128 research outputs found
DETERMINAZIONE DELLA SENSIBILITA' ANTIBIOTICA DEI PRINCIPALI PATOGENI RESPONSABILI DELLE INFEZIONI POLMONARI IN PAZIENTI AFFETTI DA FIBROSI CISTICA
La Fibrosi Cistica o mucoviscidosi Ăš una malattia ereditaria a carattere autosomico recessivo che si presenta con un quadro clinico molto vario: ipersalinitĂ del sudore, insufficienza pancreatica esocrina e grave e progressiva broncopneumopatia cronica.
La caratteristica peculiare della malattia a livello broncopolmonare Ăš costituita da infezioni polimicrobiche bronchiali recidivanti di difficile eradicazione.
I germi responsabili delle infezioni croniche sono Stafilococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa e ceppi patogeni emergenti quali Burkholderia cepacia, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Achromobacter xylosoxidans e Stafilococchi meticillino-resistenti.
Lo scopo della tesi Ăš stato quello di isolare i principali ceppi patogeni in pazienti affetti da Fibrosi Cistica e di valutarne le sensibilitĂ antibiotiche. Lâanalisi Ăš stata effettuata su campioni di pazienti fibrocistici pervenuti presso la sezione di Microbiologia dellâOspedale âMisericordiaâ di Grosseto durante il periodo .01/01/2007-31/07/2010.
I dati locali ottenuti rispecchiano lâepidemiologia nazionale ed internazionale sia per quanto riguarda i tipi di ceppi patogeni isolati sia per la loro frequenza, ad esclusione della percentuale di isolamenti di Staphylococcus aureus e dei ceppi MRSA che nella nostra realtĂ locale sono risultati percentualmente inferiori rispetto ai dati di letteratura nazionale ed internazionale. Questa differenza puĂČ essere imputata al minore numero di campioni locali analizzati rispetto alla casistica studiata a livello internazionale. Anche i risultati locali relativi allâandamento delle sensibilitĂ antibiotiche sono apparsi compatibili con quanto citato in letteratura sullâargomento. La sola discrepanza che si Ăš osservata Ăš stata lâelevata resistenza del ceppo rugoso di P. aeruginosa verso la tobramicina che secondo i dati riportati dalla letteratura viene considerato un farmaco di eccelenza nella terapia antibiotica contro le infezioni polmonari sostenute da P. aeruginosa in pazienti affetti da Fibrosi Cistica. Ă comunque importante considerare che negli ultimi anni Ăš stato osservato un incremento della resistenza di P. aeruginosa verso la tobramicina e per questo motivo la terapia antibiotica che viene considerata piĂč efficace Ăš lâassociazione della tobramicina con la ciprofloxacina. Inoltre Ăš necessario considerare che la sensibilitĂ o la resistenza in vitro possono essere differenti dall'efficacia reale di un farmaco in vivo
Dual-Band Dual-Linear Polarization Reflectarray for mmWaves/5G Applications
A dual-band dual-linear polarization reflectarray configuration is developed for future 5G cellular applications. A single layer unit cell including two pairs of miniaturized fractal patches is designed to operate at two distinct frequencies within the Ka-band (27/32 GHz), in a dual-polarization mode. An in-depth analysis of the unit cell behavior is carried out, to demonstrate the total independence between the designed frequency bands and polarizations. The proposed configuration offers a very simply and thin structure, small unit cell sizes, and low losses, while leading to an independent optimization of the phase at each frequency and polarization. A dual-band/dual-polarized reflectarray prototype is designed and tested, thus demonstrating the unit cell flexibility to offer arbitrary beam directions/shapes at each frequency, for both polarizations
PET criteria by cancer type from imaging interpretation to treatment response assessment: beyond FDG PET score
Background: in recent years, the role of positron emission tomography (PET) and
PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) has emerged as a reliable diagnostic tool in a wide variety of
pathological conditions. This review aims to collect and review PET criteria developed for interpretation
and treatment response assessment in cases of non-[18F]fluorodeoxyglucose ([18F]FDG) imaging
in oncology. Methods: A wide literature search of the PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Google
Scholar databases was made to find relevant published articles about non-[18F]FDG PET response
criteria. Results: The comprehensive computer literature search revealed 183 articles. On reviewing
the titles and abstracts, 149 articles were excluded because the reported data were not within the
field of interest. Finally, 34 articles were selected and retrieved in full-text versions. Conclusions:
available criteria are a promising tool for the interpretation of non-FDG PET scans, but also to assess
the response to therapy and therefore to predict the prognosis. However, oriented clinical trials are
needed to clearly evaluate their impact on patient management
Epidemiology and Microbiology of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: Preliminary Results of a National Registry
Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) represent a wide range of clinical conditions characterized by a considerable variety of clinical presentations and severity. Their aetiology can also vary, with numerous possible causative pathogens. While other authors previously published analyses on several types of SSTI and on restricted types of patients, we conducted a large nationwide surveillance programme on behalf of the Italian Society of Infectious and Tropical Diseases to assess the clinical and microbiological characteristics of the whole SSTI spectrum, from mild to severe life-threatening infections, in both inpatients and outpatients. Twenty-five Infectious Diseases (ID) Centres throughout Italy collected prospectively data concerning both the clinical and microbiological diagnosis of patients affected by SSTIs via an electronic case report form. All the cases included in our database, independently from their severity, have been managed by ID specialists joining the study while SSTIs from other wards/clinics have been excluded from this analysis. Here, we report the preliminary results of our study, referring to a 12-month period (October 2016âSeptember 2017). During this period, the study population included 254 adult patients and a total of 291 SSTI diagnoses were posed, with 36 patients presenting more than one SSTIs. The type of infection diagnosed, the aetiological micro-organisms involved and some notes on their antimicrobial susceptibilities were collected and are reported herein. The enrichment of our registry is ongoing, but these preliminary results suggest that further analysis could soon provide useful information to better understand the national epidemiologic data and the current clinical management of SSTIs in Italy
Ceftolozane/Tazobactam for Treatment of Severe ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales Infections: A Multicenter Nationwide Clinical Experience (CEFTABUSE II Study)
Background. Few data are reported in the literature about the outcome of patients with severe extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacterales (ESBL-E) infections treated with ceftolozane/tazobactam (C/T), in empiric or definitive therapy.Methods. A multicenter retrospective study was performed in Italy (June 2016-June 2019). Successful clinical outcome was defined as complete resolution of clinical signs/symptoms related to ESBL-E infection and lack of microbiological evidence of infection. The primary end point was to identify predictors of clinical failure of C/T therapy.Results. C/T treatment was documented in 153 patients: pneumonia was the most common diagnosis (n = 46, 30%), followed by 34 cases of complicated urinary tract infections (22.2%). Septic shock was observed in 42 (27.5%) patients. C/T was used as empiric therapy in 46 (30%) patients and as monotherapy in 127 (83%) patients. Favorable clinical outcome was observed in 128 (83.7%) patients; 25 patients were considered to have failed C/T therapy. Overall, 30-day mortality was reported for 15 (9.8%) patients. At multivariate analysis, Charlson comorbidity index >4 (odds ratio [OR], 2.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9-3.5; P = .02), septic shock (OR, 6.2; 95% CI, 3.8-7.9; P < .001), and continuous renal replacement therapy (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.9-5.3; P = .001) were independently associated with clinical failure, whereas empiric therapy displaying in vitro activity (OR, 0.12; 95% CI, 0.01-0.34; P < .001) and adequate source control of infection (OR, 0.42; 95% CI, 0.14-0.55; P < .001) were associated with clinical success.Conclusions. Data show that C/T could be a valid option in empiric and/or targeted therapy in patients with severe infections caused by ESBL-producing Enterobacterales. Clinicians should be aware of the risk of clinical failure with standard-dose C/T therapy in septic patients receiving CRRT
A study of CP violation in B-+/- -> DK +/- and B-+/- -> D pi(+/-) decays with D -> (KSK +/-)-K-0 pi(-/+) final states
A first study of CP violation in the decay modes and , where labels a or meson and labels a or meson, is performed. The analysis uses the LHCb data set collected in collisions, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3 fb. The analysis is sensitive to the CP-violating CKM phase through seven observables: one charge asymmetry in each of the four modes and three ratios of the charge-integrated yields. The results are consistent with measurements of using other decay modes
Study of the rare B-s(0) and B-0 decays into the pi(+) pi(-) mu(+) mu(-) final state
A search for the rare decays and is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5-1.3 GeV/ and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay and the first evidence of the decay are obtained and the branching fractions are measured to be and , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay , used as a normalisation.A search for the rare decays Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fbâ1 collected by the LHCb detector in protonâproton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV . Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5â1.3 GeV/c2 and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and the first evidence of the decay B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be B(Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(8.6±1.5 (stat)±0.7 (syst)±0.7(norm))Ă10â8 and B(B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(2.11±0.51(stat)±0.15(syst)±0.16(norm))Ă10â8 , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0âJ/Ï(âÎŒ+ÎŒâ)Kâ(892)0(âK+Ïâ) , used as a normalisation.A search for the rare decays Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fbâ1 collected by the LHCb detector in protonâproton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV . Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5â1.3 GeV/c2 and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ and the first evidence of the decay B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be B(Bs0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(8.6±1.5 (stat)±0.7 (syst)±0.7(norm))Ă10â8 and B(B0âÏ+ÏâÎŒ+ÎŒâ)=(2.11±0.51(stat)±0.15(syst)±0.16(norm))Ă10â8 , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay B0âJ/Ï(âÎŒ+ÎŒâ)Kâ(892)0(âK+Ïâ) , used as a normalisation.A search for the rare decays and is performed in a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 3.0 fb collected by the LHCb detector in proton-proton collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 7 and 8 TeV. Decay candidates with pion pairs that have invariant mass in the range 0.5-1.3 GeV/ and with muon pairs that do not originate from a resonance are considered. The first observation of the decay and the first evidence of the decay are obtained and the branching fractions, restricted to the dipion-mass range considered, are measured to be and , where the third uncertainty is due to the branching fraction of the decay , used as a normalisation
Search for the lepton flavour violating decay tau(-) -> mu(-)mu(+)mu(-)
A search for the lepton flavour violating decay is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 2.0 fb at 8 TeV. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90% confidence level on the branching fraction, .A search for the lepton flavour violating decay Ï â ÎŒ ÎŒ ÎŒ is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 1.0 fb of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and 2.0 fb at 8 TeV. No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at 90% confidence level on the branching fraction, .A search for the lepton flavour violating decay is performed with the LHCb experiment. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of of proton-proton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of and at . No evidence is found for a signal, and a limit is set at confidence level on the branching fraction,
- âŠ