31 research outputs found

    Influence Of Artificial Lighting On The Performance And Egg Quality Of Commercial Layers: A Review

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    In Brazil, the egg production chain produces fresh eggs for the consumer market and for processing. Layers are housed in battery cage systems. Rearing and development farms are separate from egg-production farms. Considering the recent advance of Brazilian chicken egg production, scientific knowledge on management practices are required to disseminate and to consistently apply this knowledge to improve such practices. Artificial lighting is widely used in poultry reproduction, both in the production of hatchable eggs and of commercial eggs. Light is required for the release of hormones responsible for reproduction; however, the best lighting practices to stimulate laying poultry during the reproductive period still need to be determined, with the aim of saving electric energy, and therefore, to dilute production costs and comply with environmental sustainability requirements. This review showed that layers are indeed photostimulated with more than 12 hours of light, independently of the artificial lighting program applied. Results demonstrate that artificial lighting programs influence egg production, but not egg quality parameters. Intermittent lighting programs are good alternatives when layers are housed in open-sided houses, which are typically used in Brazil. Transcranial light reception is the most important route for the stimulation of reproduction in poultry.164337344Bacon, W.L., Nestor, K.E., Reproductive response to intermittent light regimens in Coturnix Coturnix Japonica (1975) Poultry Science, 54 (6), pp. 1918-1926Boni, I.J., Paes, A., Programa de luz para matrizes: Machos e fêmeas. Anais do Simpósio Técnico sobre Matrizes de Frangos de Corte1999 Florianópolis, Santa Catarina. Brasil, pp. 17-39Borille, R., Garcia, R.G., Royer, A., Santana, M.R., Colet, S., Naas, I.A., Caldara, F.R., Castilho, V., The use of light-emitting diodes (LED) in commercial layer production [cited 2013 Jul 21] (2013) Revista Brasileira De Ciência Avícola, 15 (2), pp. 135-140. , http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2013000200009&lng=pt&nrm=iso&tlng=enBoshouwers, F., Nicaise, E., Artificial light sources and their influence on physical activity and energy expenditure of laying hens (1993) British Poultry Science, 34 (1), pp. 11-19Campos, E.J., (2000) Avicultura: Razões, Fatos E divergências, , Belo Horizonte: FEPEMVZChen, Y., Cao, J., Liu, W., Wang, Z., Xie, D., Jia, L., Green and blue monochromatic lights promote growth and development of broilers via stimulating testosterone secretion and myofiber growth (2008) The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 17 (2), pp. 11-218Cotta, J., (2002) Galinha: Produção De Ovos, , Viçosa: Aprenda FácilEr, D., Wang, Z., Cao, J., Chen, Y., Effect of monochromatic light on the egg quality of laying hens (2007) The Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 16 (4), pp. 605-612Ernst, R.A., Miillam, J.R., Matther, F.B., Review of life-history lighting programs for commercial laying fowls (1987) World’s Poultry Science Journal, 43 (1), pp. 44-55Etches, R.J., Estímulo luminoso na reprodução (1994) Fisiologia Da reprodução De Aves, pp. 59-75. , Pinheiro, M.R., Campinas: FACTAEtches, R.J., (1996) Reproducción Aviar, , Zaragoza: AcribiaFoss, D.C., Carew, L.B., Jr., Arnold, E.L., Physiological development of cockerels as influence by selected wavelengths of environmental light (1972) Poultry Science, 51 (1), pp. 1922-1927Freitas, H.J., Cotta, J., Oliveira, A.I., Gewehr, C.E., Avaliação de programas de iluminação sobre o desempenho de poedeiras leves (2005) Ciência E Agrotecnologia, 29 (2), pp. 424-428Freitas, H.J., Cotta, J., Oliveira, A.I., Murgas, L., Solis, L.D., Gewehr, C.E., Efeito de diferentes programas de iluminação para poedeiras semi-pesadas criadas em galpões abertos (2010) Biotemas, 23 (2), pp. 157-162Freitas, H.J., Gewehr, C.E., Cotta, J., (2003) Concentração De Postura De Poedeiras Brancas Sob fotoperíodos contínuos E Intermitente, pp. 1-12. , Anais do Congresso de Pós-graduação da Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais. BrasilGewehr, C.E., Freitas, H.G., Iluminação intermitente para poedeiras criadas em galpões abertos (2007) Revista De Ciências Agroveterinárias, 6 (1), pp. 54-62(2001) Effects on Poultry, , http://www.iesna.org, [cited 2009 Jan 05](2012) Estatística Da produção agropecuária, , http://www.ibge.gov.br/home/estatistica/indicadores/agropecuaria/producaoagropecuaria/shtm, [cited 2012 Fev 20]Jácome, I., (2009) Diferentes Sistemas De iluminação Artificial Usados No Alojamento De Poedeiras Leves [Tese], , Campinas (SP): Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia AgrícolaMalpaux, B., Viguié, C., Thiéry, J.C., Contrôlé photopériodique de la reproduction (1996) INRA Productions Animales, 9 (1), pp. 9-23Mobarkey, N., Avital, N., Heiblum, R., Rozenboim, I., The role of retinal and extra-retinal photostimulation in reproductive activity in broiler breeder hens (2010) Domestic Animal Endocrinology, 38 (1), pp. 235-243Morris, T.R., The effects of ahemeral light and dark cycles on egg production in the fowl (1973) Poultry Science, 52 (1), pp. 423-445Morris, T.R., Midgley, M., Butler, E.A., Experiments with the Cornell intermittent lighting system for laying hens (1988) British Poultry Science Journal, 29 (2), pp. 325-332Morris, T.R., Midgley, M., Butler, E.A., Effect of age at starting Biomittent light on performance of laying hens (1990) British Poultry Science, 31 (1), pp. 447-455Morris, T.R., Butler, E.A., New intermittent lighting program (The reading system) for laying pullets (1995) British Poultry Science Journal, 36 (1), pp. 531-535Oishi, T., Lauber, J.R., Photoreception in the photosexual response of quail and Effects of intensity and wavelength (1973) American Journal of Physiology, 225, pp. 880-886Ostrander, C.E., Turner, C.N., Effect of various intensities of light on egg production of single comb white leghorn pullets (1962) Poultry Science, 40 (1), pp. 1440-1445Pavan, A.C., Garcia, E.A., Móri, C., Pizzolante, C.C., Piccinin, A., Efeito da Densidade na Gaiola sobre o Desempenho de Poedeiras Comerciais nas Fases de Cria, Recria e Produção (2005) Revista Brasileira De Zootecnia, 34 (4), pp. 1320-1328Rocha, D., (2008) Características Comportamentais De Emas Em Cativeiro Submetidas a Diferentes fotoperíodos E Diferentes relações macho:Fêmea [Tese], , Viçosa (MG): Universidade Federal de ViçosaRozenboim, I., Zilberman, E., Gvaryahu, G., New Monochromatic Light Source Laying Hens (1998) Poultry Science, 77 (11), pp. 1695-1698Rowland, K.W., Intermittent lighting for laying fowls: A review (1985) World’s Poultry Science Journal, 41 (1), pp. 5-20Sauveur, B., Photopériodisme et reproduction des oiseaux domestiques femelles (1996) Animal Production, 9 (1), pp. 25-34Sesti, L.A., Ito, N., (2000) Enfermidades Do Sistema Reprodutor, pp. 81-128. , Berchieri Junior A, Macari M, editores, Campinas: Fundação Apinco de Ciência e Tecnologia AvícolasSkouglund, W.C., Palmer, D.H., Wabeck, C.J., Verdaris, J.N., Light intensity required for maximum egg production in hens (1975) Poultry Science, 54 (5), pp. 1375-1378Tienhoven, A.V., Ostrander, C.E., Short total photoperiods and egg production of white leghorns (1976) World’s Poultry Science Journal, 55 (1), pp. 1361-1364Xie, D., Wang, Z.X., Dong, Y.L., Cao, J., Wang, J.F., Chen, J.L., Chen, Y.X., Effects of Monochromatic Light on Immune Response of Broilers (2008) Poultry Science, 87 (1), pp. 1535-153

    Influence of artificial lighting on the performance and egg quality of commercial layers: a review

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    In Brazil, the egg production chain produces fresh eggs for the consumer market and for processing. Layers are housed in battery cage systems. Rearing and development farms are separate from egg-production farms. Considering the recent advance of Brazilian chicken egg production, scientific knowledge on management practices are required to disseminate and to consistently apply this knowledge to improve such practices. Artificial lighting is widely used in poultry reproduction, both in the production of hatchable eggs and of commercial eggs. Light is required for the release of hormones responsible for reproduction; however, the best lighting practices to stimulate laying poultry during the reproductive period still need to be determined, with the aim of saving electric energy, and therefore, to dilute production costs and comply with environmental sustainability requirements. This review showed that layers are indeed photostimulated with more than 12 hours of light, independently of the artificial lighting program applied. Results demonstrate that artificial lighting programs influence egg production, but not egg quality parameters. Intermittent lighting programs are good alternatives when layers are housed in open-sided houses, which are typically used in Brazil. Transcranial light reception is the most important route for the stimulation of reproduction in poultry.16433734

    Impact of different light sources on broiler rearing environment.

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    Broiler production is highly dependent on the use of artificial light. The light source may affect the effectiveness of housing conditions due to increasing ambient temperature and concentration of noxious gases. This research aimed to evaluate the effects of different bulb types on the thermal, aerial, and acoustic environment of broiler aviaries. The experiment was carried out at a commercial broiler farm in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Three aviaries were used, and two flocks of male broilers from Cobb® genetic strain were reared from the first day to slaughter. Each aviary was equipped with a different light source, comprising the adopted treatments (A1 - incandescent light bulb, control; A2 - sodium vapor light bulb; A3 - fluorescent light bulb). The aviaries were divided into nine quadrants, and the environmental data (ambient dry bulb temperature and relative humidity), litter surface temperature, CO2 and NH3 concentrations, and bird sound pressure behavior were recorded in each quadrant. The aviary with incandescent light presented higher air and litter temperatures, and concentration of gases than the other tested alternatives. It also presented higher level of sound pressure in the second week of the growing period; however, from this period up to slaughter, there was no effect of the light source on the results of broiler sound pressure level

    Bone Characteristics of Broilers Supplemented with Vitamin D Author(s)

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    ABSTRACT Vitamin D is added to broiler diets to supply its physiological requirement for bone formation. The fast growth rate of modern broilers is often associated with poor bone formation. Increasing vitamin D supplementation levels and the use of more available sources have applied to try to prevent leg problems, to increase carcass yield, and to improve the performance of broilers. The present study evaluated three vitamin D supplementation levels (1) 3,500 IU (control); (2) control + 1,954 IU of 25-hydroxycholecalciferol; and (3) control + 3,500 IU of vitamin D in broiler diets supplied up to 21 days of age. The objective was to investigate if the vitamin D levels above the recommendations could reduce leg problems in broilers. In this experiment, a total of 1,296 oneday-old male and female Cobb® 500 broilers were used. A 2 x 3 factorial arrangement was applied, consisting of two sexes and three vitamin D levels. No difference was found between the levels of vitamin D (p > 0.05), the performance of males or females, the gait score, the valgus and varus incidence, the tibial dyschondroplasia incidence, the occurance of femoral degeneration, the bone colorimetric, and the carcass yield. Parts yield differences were found (p > 0.05), except for liver and intestine yields. We concluded that the lowest tested vitamin D level (3,500 IU per kilogram of feed) added to the diet was the best choice in terms of cost/ benefit to help minimizing leg problems in broilers

    Influence of artificial lighting on the performance and egg quality of commercial layers: a review

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    In Brazil, the egg production chain produces fresh eggs for the consumer market and for processing. Layers are housed in battery cage systems. Rearing and development farms are separate from egg-production farms. Considering the recent advance of Brazilian chicken egg production, scientific knowledge on management practices are required to disseminate and to consistently apply this knowledge to improve such practices. Artificial lighting is widely used in poultry reproduction, both in the production of hatchable eggs and of commercial eggs. Light is required for the release of hormones responsible for reproduction; however, the best lighting practices to stimulate laying poultry during the reproductive period still need to be determined, with the aim of saving electric energy, and therefore, to dilute production costs and comply with environmental sustainability requirements. This review showed that layers are indeed photostimulated with more than 12 hours of light, independently of the artificial lighting program applied. Results demonstrate that artificial lighting programs influence egg production, but not egg quality parameters. Intermittent lighting programs are good alternatives when layers are housed in open-sided houses, which are typically used in Brazil. Transcranial light reception is the most important route for the stimulation of reproduction in poultry
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