Attention and Distraction: Cinematic Perception and Spectatorship in Modernist Texts, 1897-1941

Tracing sensory and affective experiences associated with cinematic modes of perception in modernist literature, this study reveals how modernist writers embraced the medium of cinematic language as a means to examine new forms of subjectivity, and how through this appropriation they attempted to reconfigure culture’s audiences by situating both author and reader in the position of spectator. Drawing on methodological approaches such as early cinema studies and reception theory, this study performs a comparative reading of modernist texts that feature spectator characters and that speak to issues of spectator/spectacle relations. Previous scholarship has regarded literary modernism as an elite craft refined in secret, inattentive or hostile to audiences, and modernist attributes as what makes an artist figure in the face of modernity. However, moving beyond the field’s focus on the relationship between the artist and the artwork, this study highlights the presence of art spectators both inside and outside of the textual space to redefine literary modernism as an active exchange between artists and audiences. By focusing on three different types of spectators that are seemingly vulnerable, uncritical, and passive—a child, a woman, and the masses, respectively, this study shows that modernists’ preoccupations with spectatorial subjectivity are not only indicative of their susceptibility to the rise of cinema spectatorship in the late-nineteenth and early twentieth century but also promote a new method of reading that is audience-oriented and receptive to the effects of media change. As a response to the emerging media culture in the late 1890s, Henry James foregrounded spectatorial experiences and employed the language of early film to expose the gap between the old assumptions of literary readership and the actual culture’s audience. Dorothy Richardson used the silent cinema spectatorship in the 1920s as an essential backdrop for her feminist strategies to express critical dissent from dominant narratives of gender. Conceiving the masses as a new type of art spectators in the 1930s, Virginia Woolf valorized contingency and distraction, both of which she discovered from her own cinematic experience, to achieve a strategy that confronts the crisis of language in the age of machines

Comparative study on multibody vehicle dynamics models based on subsystem synthesis method using Cartesian and joint coordinates

AbstractThe subsystem synthesis method has been developed in order to improve computational efficiency for a multibody vehicle dynamics model. Using the subsystem synthesis method, equations of motion of the base body and each subsystem can be solved separately. In the subsystem synthesis method, various coordinate systems can be used and various integration methods can be applied in each subsystem, as long as the effective mass matrix and the effective force vector are properly produced. In this paper, comparative study has been carried out for the subsystem synthesis method with Cartesian coordinates and with joint relative coordinates. Two different integration methods such as an explicit integrator and an explicit implicit integrator are employed. In order to see the accuracy and computational efficiency from the different models based on the different coordinate systems and different integration methods, a rough terrain run simulations has been carried out with a 6 × 6 off-road multibody vehicle model

Pathogen-inducible CaUGT1 is involved in resistance response against TMV infection by controlling salicylic acid accumulation

AbstractCapsicum annuum L. Bugang exhibits a hypersensitive response against Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) P0 infection. The C. annuum UDP-glucosyltransferase 1 (CaUGT1) gene was upregulated during resistance response to TMV and by salicylic acid, ethephon, methyl viologen, and sodium nitroprusside treatment. When the gene was downregulated by virus-induced gene silencing, a delayed HR was observed. In addition, free and total SA concentrations in the CaUGT1-downregulated hot pepper were decreased by 52% and 48% compared to that of the control plants, respectively. This suggested that the CaUGT1 gene was involved in resistance response against TMV infection by controlling the accumulation of SA

Removal of Rectal Foreign Bodies Using Tenaculum Forceps Under Endoscopic Assistance

The incidence of rectal foreign bodies is increasing by the day, though not as common as that of upper gastrointestinal foreign bodies. Various methods for removal of foreign bodies have been reported. Removal during endoscopy using endoscopic devices is simple and safe, but if the foreign body is too large to be removed by this method, other methods are required. We report two cases of rectal foreign body removal by a relatively simple and inexpensive technique. A 42-year-old man with a vibrator in the rectum was admitted due to inability to remove it by himself and various endoscopic methods failed. Finally, the vibrator was removed successfully by using tenaculum forceps under endoscopic assistance. Similarly, a 59-year-old man with a carrot in the rectum was admitted. The carrot was removed easily by using the same method as that in the previous case. The use of tenaculum forceps under endoscopic guidance may be a useful method for removal of rectal foreign bodies

Deep Level in Heavily Zn-doped InP Layers Implanted with Ti and Ti/P

We have investigated deep level peaks observed in the photoluminescence spectrum of heavily Zn-doped InP layers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition at energies centered at 0.89 and 0.94 eV. These peaks are enhanced when the samples are implanted with Ti. When P is co-implanted, however, the intensity of these peaks decrease, and at an increased dosage, the peaks disappear from the spectrum. The peaks are, therefore, dependent on the phosphorus vacancy produced by the excessive Zn doping or the implant damage. Hall measurement data show that the Ti/P-implanted p-type InP layer is converted to n type with its sheet resistance decreasing and the donor activation of Ti increasing for higher P co-implant dose. In addition, the photoluminescence intensity of the deep level peaks is highly correlated with the sheet resistance.This work was financially supported in part by KOSEF through OERC Grant No. 97K3-0809-02-06-1 and by the Ministry of Education of Korea through Grant No. ISRC-97- E-3205

Low Temperature Photoluminescence Characteristics of Zn-doped InP Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Zn-doped InP layers were obtained by two different doping techniques: in situ doping by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition, and thermal diffusion from a Zn-containing film. Their low temperature photoluminescence ~PL! characteristics were studied, and compared. In Zn-diffused InP, the deep donor to acceptor transition was the most dominant transition and other transitions such as the band edge transition and the band to band or shallow donor to acceptor transition were not observed at the excitation power of 10 mW. On the other hand, well resolved band edge peaks and the band or shallow donor to acceptor transition peak were observed for in situ Zn doped InP, implying that less interstitial Zn atoms were generated during in situ doping. Saturation of the hole concentration at 1.531018 cm3 was observed in in situ Zn doped InP, and the changes in PL characteristics at the saturation level were extensively studied. Two new deep bands at 0.88–1.0 eV and 1.21–1.27 eV were observed, and the intensity of the lower energy band increased with diethylzinc flow rate. The lower energy band was observed even at room temperature, and it is presumed to be related with the saturation of hole concentration.This work was supported by the Ministry of Education through the Interuniversity Semiconductor Research Center ~ISRC 94-E-3142! and Korea Science and Engineering Foundation ~KOSEF 93-01-00-17!. One of the authors ~S.J.K.! would like to acknowledge the support by the Ministry of Education through the Interuniversity Semiconductor Research Center ~ISRC 97-E-3205!

Primer registro de la especie japonesa Grateloupia turuturu (Halymeniaceae, Rhodophyta) en la costa del Pacífico mexicano

Floristic surveys were conducted in November 2008, in which we collected specimens of Grateloupia turuturu, growing attached to different substrata in Ensenada Port, Baja California, Mexico. From this finding, monthly observations were performed until July 2010 to find a possible displacement. Populations with specimens average length of 40 cm were commonly found in the harbor. On the basis of morphological and molecular analyses of plastid rbcL gene sequences, we confirmed the taxonomic identity of G. turuturu. We present the first record of G. turuturu as introduced species in the Mexican Pacific coast. Considering this new finding in Mexico, we conclude that the colonization by this species in the Pacific coast has started, and hence its geographical range of distribution is increasing. Likewise, we found Grateloupia californica, and it is discuss its presences on Baja California coast.Se realizaron muestreos florísticos en noviembre de 2008, en los que se recolectaron ejemplares de Grateloupia turuturu creciendo adheridos a diferentes substratos en el puerto de Ensenada, Baja California, México. A partir de este hallazgo, se realizaron observaciones mensuales hasta julio de 2010 para conocer su posible desplazamiento. Poblaciones con especímenes de longitud promedio de 40 cm se encontraron con alta frecuencia en el puerto. Los análisis morfológicos y moleculares de las secuencias del gen rbcL de plastidios confirman la identidad taxonómica de G. turuturu. Se presenta el primer registro de G. turuturu como especie introducida en la costa del Pacífico mexicano. Considerando este nuevo hallazgo, concluimos que la colonización por esta especie en la costa del Pacífico mexicano ha iniciado y con ello se amplía su rango de distribución geográfica. Así mismo, durante los muestreos se encontró a Grateloupia californica de la cual se discute su presencia en las costas de Baja California

Detection of distant metastasis to skeletal muscle by 18F-FDG-PET in a case of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma

Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is a rare malignancy that originates from the epithelial cells of the intrahepatic bile ducts. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma can metastasize in lymphatic chains, including the hepatoduodenal ligament, and it often invades adjacent organs or metastasizes to other visceral organs such as the lungs, bones, adrenal glands, and brain. However, distant skeletal muscle metastasis is very rare. Moreover, a metastatic skeletal muscle tumor rarely shows specific symptoms, making it difficult to identify in a routine examination. A 45-year-old man with a chief complaint of right upper quadrant abdominal pain was admitted to our hospital. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography with contrast enhancement showed a malignant mass in the right hepatic lobe, and 2-[18F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron-emission tomography revealed distant skeletal muscle metastases in the thorax and buttock. The patient underwent an ultrasound-guided percutaneous needle biopsy for the metastatic low-echo masses in the skeletal muscle

TRAIL Enhances Apoptosis of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells Sensitized by Hepatitis C Virus Infection: Therapeutic Implications

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection causes chronic liver diseases leading to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and liver failure. We have previously shown that HCV sensitizes hepatocytes to mitochondrial apoptosis via the TRAIL death receptors DR4 and DR5. Although TRAIL and its receptors are selective targets for cancer therapy, their potential against HCC with chronic HCV infection has not been explored yet. Here we show that HCV induces DR4/DR5-dependent activation of caspase-8 leading to elevation of apoptotic signaling in infected cells and also present TRAIL effect in HCV-induced apoptotic signaling. HCV induced proteolytic cleavage of caspase-9 by stimulating DR4 and DR5, resulting in subsequent cleavage of caspase-3. Further, HCV-induced proteolytic cleavage in caspase-8, caspase-9, and caspase-3 was enhanced in the presence of recombinant TRAIL. HCV-induced cleavage in caspase-9 and increase in caspase-3/7 activity was completely suppressed by silencing of either DR4 or DR5. Perturbing DR4/DR5-caspase-8 signaling complex by silencing DR4 and DR5 or by chemical inhibitor specific to caspase-8 led to decrease of HCV-induced cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), a substrate for caspase-3 during apoptosis, indicating the functional role of caspase-8 in HCV-induced apoptotic signaling network. Furthermore, TRAIL enhanced PARP cleavage in apoptotic response induced by HCV infection, indicating the effect of TRAIL for the induction of selective apoptosis of HCC cells infected with HCV. Given the importance of apoptosis in HCC development, our data suggest that HCV-induced DR4 and DR5 may be considered as an attractive target for TRAIL therapy against HCC with chronic HCV infection

Demineralized Bone Matrix, as a Graft Enhancer of Auto-Local Bone in Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion

Study DesignA case controlled study with prospective data collection.PurposeTo evaluate the early influence and the final consequence of demineralized bone matrix (DBM) on auto-local bone as a graft enhancer in posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).Overview of LiteratureDBM is known as an osteoinductive material; however, it has not been clearly recognized to enhance auto-local bone with a small amount.MethodsPatients who had a PLIF were allocated into two groups. Group I (70 cases) used auto-local bone chips and group II (44 cases) used DBM as an additive to auto-local bone, 1 mL per a segment. Group selection was alternated. Early assessment was performed by computed tomography at 6 months and final assessment was done by simple radiography after 24 months at least. The degree of bone formation was assessed by 4 grade scale.ResultsThe subjects of both groups were homogenous and had similar Oswestry Disability Index at final assessment. The ratio of auto-local bone chips and DBM was 6:1. The degree of bone formation at 6 months after surgery was superior in group II. However, there was no significant difference between the two groups at the final assessment.ConclusionsDBM was not recognized to enhance auto-local bone with small amount