Actions of nutritionists as the technicians responsible for school food in municipalities in the states of Minas Gerais and Esp?rito Santo.

O nutricionista ? respons?vel pela promo??o da seguran?a alimentar e nutricional na alimenta??o escolar, contribuindo para a constru??o de pr?ticas alimentares saud?veis. Neste estudo buscou-se conhecer a atua??o de nutricionistas respons?veis t?cnicos da alimenta??o escolar em munic?pios de Minas Gerais e Esp?rito Santo. Foi realizado estudo de corte transversal com participa??o de 77 nutricionistas, incluindo an?lises descritivas; univariadas e an?lises de regress?o de Poisson com vari?ncia robusta. Constatou-se o descumprimento pela maioria dos nutricionistas de diversas atribui??es essenciais do programa, previstas em Lei, como produ??o do plano anual de trabalho, an?lise da composi??o nutricional de card?pios, elabora??o de fichas t?cnicas de prepara??o, utiliza??o do Manual de Boas Pr?ticas de Fabrica??o e realiza??o do teste de aceitabilidade. Os modelos de regress?o mostraram que nutricionistas que desenvolviam plano de trabalho, avalia??o nutricional e teste de aceitabilidade apresentaram maior ocorr?ncia de realiza??o de a??es de Educa??o Alimentar e Nutricional. Ressalta-se necessidade imediata de adequa??o dos munic?pios ? legisla??o vigente e implementa??o de a??es corretivas.The nutritionist is responsible for promoting eating and nutritional security in school food, thereby contributing to the adoption of healthy eating habits. The scope of this study was to assess the actions of nutritionists as the technicians responsible for school food in the states of Minas Gerais and Esp?rito Santo. A cross-sectional study was conducted with the participation of 77 nutritionists, and included descriptive, univariate, multivariate and Poisson regression analysis with robust variance. The results revealed non-compliance by the majority of nutritionists with various fundamental attributions of the program as required by law. These include the compilation of the annual work plan, analysis of the nutritional composition of menus, elaboration of technical procedures for food preparation, use of the Good Preparation Practices Manual and conducting the test of acceptability. The regression models showed that nutritionists who prepared a work plan, performed nutritional assessment and conducted tests of acceptability, perform more Food and Nutrition Education actions. These findings highlight the urgent need to bring the municipalities into line with prevailing legislation and implement corrective actions

Retinol and fat from breast milk of Brazilian mothers at high risk for food unsafe.

Promotion and protection of breastfeeding is an important strategy in prevention of Vitamin A (Retinol) deficiency in childhood. Breast milk retinol?s allows us the chance to reach the maternal nutritional status and go over infant status. This study aimed to know the retinol and fat content in mature breast milk from Novo Cruzeiro?s population, Brazil. It was analyzes 63 samples of breast milk that belonged to 81 children. The fat content was reached by crematocrit procedure and Retinol content by HPLC. Others datas had gotten through semi-structured pre-coded questionnaires. Statistics analyses were performed nonparametric for paired samples. The median of Retinol was 0,62 ?g/100mL and 1,7?g/100mL from breast milk before and after the infant had breastfed. The samples were considered statistically different (p<0,001) for Retinol contents and for fat contents (p<0,001). The results shows that Vitamin A?s content after the suck one , in each class of alimentary security, are strongly bigger than the content before suck (The Alimentary Security p=0,005; Light Unreliability p < 0,001; Moderate Unreliability p < 0,001; Deep Unreliability p< 0,001). The results suggest that the breast milk from the end of the suck provides greater retinol ingestion; breast milk before feed allows to reach The Brazilian Scale of Unreliability Alimentary. Although it is important to guide mothers to not interrupt the suck one and not to limit the manual expression only to initial breast milk

Vitamin A deficiency in school children of the rural area in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Objetivo Com o presente estudo, procurou-se identificar a preval?ncia da hipovitaminose A em escolares da zona rural do munic?pio de Novo Cruzeiro, MG, bem como poss?veis fatores predisponentes para sua ocorr?ncia. M?todos A amostra foi constitu?da de 241 crian?as, de seis a catorze anos de idade, de quatro escolas rurais. Os n?veis s?ricos de retinol foram interpretados pelos crit?rios do Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition for National Defense. A import?ncia epidemiol?gica da hipovitaminose A foi avaliada segundo os crit?rios da Organiza??o Mundial da Sa?de. Foram adotados como fatores predisponentes da hipovitaminose A, as parasitoses intestinais, a desnutri??o energ?tico-prot?ica, o consumo inadequado de fontes de vitamina A e a renda familiar per capita. Por se tratar de um estudo transversal, com vari?veis dicot?micas, empregou-se o teste qui-quadrado na an?lise estat?stica. Resultados Identificou-se a hipovitaminose A em 29,0% dos indiv?duos estudados; 23,2% deles apresentaram desnutri??o pregressa (stunting), 8,7% eram desnutridos segundo o ?ndice de massa corporal; em 63,1% dos casos identificou-se inadequa??o no consumo de fontes alimentares de vitamina A e 78,8% dos escolares eram portadores de algum tipo de parasita intestinal. A maioria das fam?lias dos escolares (87,1%) tinha renda mensal per capita de at? um quarto do sal?rio m?nimo; as demais fam?lias apresentavam-se, 10,4%, na faixa de renda per capita entre um quarto de sal?rio e meio sal?rio m?nimo inclusive; 2,1%, na faixa entre meio sal?rio e um sal?rio m?nimo inclusive; e apenas 0,4% das fam?lias, na faixa de renda maior que um sal?rio m?nimo. Conclus?o Concluiu-se que a hipovitaminose A ? um problema de sa?de p?blica entre os escolares. N?o se observou associa??o estatisticamente significante entre hipovitaminose A e os fatores predisponentes estudados.Objective The objective of this study was to verify the occurrence of vitamin A deficiency in school children of the rural area of Novo Cruzeiro, Minas Gerais, Brazil, as well as to identify the possible predisposing factors for such occurrence. Methods The sample comprised 241 school children, ranging from 6 to 14 years of age, from four rural schools of the region. The serum levels of retinol were interpreted by the criteria of the Interdepartmental Committee on Nutrition National Defense. The epidemiological significance of the vitamin A deficiency was evaluated according to the World Health Organization criteria. As predisposing factors for vitamin A deficiency, the following conditions were considered: intestinal parasitism, protein-energy malnutrition, inadequate ingestion of vitamin A food sources, and per capita family income. Statistical analysis was carried out using Chi-square test. Results Vitamin A deficiency was identified in 29.0% of the subjects, 23.2% of the children presented stunting, and 8.7% were malnourished, according to the body mass index. In 63.1% of the subjects, inadequate ingestion of retinol sources was verified, while 78.8% of the subjects presented some type of intestinal parasite. Most school-children families (87.1%) had per capita monthly incomes bellow ? of the minimum wage; the rest of the families were situated respectively in the ranges: (10.4%)>? to ?? minimum wage; (2.1%) >? to ?1 minimum wage; and ( 0.4 %) >1 minimum wage. Conclusion Vitamin A deficiency among school children was found to be a public health problem in the studied area. Nonetheless, no significant statistic association between vitamin A deficiency and the factors selected as predisposing ones was observed

Determinants of iron deficiency anemia in a cohort of children aged 6-71 months living in the northeast of Minas Gerais, Brazil.

Iron deficiency anemia is one of the most common nutritional disorders worldwide. The aim was to identify the prevalence and incidence of anemia in children and to identify predictors of this condition, including intestinal parasites, social, nutritional and environmental factors, and comorbidities. A population-based cohort study was conducted in a sample of 414 children aged 6?71 months living in Novo Cruzeiro in the Minas Gerais State. Data were collected in 2008 and 2009 by interview and included socio-economic and demographic information about the children and their families. Blood samples were collected for testing of hemoglobin, ferritin and C-reactive protein. Anthropometric measurements and parasitological analyses of fecal samples were performed. To identify risk factors associated with anemia multivariate analyses were performed using the generalized estimating equations (GEE). In 2008 and 2009, respectively, the prevalence rates of anemia were 35.9% (95%CI 31.2?40.8) and 9.8% (95%CI 7.2?12.9), the prevalence rates of iron deficiency were 18.4% (95%CI 14.7?22.6) and 21.8%(95%CI 17.8?26.2), and the incidence rates of anemia and iron deficiency were 3.2% and 21.8%. The following risk factors associated with anemia were: iron deficiency (OR = 3.2; 95%CI 2.0-.5.3), parasitic infections (OR = 1.9; 95%CI 1.2? 2.8), being of risk of or being a low length/height-for-age (OR = 2.1; 95%CI 1.4?3.2), and lower retinol intake (OR = 1.7; 95%CI 1.1?2.7), adjusted over time. Nutritional factors, parasitic infections and chronic malnutrition were identified as risk factors for anemia. These factors can be verified in a chronic process and have been classically described as risk factors for these conditions