Role of antioxidant enzyme responses and phytochelatins in tolerance strategies of Alhagi camelorum Fisch growing on copper mine

This study was performed to clarify some aspects of tolerance mechanisms against excess copper (Cu) in Alhagi camelorum Fisch, a dominant wild type plant growing in a Cu-contaminated zone and its vicinity. Total and available copper was at toxic levels for plants growing on the contaminated soil. There were no visual and onspicuous symptoms of Cu toxicity in this plant species. Most of the excess Cu in soil was transferred to and accumulated in plant leaves in which the storage rate in vacuoles and chloroplasts was 48% and 7% respectively. There was an insignificant decrease in chlorophyll content and a significant increase in tissues phytochelatins and antioxidant enzyme activities in plants collected from the contaminated zone as compared to plants of the same species growing on uncontaminated soil. We also observed significant elevation in oxidative damage biomarkers, malondialdehyde and dityrosine, when the aerial parts of Alhagi camelorum were compared with the same parts of the plant collected from an uncontaminated zone. Alhagi camelorum elevated its antioxidative enzyme activities, phytochelatins and accumulated the excess of Cu in leaf vacuoles in response to Cu-toxicity as tolerance strategy

Role of antioxidant enzyme responses and phytochelatins in tolerance strategies of Alhagi camelorum Fisch growing on copper mine

This study was performed to clarify some aspects of tolerance mechanisms against excess copper (Cu) in Alhagi camelorum Fisch, a dominant wild type plant growing in a Cu-contaminated zone and its vicinity. Total and available copper was at toxic levels for plants growing on the contaminated soil. There were no visual and onspicuous symptoms of Cu toxicity in this plant species. Most of the excess Cu in soil was transferred to and accumulated in plant leaves in which the storage rate in vacuoles and chloroplasts was 48% and 7% respectively. There was an insignificant decrease in chlorophyll content and a significant increase in tissues phytochelatins and antioxidant enzyme activities in plants collected from the contaminated zone as compared to plants of the same species growing on uncontaminated soil. We also observed significant elevation in oxidative damage biomarkers, malondialdehyde and dityrosine, when the aerial parts of Alhagi camelorum were compared with the same parts of the plant collected from an uncontaminated zone. Alhagi camelorum elevated its antioxidative enzyme activities, phytochelatins and accumulated the excess of Cu in leaf vacuoles in response to Cu-toxicity as tolerance strategy

Antioxidant and antiglycation effects of scopolamine in rat liver cells

Tropane alkaloid, scopolamine is medicinally important compound produced by many plants of Solanaceous species. The present study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiglycation effects of this compound in culture of rat liver tissue. In this study, scopolamine at different concentrations were titred on rat liver cells. Then, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase as well as glyoxal and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl inhibition were measured by spectophotometry and changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver cells were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. The antioxidant and antiglycation activities of scopolamine increased as its concentrations increased in the liver cells, representing promotion of reactive oxygen species generation compared to control. Scopolamine exerts antioxidant and antiglycation activities in rat liver cells

The study of hyoscyamine in oxidative stress of liver cells in male rat

Background and aims: Increased production of free radicals by endogenous systems and exogenous sources in cells leads to oxidative stress, which damages to the cells of various organs. Hyoscyamine is one of the important tropane alkaloid isolated from some Solanaceous species used to traditional medicine that they are used for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and anticonvulsant activities. The antioxidant and antiglycation properties of tropane alkaloids may represent a role in dealing with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant and antiglycation effects of hyoscyamine component on the liver cells in male rats. Methods: In this experimental- laboratory study, liver cells were isolated from male Sprague–Dawley rats. The cells cultured under standard conditions. Various concentrations of hyoscyamine (0-32 µM) were treated on rat liver cells. Then, the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) as well as glyoxal and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition were measured by spectrophotometry. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed for measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) in liver cells. Results: CAT, SOD and GPX enzyme activities increased as the concentration of hyoscyamine increased. DPPH showed a strong inhibition on reactive oxygen species generation compared to control group. The amount of SOD, CAT and GPX enzyme activities in 8 micromolar concentration of hyoscyamine compared with the control group significantly increased as 10.33 and 8.6 and 6.3 units (P<0.05). Also, hyoscyamine (4µM) reduced the amount of MDA, glyoxylate and DPPH compared to the control group as 1.94, 2.26, and 2.33 times (P<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicated that hyoscyamine had considerable antioxidant and antiglycation activities on rat liver cells. This compound protects liver cells against the damaging effects of free radicals. The effects of this compound for the treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress would be useful in the future

Data on cell survival, apoptosis, ceramide metabolism and oxidative stress in A-494 renal cell carcinoma cell line treated with hesperetin and hesperetin-7-O-acetate

Ceramide pathway is a key regulator in cell proliferation and apoptosis and oxidative stress up-regulate ceramides. Acid ceramidase (ACDase), neutral sphingomyelinase (NSMase) and glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) are critical enzymatic systems in ceramide metabolism. Our data represent the comparative assessment of Hesperetin (Hst) and hesperetin-7-O-acetate (HTA) effects on A-494 renal carcinoma cells include cell survival, caspase-3 and 9 activities, total cellular ceramide and the activities of ACDase, NSMase, GCS and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Data reveals potentiating effects of both HTA and Hst on ceramide pathway and may offer a novel tool in human renal cell carcinoma therapy. Keywords: Hesperetin, Ceramide, Ceramidase, Sphingomyelinase, Superoxide dismutas

Longitudinal follow-up of oxidative stress and DNA damage parameters in detergent workers

Background: The aim of this study was the follow-up of work place enzyme and detergent dust exposure effects and smoking habit on DNA damage parameters of workers and the evaluation of their antioxidant enzyme activities and lipid peroxidation with regard to bag-filter installation in the work place. Material and Methods: All investigated parameters were studied in a group of 153 workers of enzyme-free detergent production plant (E-free) and a group of 138 workers of enzyme-plus detergent plant (E-plus) and compared with 45 controls 7.2 years before and 3.1 years after filter system installation. The following methods were used: antioxidant enzymes by an ultraviolet-visibles spectrophotometer, malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxy-2′deoxyguanosine (8OH-2′dG) by high-performance liquid chromatography, trace elements by atomic absorption spectroscopy, and comet assay by single cell gel electrophoresis. Results: Compared with controls, significant increases were observed in both detergent-exposed groups with respect to the levels of MDA, antioxidant enzyme activities, and DNA damage parameters, including 8OH-2′dG, endonuclease III-sensitive sites, and DNA strand breaks, with enhancement effect of smoking before filter system installation. After filter installation, besides significant decrease in the detergent and enzyme dust of airborne and oxidative stress indicators, there was improvement in all DNA damage investigated parameters at the end of this study. The levels of cumulative exposure index of detergent dusts decreased significantly after airborne improvement and showed positive correlation with internal biochemical parameters. Conclusions: We concluded that high levels of enzyme and detergent contents of work place dusts had a cumulative effect and smoking had a synergistic effect on the imbalance of antioxidant status and lipid peroxidation, suggesting that oxidation stress is important in the occurrence and progression of DNA damage over this study. Detergent and enzyme contents in respirable and total dust had the main role and sufficient potential in their genotoxicity