165 research outputs found
Synchronized somatic embryo development in embryogenic suspensions of grapevine Muscadinia rotundifolia (Michx.) Small
High-frequency, synchronous embryogenic systems in liquid culture facilitate plant regeneration and can be used as an essential model for performing functional genomics studies and understanding molecular aspect of the ontogenesis of higher plants. In the present study, synchronous somatic embryogenic cultures were developed for Muscadinia rotundifolia cv. Darlene and Vitis vinifera cv. Velika. High cell density and presence of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) proved to be essential for the establishment of the suspension cultures. Low cell density and continuous availability of auxin (2,4-D) was crucial for maintenance of suspension cultures. High cell density and withdrawal of 2,4-D is sufficient to advance somatic embryo development toward embryo differentiation and plantlets regeneration. Cells and cell clusters fractionation by density gradient centrifugation in Ficoll solution demonstrated to be a suitable method for separation of subpopulations with various potential for embryo development. The high frequency of synchronous development and differentiation of somatic embryos was attained essentially for the heaviest (at 16-18 % and >18 % Ficoll layer) cell population
Spin-driven Phase Transitions in ZnCrSe and ZnCrS Probed by High Resolution Synchrotron X-ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction
The crystal and magnetic structures of the spinel compounds ZnCrS and
ZnCrSe were investigated by high resolution powder synchrotron and
neutron diffraction. ZnCrSe exhibits a first order phase transition at
K into an incommensurate helical magnetic structure. Magnetic
fluctuations above are coupled to the crystal lattice as manifested by
negative thermal expansion. Both, the complex magnetic structure and the
anomalous structural behavior can be related to magnetic frustration.
Application of an external magnetic field shifts the ordering temperature and
the regime of negative thermal expansion towards lower temperatures. Thereby,
the spin ordering changes into a conical structure. ZnCrS shows two
magnetic transitions at K and K that are accompanied by
structural phase transitions. The crystal structure transforms from the cubic
spinel-type (space group \={3}) at high temperatures in the paramagnetic
state, via a tetragonally distorted intermediate phase (space group /
) for into a low temperature orthorhombic phase
(space group ) for . The cooperative displacement of
sulfur ions by exchange striction is the origin of these structural phase
transitions. The low temperature structure of ZnCrS is identical to the
orthorhombic structure of magnetite below the Verwey transition. When applying
a magnetic field of 5 T the system shows an induced negative thermal expansion
in the intermediate magnetic phase as observed in ZnCrSe.Comment: 11 pages, 13 figures, to be published in PR
Effects of Cr<sup>3+</sup> concentration on the optical properties of Cs<sub>2</sub>NaAlF<sub>6</sub> single crystals
Uso de marcadores ISSR para a avaliação da variabilidade genética entre genótipos de cajueiro.
Morphological variability of cashews from the Brazilian Cerrado.
bitstream/item/34190/1/RE10029.pd
Similaridade genética entre híbridos F1 de cajueiro identificada com a adoção de iniciadores RAPD.
Glass Transition in the Polaron Dynamics of CMR Manganites
Neutron scattering measurements on a bilayer manganite near optimal doping
show that the short-range polarons correlations are completely dynamic at high
T, but then freeze upon cooling to a temperature T* 310 K. This glass
transition suggests that the paramagnetic/insulating state arises from an
inherent orbital frustration that inhibits the formation of a long range
orbital- and charge-ordered state. Upon further cooling into the
ferromagnetic-metallic state (Tc=114 K), where the polarons melt, the diffuse
scattering quickly develops into a propagating, transverse optic phonon.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures. Physical Review Letters (in Press
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