanins, total soluble solids, fruit firmness, titratable acidity, pH and weght loss were monitored for 11 days of storage in the cold room at 3oC. The best results were achieved by treatment with 0.1 ppm 1-methylcyclopropene for 2 h at 20°C

FRUIT SELF-SUFFICIENCY ASSESSMENT IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA

Fruit is one of the essential products in the proper nutrition of the population. In the conditions of free trade, due to the great economic importance of fruits and fruit products, fruit foreign trade is subject to constant monitoring and evaluation of the production and consumption conformity. The aim of this paper is to analyze the volume, dynamics and structure of fruit production and consumption in Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) in the period 2014-2017, and point to the need for greater alignment of fruit production and consumption. Data from secondary sources were studied to determine the degree of self-sufficiency for apples, pears and plums, the three main fruit species in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Methodologically, the level of self-sufficiency was calculated using formulas recommended by FAO and the Laspeyres aggregated price index. The degree of self-sufficiency in apple is between 70% and 86%, depending on the year. Pear has the lowest production but slightly higher degree of self-sufficiency compared to apple (88-96%). BiH has a surplus only in plum, in both fresh plums and plum products, which means that the degree of self-sufficiency is higher than 100% by 2-5%. Given its geographical location and climatic conditions, BiH could produce more fruit than its current production, fully meet the needs of its population, and generate a surplus in its foreign trade

Influence of Interaction Effects of the Different Pollenizers on the Blatina Variety (<i>Vitis vinifera</i> L.) Grape Cluster and Seed Characteristics

Indigenous grape varieties represent a significant potential for viticultural diversification. Due to fertilization problems, certain varieties from this group require suitable pollenizers for successful fertilization and in order to achieve high-quality grapes. The study was conducted during the years 2016 and 2017 in the vineyard in Herzegovina (southern part of Bosnia and Herzegovina). The aim of this research is to define a suitable pollenizer for the ‘Blatina’ variety, which has a functionally female flower. Manual pollination was performed with five different pollenizers during the flowering period by applying pollen to the ‘Blatina’ variety inflorescence during the full bloom stage in the early morning hours. Pollinated inflorescences were isolated, marked, and monitored until the end of the vegetation, while open-pollinated clusters were the control group. The most important characteristics of grape clusters and seeds were analyzed. The best results during the research were obtained by open pollination. The significant effect of the pollenizers was registered in parameters: cluster mass, mass of grape berries in the cluster, number of grape berries per cluster, and average seed mass. Varieties ‘Žilavka’ and ‘Vranac’ had better characteristics compared to other pollenizer varieties. The results show that the Blatina variety production with a greater number of pollenizers ensures stable yields