Effects of a combined stretching training on flexibility of students in sports science program Silpakorn University

The research aimed to compare the effect of combined stretching training on flexibility and to compare the difference of the flexibility between male and female students in sports science program after 8 week of training. The subjects were 20 (10 male, 10 female) of the first year students in sports science program, Silpakorn University. The trainings were done in 30 minutes per day, 3 days per week, for 8 weeks. The flexibility tests were done every 2 weeks of training until 8 week. The data were analyzed by mean, standard deviation, One-way Analysis of Variance with repeated measures and compared in pair by using Bonferroni method with statistically significant at .05. The results showed the flexibility of male and female students in sports science program after the combined stretching training program was different with statistically significant at .05 and the difference in the flexibility of female students after 8 week of the combined stretching training program were increased higher than male students. In summary, the combined stretching training program can increase the flexibility both of the male and female students in sports science program and can increase flexibility in female more than male students. This study is limited from subjects improperly cloth. Certain sportswear does not allow the flexibility of the fabric during exercise. Further study should study the effects of combined stretching training program on the performance measures

THERAPEUTIC DOSAGE RANGES AND CHRONIC ADVERSE EFFECTS OF TACROLIMUS IN THAI KIDNEY TRANSPLANT PATIENTS

Objective: This study proposed to study the therapeutic dosage ranges and to determine the prevalence of and the risk factors for the adverse effectsof Thai tacrolimus-based therapy kidney transplant patients.Methods: The fifty-nine kidney transplant patients who had kidney transplantation between January 2016 and May 2018 and were non-diabetic,non-hypertension, and normal kidney parameters before kidney transplantation were enrolled and followed up for 6 months. Data on graft rejectionepisodes and three significant adverse effects of tacrolimus, nephrotoxicity, hypertension (HTN), and post-transplant diabetes mellitus (PTDM) ateach time point were recorded and analyzed.Results: The range and mean (±standard deviation) of tacrolimus troughs level for the 204 points were 3.9–10.2 ng/ml and 6.4±1.8 ng/ml, respectively.About 73% of patients had HTN, 61% were on antihypertensive drugs, and 32% had PTDM. Seven patients (12%) proved to have allograft rejectionby kidney biopsy. Only four patients did not have any three adverse effects. Similarly, laboratory parameters (SCr, BUN, and blood pressure) wereidentical during each period. All patients received prednisolone and mycophenolate mofetil as part of the comedication immunosuppressive regimen.Conclusion: There was no significant difference between tacrolimus chronic adverse effects and therapeutic tacrolimus trough concentrations in Thaikidney transplant patients. Further investigations concerning pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics will be needed to improve the efficacy andsafety of tacrolimus

Determination of Saxitoxin by Receptor Binding Assay: A New Radiolabeled Kit in Thailand

Objective: A receptor binding assay for detection of saxitoxin, a paralytic shellfish poisoning toxin, was formatted for use in a high throughputdetection system using microplate scintillation counting. The RBA technology was transferred from the NOAA National Ocean Service, SC USA, tothe Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology, which uses a Perkin Elmer Microbeta TriLux 1450 microplate scintillation counter. Methods: Validationof method was performed by participating in the regional inter-laboratory program. The result yielded all parameters within the critical control point(i.e. RSD less than 30%). Results: The slope of the calibration graph = 1.2 + 0.26 (RSD = 21.7%) (criteria = 0.8 - 1.2), half maximal inhibition (IC50)= 3.1 + 0.47 nM (RSD = 15.2%) (criteria = 3.0 nM), dynamic range = 1.2 - 10 nM and the limit of detection (IC80) from graph = 1.2 nM, equivalentto the limit of quantification of 2.57 mg/100 g shellfish. The result of analysis of unknown samples yielded the RSD between assays ranging from 6 -23% and the recovery compared to the expected value ranging from 79 -133%. The application of RBA for determination of PSP in shellfish samplesyielded RSD in assays less than 30% and between assays ranging from 1.4-15.2%. Conclusion: RBA for STX has showed a valuable for rapid,reliable, cost-effective alternative to live animal testing and high throughput screen prior to testing by the conventional mouse bioassay (MBA) and itssuitability for providing an early warning of increasing PSP toxicity when toxin levels are below the MBA limit of detection.Keywords: saxitoxin, receptor binding assay, paralytic shellfish poisoning, tritiumThai Pharm Health Sci J 2010;5(4):287-295

การพัฒนาหนังสือเสียงระบบเดซี เรื่อง อาเซียนศึกษาสำหรับนักเรียนผู้มีความบกพร่องทางสายตา โรงเรียนสอนคนตาบอดกรุงเทพ

The objectives of this research were 1) to develop DAISY audio books on ASEAN studies for visual impair students based on quality and criterion of 70/70 standard, 2) to compare leaning achievement pre-test and after study by DAISY audio books, 3) to study Effectiveness Index of DAISY audio books, and 4) to study the visual impair students’ satisfaction on the developed DAISY audio books. The research sample were 8 the sixth grade students for visual impair students at the Bangkok School for the Blind that study in 2014 academic year. The research tools utilized in this study were DAISY audio books on ASEAN studies, quality evaluation form, pretest and posttest, and the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by percentage, mean, standard deviation, Effectiveness Index, and Z-Test. The research result show that 1) the showed quality at DAISY audio books on ASEAN studies for visual impair students “good” level (Mean = 4.52), content quality at “good” level (Mean = 4.41), technical quality at “vary good” level (Mean = 4.63), the efficiency at 75.50/70.00, 2) the leaning achievement after studying through DAISY audio books on ASEAN studies were significantly higher than the students pre-test scores at .05 level, 3) Effectiveness Index of DAISY audio books on ASEAN studies for visual impair students showed at 0.58 that mean students’ learning progressively increased 58 percentage, and 4) the students’ satisfaction on the DAISY audio books on ASEAN showed at highest level (Mean = 4.74

Free fatty acids from the crude hexane extract of the aerial parts of Heliotropium indicum Linn. Growing in Phitsanulok, Thailand

Sixteen free fatty acids from the crude hexane extract of the aerial parts of Heliotropium indicum Linn. growing in Phitsanulok, Thailand, have been identified after conversion to their methyl esters with boron trifluoride-methanol followed by quantification by GC-FID and identification by GC-MS analysis. They accounted for 95% of the chromatographable components, with 9,12-octadecadienoic acid, (39.7%), 9-octadecenoic acid (32.4%), hexadecanoic acid (14.2%) and octadecanoic acid (5.1%), as the major constituents. A small amount of 6,10,14-trimethyl-2-pentadecanone and 3,7,11,15-tetramethyl-2-hexadecen-1-ol as well as a homologous series of n-alkanes present at trace level and ranging from C25 to C31 was also found (see Table 1). The crude hexane extract has been shown to have modest antituberculosis activity (MIC of 100 mg/mL) against Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra

Chemical constituents and antioxidant and biological activities of the essential oil from leaves of Solanum spirale

The essential oil of the leaves Solanium spirale Roxb. was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed for the first time using GC and GC-MS. Thirty-nine constituents were identified, constituting 73.36% of the total chromatographical oil components. (E)-Phytol (48.10%), n-hexadecanoic acid (7.34%), beta-selinene (3.67%), alpha-selinene (2.74%), octadecanoic acid (2.12%) and hexahydrofarnesyl acetone (2.00%) were the major components of this oil. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated by using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging assay. The oil exhibited week antioxidant activity with an IC50 of 41.89 mg/mL. The essential oil showed significant antibacterial activity against both Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus with MIC values of 43.0 microg/mL and 21.5 microg/mL, respectively. It also showed significant cytotoxicity against KB (oral cancer), MCF-7 (breast cancer) and NCI-H187 (small cell lung cancer) with the IC50 values of 26.42, 19.69, and 24.02 microg/mL, respectively

Magnetic particles-based chemiluminescence immunoassay for progesterone determination

© 2017, Chiang Mai University. All rights reserved. A magnetic particles-based chemiluminescence immunoassay was investigated for progesterone detection by using luminometer. In this work, progesterone was determined based on the competitive binding between progesterone in the sample and progesterone-horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugate for a constant amount of rabbit anti-progesterone. Initially, anti-rabbit IgG coated magnetic particles conjugated with primary progesterone antibody were bound to progesterone in the samples. Then, the amount of proge sterone was quantified by reacting with the residual unoccupied antibody sites with HRP-progesterone, followed by HRP substrate (luminol, H 2 O 2 , and p-iodophenol (PIP)) and finally detection of the generated chemiluminescence by a luminometer. The intensity of the emitting light was proportional to the amount of enzyme present (HRP-progesterone) and was inversely related to the amount of unlabeled progesterone in the sample. The optimum conditions for determination of progesterone were obtained at 0.15 μg L -1 magnetic particles, 5.0x10-4 mol L -1 luminol, 5.0 × 10 -3 mol L -1 H 2 O 2 , 1.0 × 10 -3 mol L -1 PIP, and phosphate buffer saline buffer pH 9. The optimal dilutions of both anti-progesterone antibody and HRP-progesterone conjugate were 1:1000. The linear relationship between chemiluminescence intensity (RLU) and various concentrations of progesterone was over the concentration range of 0.5-50.0 μg L -1 . This proposed method had been successfully applied to the evaluation of progesterone in human sera

Antimalarial, anticancer, antimicrobial activities and chemical constituents of essential oil from the aerial parts of Cyperus kyllingia Endl.

The chemical constituents of the essential oil from Cyperus kyllingia Endl. were analyzed by a GC, GC-MS. Twenty-three compounds were identified, accounting for 93.75% of the total oil that consisted mainly of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (53.52%), particularly sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (38.97%), and carboxylic acid (1.26%). The most representative compounds were α-cadinol (19.32%), caryophyllene oxide (12.17%), α-muurolol (11.58%), α-humulene (9.85%), and α-atlantone (6.07%). The oil showed significant activities against Plasmodium falcipalum (K1, multi drug resistant strain) and NCI-H187 (Small Cell Lung Cancer) with the IC50 values of 7.52 and 7.72 μg/mL, respectively. The oil exhibited highly active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923 and moderately active against Escherichia coli ATCC25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC27553, Aspergillus flavus and Candida albicans

Educational level as a cause of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Caution from triangulation of observational and genetic evidence

Background and objective: Education might be causal to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We triangulated cohort and genetic evidence to consolidate the causality between education and T2DM. / Methods: We obtained observational evidence from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA). Self-reporting educational attainment was categorised as high (post-secondary and higher), middle (secondary), and low (below secondary or no academic qualifications) in 6,786 community-dwelling individuals aged ≥ 50 years without diabetes at ELSA wave 2, who were followed until wave 8 for the first diabetes diagnosis. Additionally, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomisation (MR) using an inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median (WM), and weighted mode-based estimate (WMBE) method. Steiger filtering was further applied to exclude single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that were correlated with an outcome (T2DM) stronger than exposure (education attainment). / Results: We observed 598 new diabetes cases after 10.4 years of follow-up. The adjusted hazard ratios (95% CI) of T2DM were 1.20 (0.97–1.49) and 1.58 (1.28–1.96) in the middle- and low-education groups, respectively, compared to the high-education group. Low education was also associated with increased glycated haemoglobin levels. Psychosocial resources, occupation, and health behaviours fully explained these inverse associations. In the MR analysis of 210 SNPs (R2 = 0.0161), the odds ratio of having T2DM per standard deviation-decreasing years (4.2 years) of schooling was 1.33 (1.01–1.75; IVW), 1.23 (0.37–4.17; MR-Egger), 1.56 (1.09–2.27; WM), and 2.94 (0.98–9.09; WMBE). However, applying Steiger filtering attenuated most MR results towards the null. / Conclusions: Our inconsistent findings between cohort and genetic evidence did not support the causality between education and T2DM

Izolacija bioaktivnih flavonoida iz biljke Jacaranda obtusifolia H. B. K. ssp. rhombifolia (G. F. W. Meijer) Gentry

The paper describes the bioassay-guided isolation, structure elucidation and anticancer evaluation of five flavonoids ()-liquiritigenin (1), ()-neoliquiritin (2), isoliquiritigenin (3), isoliquiritin (4) and formononetin (5) from the twigs of Jacaranda obtusifolia H. B. K. ssp. rhombifolia (G. F. W. Meijer) Gentry. The structures were elucidated based on 1H, 13C NMR, comprehensive 2D NMR, MS analyses and comparison with previously reported spectral data. Compounds 1 and 3 were demonstrated to be inhibitory in vitro against NCI-H187 (small cell lung cancer) with IC50 values of 30.1 and 16.6 µg mL1, respectively. The isolates were non-cytotoxic to Vero cells (African green monkey kidney).U radu je opisana izolacija, određivanje strukture i antitumorsko djelovanje pet flavonoida: ()-likviritigenina (1), ()-neolikviritina (2), izolikviritigenina (3), izolikviritina (4) i formononetina (5) iz plodova biljke Jacaranda obtusifolia H. B. K. ssp. rhombifolia (G. F. W. Meijer) Gentry. Strukture su određene na temelju 1H, 13C NMR, 2D NMR, MS i usporedbom s ranije objavljenim spektroskopskim podacima. Spojevi 1 i 3 imaju inhibitorni učinak in vitro na tumorsku staničnu liniju raka pluća NCI-H187 (IC50 vrijednost 30,1, odnosno 16,6 µg mL1). Izolirani flavonoidi nisu citotoksični za Vero stanice (bubrežne stanice afričkog zelenog majmuna)