人道援助ロジスティクスと災害マネジメントにおける最適施設位置決定問題に関する研究

Since the 1950s, the number of disasters has increased continually around the world. This has resulted in enormous problems in human life, economic system, and environment. Owing to those problems, disaster management, and humanitarian logistics issue become an important research for helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the effect of the disaster. To enhance and develop the disaster management and humanitarian logistics in facility location problem, this thesis aims to study a disaster management and humanitarian logistics in facility location problem. Facility location problem is one of the problem in disaster management and humanitarian logistics for providing appropriate facility locations in disaster supply chain management such as distribution centers, warehouses, shelters, medical centers, and garbage dumps. This thesis applied an optimization approach in this study in which all of the problems are formulated as a mathematical model with respect to the proposed conceptual models for solving the problem. This thesis proposed four contributions to address and develop in this study that consists of; (1) an integrated multi-model optimization and fuzzy AHP for shelter site selection and evacuation planning, (2) the mathematical programming model for improving evacuation planning and shelter site selection in flood disaster situation, (3) a bi-criteria mathematical optimization model for hierarchical evacuation and shelter site selection under uncertainty of flood events, and (4) a location and allocation optimization model for integrated decision on post-disaster waste supply chain management: on-site and off-site separation for recyclable materials. Furthermore, this also presented a comprehensive review of the existing studies and research gaps on the facility location problems that are related to disaster management and humanitarian logistics. All contributions of this thesis will be a great significance not only in helping policymakers or governors consider and manage the strategic placement of each facility location but also in helping victims during the emergency situation as well.1950年代以来、災害の数は世界中で継続的に増加している。これには人命、経済システム、環境に大きな問題をもたらしている。この問題に起因して、災害マネジメント及び人道援助ロジスティクスは、被災者に対する災害の影響の回避、もしくは回復を助けるための重要な研究分野になっている。災害マネジメントと人道援助ロジスティクスの充実と発展のために、本論文では施設配置問題に関する研究を行う。施設配置問題は、災害マネジメントと人道援助ロジスティクスにおける課題の1つであり、配送センター、倉庫、シェルター、医療センター、廃棄場等の災害サプライチェーン管理における施設位置を適切に決定する問題である。本論文では、上記の問題の解決のために、施設配置に関するコンセプトモデルを提案し，全てのモデルを数学モデルとして定式化したうえで，各種の最適化手法の適用を行った。本論文は、施設配置問題に関する以下の課題、（１）避難地選択と避難計画立案のための統合型多目的最適化とファジィAHPの適用、（２）洪水災害時の避難計画と避難地選択改善のための数学プログラミングモデル、（３）不確実性を考慮した階層的避難と避難地選択のための二基準数学最適化モデル、（４）災害後の廃棄物サプライチェーンマネジメントにおける意思決定支援のための施設配置場所と配分の統合型最適化モデルの提案、から構成される。また、災害マネジメント及び人道援助ロジスティクスに関連する施設配置問題に関する既存研究の包括的レビューを行った。本論文の成果は、政策立案者や行政担当者の戦略的施設配置の検討、管理を支援するだけではなく、緊急時の被災者の援助についても大きく寄与する。室蘭工業大学 (Muroran Institute of Technology)博士（工学

Facility location optimization model for emergency humanitarian logistics

Since the 1950s, the number of natural and man-made disasters has increased exponentially and the facility location problem has become the preferred approach for dealing with emergency humanitarian logistical problems. To deal with this challenge, an exact algorithm and a heuristic algorithm have been combined as the main approach to solving this problem. Owing to the importance that an exact algorithm holds with regard to enhancing emergency humanitarian logistical facility location problems, this paper aims to conduct a survey on the facility location problems that are related to emergency humanitarian logistics based on both data modeling types and problem types and to examine the pre- and post-disaster situations with respect to facility location, such as the location of distribution centers, warehouses, shelters, debris removal sites and medical centers. The survey will examine the four main problems highlighted in the literature review: deterministic facility location problems, dynamic facility location problems, stochastic facility location problems, and robust facility location problems. For each problem, facility location type, data modeling type, disaster type, decisions, objectives, constraints, and solution methods will be evaluated and real-world applications and case studies will then be presented. Finally, research gaps will be identified and be addressed in further research studies to develop more effective disaster relief operations

IMPROVING EVACUATION PLANNING AND SHELTER SITE SELECTION FOR FLOOD DISASTER: THAI FLOODING CASE STUDY

Evacuation planning and shelter site selection are the most important function of disaster management for the purpose of helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the effect of a disaster. This study aims to propose a stochastic linear mixed-integer mathematical programming model for improving flood evacuation planning and shelter site selection under a hierarchical evacuation concept. The hierarchical evacuation concept is applied in this study that balances the preparedness and risk despite the uncertainties of flood events. This study considers the distribution of shelter sites and communities, evacuee\u27s behavior, utilization of shelter and capacity restrictions of the shelter by minimizing total population-weighted travel distance. We conduct computational experiments to illustrate how the proposed methodical model works on a real case problem in which we proposed Thai flooding case study. Also, we perform a sensitivity analysis on the parameters of the mentioned mathematical model and discuss our finding. This study will be a great significance in helping policymakers consider the spatial aspect of the strategic placement of flood shelters and evacuation planning under uncertainties of flood scenarios

AN INTEGRATED MULTI-MODEL OPTIMIZATION AND FUZZY AHP FOR SHELTER SITE SELECTION AND EVACUATION PLANNING

Due to an increasing severity of recent disasters, shelter site selection and evacuation planning have become an essential function for the purpose of helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the effect of a disaster. Therefore, this study aims to propose an integrated mathematical optimization and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for shelter site selection and evacuation planning. The mathematical models are formulated under different constraints and model types, in which the objective of each mathematical model is to minimize the total travel distance. The mathematical models are coded and run in optimizer tool for creating plans. Then, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied to choose the appropriate plan under uncertainty and vagueness of the expert\u27s opinion. A numerical example with a real case study of a Banta municipality in Thailand is given to demonstrate the application of our conceptual model. This study will be great significance in helping decision makers consider placement of emergency shelters and evacuation planning with respect to both qualitative and quantitative measurement. Moreover, our study can be a guide of the methodology to be implemented to other problems as well

Post-disaster waste management with carbon tax policy consideration

Generally, the activities of post-disaster waste management usually produce high carbon emissions, which can cause damage to the environment. However, the issue of carbon emissions in the post-disaster waste supply chain is neglected. Hence, this paper aims to propose a mixed-integer linear programming model to address the post-disaster waste processing supply chain network design problem with the consideration of a carbon tax policy. The proposed model is developed based on the concept of a mixed strategy of waste separation to reduce carbon emissions. Not only the carbon emission perspective but also the financial perspective for post-disaster waste supply chain management is determined in the objective function. The proposed model was verified and validated by employing a numerical example based on realistic data. Based on the numerical example, the results show that the implementation of a carbon tax policy with the mixed strategy for waste separation can reduce carbon emissions in the post-disaster waste supply chain efficiently. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd

AN INTEGRATED MULTI-MODEL OPTIMIZATION AND FUZZY AHP FOR SHELTER SITE SELECTION AND EVACUATION PLANNING

Due to an increasing severity of recent disasters, shelter site selection and evacuation planning have become an essential function for the purpose of helping at-risk persons to avoid or recover from the effect of a disaster. Therefore, this study aims to propose an integrated mathematical optimization and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process for shelter site selection and evacuation planning. The mathematical models are formulated under different constraints and model types, in which the objective of each mathematical model is to minimize the total travel distance. The mathematical models are coded and run in optimizer tool for creating plans. Then, Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process is applied to choose the appropriate plan under uncertainty and vagueness of the expert\u27s opinion. A numerical example with a real case study of a Banta municipality in Thailand is given to demonstrate the application of our conceptual model. This study will be great significance in helping decision makers consider placement of emergency shelters and evacuation planning with respect to both qualitative and quantitative measurement. Moreover, our study can be a guide of the methodology to be implemented to other problems as well

BUILT ON THE LOCAL DISASTER PREVENTION EDUCATION TOOL USING EVACUATION DRILL PROBE DATA

本研究では，地域の実情に即した津波避難計画の立案，また地域社会における関係主体間の円滑なリスクコミュニケーションの支援を目的に，避難訓練時のプローブデータを用いた避難行動シミュレーションの構築を行った．具体的には，2014年9月1日に室蘭市で実施された大規模地域避難訓練（室蘭シェイクアウト）において，GPSデバイスによる避難時の移動軌跡の観測及び避難に関する意識調査を行い，得られた結果をマルチエージェントモデルにおけるエージェントルールに組み込み，複数のシナリオ分析を行った．その結果，当該地区における避難行動の差異，また声掛け応答の有無で避難完了割合に13%の差が生じ，避難時における共助の重要性が評価された．In this study, we proposed evacuation behavior simulation for tsunami evacuation plans on the road with a real situation, and also aim to suppose smooth risk communication between the entries in the community. The probe data in a period of evacuation time is used to analyze in this study. On September 1, 2014, we surveyed awareness and observed the evacuation of moving track in a period of evacuation time on large-scale regional evacuation drills (Muroran shake-out) by using GPS device. Moreover, we analyzed the several scenarios in a multi-agent model that considering agent running in behavior rules by using the probe data of the target area. The result found that the ratio of alive evacuee before the first tsunami arrival was increased as 13 percentage

Multi-objective two-stage stochastic optimization model for post-disaster waste management

Post-disaster waste management is one of the most crucial tasks in the recovery phase of the disaster cycle, and it was created to assist affected communities in returning to a stable state following a disaster. To develop an efficient post-disaster waste management strategy, this study presents a multi-objective two-stage stochastic mixed integer linear programming model for post-disaster waste management. The proposed mathematical model was developed based on a mixed strategy of on-site and off-site waste separation in the supply chain. This study aims to minimize not only the total cost and the environmental impact to provide waste flow decisions and choose collection and separation sites, recycling sites, landfill sites, and incineration sites throughout the supply chain under the uncertain situation. To solve a multi-objective problem, a normalized weighted sum method is used to find the solution. A numerical case based on realistic data is presented to validate and verify the proposed model. Based on the numerical example, the results demonstrated that the implementation of the mixed strategy for waste separation with the consideration of uncertain situations can reduce the total cost, balance the environmental impact, and determine the unexpected situation in the post-disaster waste supply chain efficiently

Layout design of outpatient department: simulation study and implementation

Background: Hospital layout is one important factor affecting hospital service quality and, consequently, patient satisfaction. Generally, the layout is designed based on the experience of the hospital specialists without any systematic approaches. Purpose: Due to the increasing number of patients, the case study hospital has built a new multi-floor building to move its Outpatient Department (OPD) to operate there. Therefore, this study aims to apply the Activity Relationship Analysis (ARA) and simulation to design a new OPD layout. Methodology: Data of the previous system were analyzed using the ARA. The results were then used to design three scenarios (A, C, and D) and the other three scenarios (B, E, and F) were proposed by hospital specialists. Then, six layouts were evaluated using simulation tests and the efficiencies of the designs were measured by an average total service time per patient. Results: The simulation results showed that the average total service time of scenario A, D, E, and F were lower than scenario B and C. While the average total service time at the sub-service unit of D was the longest compared to scenario A, E, and F. These results demonstrated that scenario A, E, and F were the most efficient layouts. However, when considered thoroughly by the hospital specialists, scenario A was eventually selected. Conclusion: This study can contribute to scientific literature as it demonstrates the application of the ARA and simulation in the design of the multi-floor layout, an aspect under-researched in existing studies. This study also provides the practical implication suggesting that these techniques should be used together in the layout designs because they can help to determine the correctness and efficiency of the layout design before actual implementation