Algebraic Approach to Logical Inference Implementation

The paper examines the usage potential of n-tuple algebra (NTA) developed by the authors as a theoretical generalization of structures and methods applied in intelligence systems. NTA supports formalization of a wide set of logical problems (abductive and modified conclusions, modelling of graphs, semantic networks, expert rules, etc.). This article mostly describes implementation of logical inference by means of NTA. Logical inference procedures in NTA can include, besides the known logical calculus methods, new algebraic methods for checking correctness of a consequence or for finding corollaries to a given axiom system. Inference methods consider (above feasibility of certain substitutions) inner structure of knowledge to be processed, thus providing faster solving of standard logical analysis tasks. Matrix properties of NTA objects allow to decrease laboriousness of intellectual procedures as well as to efficiently parallel logical inference algorithms. In NTA, we discovered new structural and statistical classes of conjunctive normal forms whose satisfiability can be detected for polynomial time. Consequently, many algorithms whose complexity evaluation is theoretically high, e.g. exponential, can in practice be solved in polynomial time, on the average. As for making databases more intelligent, NTA can be considered an extension of relational algebra to knowledge processing. In the authors' opinion, NTA can become a methodological basis for creating knowledge processing languages

Inductive Generalization in Logical Inference and Techniques to Estimate It

The paper presents a novel approach to problems of deductive reasoning in frames of n-tuple algebra (NTA) earlier developed by the authors. Investigations of such problems let us determine the minimal consequence in logical inference and develop techniques to find it. Besides, we have proved that many formally correct consequences are inductive generalizations of this minimal consequence. An NTA-based method is proposed to obtain a numerical estimation for the degree of such an inductive generalization. In particular, it becomes possible to predict the number of consequences for a given system of premises and the share of a minimal consequence in a universe

The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) Version 3.0

[1] The International Bathymetric Chart of the Arctic Ocean (IBCAO) released its first gridded bathymetric compilation in 1999. The IBCAO bathymetric portrayals have since supported a wide range of Arctic science activities, for example, by providing constraint for ocean circulation models and the means to define and formulate hypotheses about the geologic origin of Arctic undersea features. IBCAO Version 3.0 represents the largest improvement since 1999 taking advantage of new data sets collected by the circum-Arctic nations, opportunistic data collected from fishing vessels, data acquired from US Navy submarines and from research ships of various nations. Built using an improved gridding algorithm, this new grid is on a 500 meter spacing, revealing much greater details of the Arctic seafloor than IBCAO Version 1.0 (2.5 km) and Version 2.0 (2.0 km). The area covered by multibeam surveys has increased from ∼6% in Version 2.0 to ∼11% in Version 3.0

Atmospheric-Pressure Plasma Jet Induces Apoptosis Involving Mitochondria via Generation of Free Radicals

The plasma jet has been proposed as a novel therapeutic method for anticancer treatment. However, its biological effects and mechanism of action remain elusive. Here, we investigated its cell death effects and underlying molecular mechanisms, using air and N2 plasma jets from a micro nozzle array. Treatment with air or N2 plasma jets caused apoptotic death in human cervical cancer HeLa cells, simultaneously with depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential. In addition, the plasma jets were able to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS), which function as surrogate apoptotic signals by targeting the mitochondrial membrane potential. Antioxidants or caspase inhibitors ameliorated the apoptotic cell death induced by the air and N2 plasma jets, suggesting that the plasma jet may generate ROS as a proapoptotic cue, thus initiating mitochondria-mediated apoptosis. Taken together, our data suggest the potential employment of plasma jets as a novel therapy for cancer

Mathematics for logical computer-aided analysis of decisions in agromarketing

Collecting data on possible solutions and comparing them should be an integral part of any research in agromarketing. Publications on this topic offer a number of quantitative methods for carrying out such an analysis, but their reliability depends significantly on the accuracy of the initial data, which is usually low. This article describes a logical framework for detecting uncertainties, inconsistencies, and contradictions in the information regarding possible decisions with using our previously developed n-tuple algebra. In our opinion, this allows to computerize an important part of planning tasks in agromarketing and provides good means to objectify and enrich results of any analysis of decision options