3′-[Hy­droxy(4-oxo-4H-chromen-3-yl)meth­yl]-2-oxospiro­[indoline-3,2′-pyrrolidine]-3′-carbonitrile

In the title compound, C23H19N3O4, the pyran ring adopts a half-chair conformation, while the pyrrolidine (with a C atom as the flap atom) and the five-membered ring in the indoline (with a C atom as the flap atom) ring system adopt slight envelope conformations. The pyrrolidine ring makes dihedral angles of 83.3 (1) and 60.4 (1)° with the mean plane through all non-H atoms of the indoline and chromene ring systems, respectively. In the crystal, mol­ecules are connected by two unique N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions, which form centrosymmetric patterns described by graph-set motifs R 2 2(18) and R 2 2(14). These two motifs combine to form a hydrogen-bonded chain which propagates in the a-axis direction. The crystal structure is also stablized by C—H⋯O inter­actions and by aromatic π–π stacking inter­actions between the pyran and benzene rings of neighbouring mol­ecules [centroid–centroid distance = 3.755 (1) Å and slippage = 1.371 (2) Å]

Intestine-Specific, Oral Delivery of Captopril/Montmorillonite: Formulation and Release Kinetics

The intercalation of captopril (CP) into the interlayers of montmorillonite (MMT) affords an intestine-selective drug delivery system that has a captopril-loading capacity of up to ca. 14 %w/w and which exhibits near-zero-order release kinetics

Role of Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain Complexes in Capsaicin Mediated Oxidative Stress Leading to Apoptosis in Pancreatic Cancer Cells

We evaluated the mechanism of capsaicin-mediated ROS generation in pancreatic cancer cells. The generation of ROS was about 4–6 fold more as compared to control and as early as 1 h after capsaicin treatment in BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cells but not in normal HPDE-6 cells. The generation of ROS was inhibited by catalase and EUK-134. To delineate the mechanism of ROS generation, enzymatic activities of mitochondrial complex-I and complex-III were determined in the pure mitochondria. Our results shows that capsaicin inhibits about 2.5–9% and 5–20% of complex-I activity and 8–75% of complex-III activity in BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cells respectively, which was attenuable by SOD, catalase and EUK-134. On the other hand, capsaicin treatment failed to inhibit complex-I or complex-III activities in normal HPDE-6 cells. The ATP levels were drastically suppressed by capsaicin treatment in both BxPC-3 and AsPC-1 cells and attenuated by catalase or EUK-134. Oxidation of mitochondria-specific cardiolipin was substantially higher in capsaicin treated cells. BxPC-3 derived ρ0 cells, which lack mitochondrial DNA, were completely resistant to capsaicin mediated ROS generation and apoptosis. Our results reveal that the release of cytochrome c and cleavage of both caspase-9 and caspase-3 due to disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential were significantly blocked by catalase and EUK-134 in BxPC-3 cells. Our results further demonstrate that capsaicin treatment not only inhibit the enzymatic activity and expression of SOD, catalase and glutathione peroxidase but also reduce glutathione level. Over-expression of catalase by transient transfection protected the cells from capsaicin-mediated ROS generation and apoptosis. Furthermore, tumors from mice orally fed with 2.5 mg/kg capsaicin show decreased SOD activity and an increase in GSSG/GSH levels as compared to controls. Taken together, our results suggest the involvement of mitochondrial complex-I and III in capsaicin-mediated ROS generation and decrease in antioxidant levels resulting in severe mitochondrial damage leading to apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells

One pot synthesis of 1-azaxanthones <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">via</i> Friedlander condensation

83-87<span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold" lang="EN-US">Friedlander condensation has been employed to synthesise a series of azaxanthones from aminochromonone aldehyde and cyclic 1,3-diketones in the presence of Lewis acid catalyst. Among several Lewis acids explored, the best results have been obtained with Yb(OTf)3 using xylene as a solvent. </span

Synthesis of β-aminoketone by reaction of amine and activated chalcone in microwave irradiation

825-828A simple and efficient protocol has been developed for the aza-Michael addition of amines to a variety of activated olefins or chalcones under microwave irradiation. Under these conditions, there is a significant decrease in the reaction time while considerable increase in the yield and purity of the products can be obtained

Synthesis of biologically active benzothiazole substituted thiazolidinone derivatives via cyclization of unsymmetrical imines

1577-1582Novel benzothiazole substituted thiazolidinone derivatives are synthesized through cyclisation of unsymmetrical imine with mercaptoacid in the presence of SnCl2.2H2O and evaluated their inhibition ability against Proteus mirabilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Klebsiella pneumoniae.</i

8,8-Dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-chromeno[2,3-b]quinoline-10,12-dione

In the title compound, C18H15NO3, the fused benzopyran and pyridine rings are essentially coplanar [r.m.s. deviation = 0.0533&#8197;&#197; with a maximum deviation of 0.080&#8197;(1)&#8197;&#197; for a benzene C atom]. The cyclohexanone ring adopts an envelope conformation with the dimethyl-substituted C atom 0.660&#8197;(2)&#8197;&#197; out of the plane formed by the remaining ring atoms (r.m.s. deviation = 0.0305&#8197;&#197;). The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the pyran and cyclohexanone rings is 12.95&#8197;(6)&#176;. In the crystal, molecules are linked via C&#8212;H...O hydrogen bonds, leading to chains running along [011]

2-Chloro-8,8-dimethyl-8,9-dihydro-7H-chromeno[2,3-b]quinoline-10,12-dione

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C18H14ClNO3, contains two independent molecules (A and B). In both molecules, the cyclohexanone ring has a chair conformation. The dihedral angles between the pyran ring and the pyridine and chlorophenyl rings are 2.13&#8197;(9) and 2.19&#8197;(9)&#176;, respectively, in A, and 0.82&#8197;(9) and 1.93&#8197;(9)&#176;, respectively, in B. The carbonyl O atoms deviate from the pyran and benzene rings to which they are attached by &#8722;0.092&#8197;(2) and 0.064&#8197;(2)&#8197;&#197;, respectively, in A, and by &#8722;0.080&#8197;(2) and &#8722;0.063&#8197;(2)&#8197;&#197;, respectively, in B. In the crystal, the A molecules are linked via C&#8212;H...O hydrogen bonds, forming double-stranded chains along [100]. They lie parallel to the double-stranded chains formed by the B molecules, which are also linked via C&#8212;H...O hydrogen bonds. The chains stack up the c axis in an &#8211;A&#8211;A&#8211;B&#8211;B&#8211;A&#8211;A&#8211; manner, with a number of &#960;&#8211;&#960; interactions involving A and B molecules; the centroid&#8211;centroid distances vary from 3.4862&#8197;(11) to 3.6848&#8197;(11)&#8197;&#197