Barley Diets for Growing-Finishing Pigs

Barley is an important feed ingredient that may be used as an alternative for corn in swine diets. It is higher in protein and the amino acid lysine than is corn. But, it also contains less energy than corn and thus diets based on barley as the grain source are less efficient than corn based diets. It has also been suggested that hogs fed barley diets do not yield ~s well as those fed corn diets. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effect of lysine and fat supplementation to barley based diets and to compare these diets with corn based diets. A further objective was to determine the effect of barley diets on carcass characteristics and dressing percentage

Lysine Supplementation of Barley-Soybean Meal Diets for Growing Pigs

The lysine requirement of pigs as suggested by the National Research Council (NRC) was determined using corn-soybean meal based diets. More recent research has indicated that differences exist in the availability of lysine in different ingredients. It has been suggested that lysine in barley is less available than lysine in corn. Thus, it is possible that diets formulated with barley and soybean meal to meet the NRC\u27s suggested lysine requirement, might actually be deficient in this amino acid. This study was conducted to determine the lysine needs of pigs fed barley-soybean meal diets from approximately 45 to 75 lb

Effect of Tryptophan Supplementation of a Low Protein, Corn-Sunflower Meal Diet for Young Growing Pigs

Research conducted at South Dakota State University and reported in the 1983 and 1984 Swine Field Day Proceedings, indicated that the amino acid tryptophan is limiting in a lysine supplemented, 12% protein, corn-sunflower meal diet fed to young weaned pigs. This trial was conducted to further study the effects of tryptophan supplementation of an amino acid fortified, 12% protein, corn-sunflower meal diet and to estimate the dietary tryptophan requirement of the young weaned pig fed that diet

Effect of Added Threonine in a Lysine Supplemented, Low Protein Corn-Sunflower Meal Diet

Threonine has been shown to be one of the limiting amino acids in certain types of swine diets. Recent research indicates that the level of threonine required by the young growing pig may be greater than that suggested by the National Research Council (NRC). Research reported in the 1983 Swine Field Day Proceedings, indicated that lysine, threonine and tryptophan are the first three limiting amino acids in a corn-sunflower meal diet with lysine being most deficient. The trial reported, herein, was conducted to identify the optimum level of threonine required by the young growing pig fed a low protein, lysine supplemented corn-sunflower meal diet

The Effect of Protein Level and Amino Acid Supplementation of Sunflower Meal Diets for Young Pigs

Dietary protein recommendations for pigs were developed using corn-soybean meal diets. Diets formulated to contain less protein than recommended will result in reduced performance because of a deficiency of amino acid(s). However, more recent research suggests that pig performance can be maintained when feeding diets containing a substantially reduced protein content if limiting amino acids are supplemented to meet dietary requirements. Previous research at South Dakota State University has identified lysine, tryptophan and threonine as deficient amino acids in a 12% protein, corn-sunflower meal diet. The objectives of the trial reported herein were to study the effect of protein level (12, 15, 18 and 21%) in corn-sunflower meal diets containing all essential amino acids in excess of National Research Council recommendations and to determine the effect of glutamic acid supplementation to a low protein (12%) diet as a non-essential amino acid nitrogen source

Effect of Added tryptophan in a Lysine Supplemented Low-Protein, Corn-Soybean Meal Diet

South Dakota\u27s production of sunflowers has been increasing during recent years and sunflowers are now recognized as an important crop in the state. Sunflowers are an excellent source of oil, with certain varieties containing up to 40% oil. Similar to soybean meal, the by-product of sunflower oil processing is a meal which can be used as a source of protein in formulating swine rations. A previous experiment, reported in the 1983 Swine Field Day Proceedings, indicated that the limiting amino acids in a corn-sunflower meal diet are lysine, tryptophan and threonine. This study was conducted to identify the optimum level of tryptophan in a lysine fortified low-protein, corn-sunflower meal diet for young growing pigs

Effect of Threonine Supplementation of a Low Protein, Corn-Sunflower Meal Diet for Young Growing Pigs

Of the ten essential amino acids required by swine, lysine, tryptophan and threonine have been reported by many researchers as being the first three limiting amino acids in cereal based swine diets. Research reported in the 1984 Swine Field Day Proceedings suggested supplementation of threonine to an amino acid fortified, low protein, corn-sunflower meal diet improves weanling pig performance. This trial was conducted as a continuation of the study of the effects of threonine supplementation an amino acid fortified, low protein, corn-sunflower meal diet and to estimate the dietary requirement of threonine of young growing pigs

The influence of emotional reaction on help seeking by victims of school bullying

Research has started to focus on how victims of school bullying cope, but there is still very little understanding if why pupils cope in one way and not another. This paper aimed to examine the effects of gender, school-stage, frequency of victimization and different emotions (anger, vengeance, self-pity, indifference, and helplessness) upon the choice of social support that children report using. Questionnaires were completed by 6282 Maltese schoolchildren aged between 9 and 14 years old. Analyses revealed that specific patterns of emotion and victimization predict whether pupils report using certain sources of social support. Results are discussed in relation to their relevance for possible intervention, future research needs and implications for the theoretical framework used

Lifelong learning and schools as community learning centres : key aspects of a national curriculum draft policy framework for Malta

The island of Malta has been engaged in policy document formulations for curriculum renewal in the country’s educational system (4-16 years of age) since 1988 when the first National Minimum Curriculum (henceforth NMC) was launched (Wain, 1991; Borg et al, 1995). In 1999 a revamped NMC (Ministry of Education, 1999) was developed following a long process of consultation involving various stages and stakeholders. It was a compromise document (Borg & Mayo, 2006) which emerged as a result of reactions to a more radical and coherent draft document produced in 1988. Both curricular documents were subject to debates and critiques (Wain, 1991; Darmanin, 1993; Borg et al, 1995; Giordmaina, 2000; Borg and Mayo, 2006). More recently a series of volumes providing guidelines, key principles and aims for a national curriculum framework (henceforth NCF) have been produced (MEEF, 2011a,b,c,d) and are currently the target of debate and the focus of reactions by various stakeholders in education including teachers who were asked to read the volumes and provide reactions in the form of answers to a set questionnaire. In this paper, I will focus on one aspect of the documents, the first of its three aims: ‘Learners who are capable of successfully developing their full potential as lifelong learners.’ It is that aspect of the framework documents that falls within the purview of the title for this special issue. The use of this notion attests to the influence of the EU’s policy communications on member states, Malta having joined the Union in 2004 (Mayo, 2007).peer-reviewe

Effect of Weaning Age on Pig Performance to Eight Weeks

The economic return that is realized by a commercial swine operation is largely determined by the efficiency of the sow herd. Increasing litter size and shortening the interval between litters results in greater yearly production per sow unit. Weaning at 2 weeks and allowing 10 days for rebreeding, theoretically, allows the production of 2.65 litters per sow per year~ compared to the national average of 1.7 litters. This study was conducted to determine the effect of weaning age on post weaning performance