Pneumonie varicelleuse du nouveau-né: à propos d’un cas

La varicelle est une maladie contagieuse fréquente chez l’enfant, mais rare chez la femme enceinte. La survenue de varicelle pendant la grossesse peut entrainer des complications périnatales dont la pneumonie varicelleuse du nouveau-né. Cette atteinte pulmonaire est accompagnée d’un taux élevé de décès. Nous rapportons un cas de pneumonie varicelleuse grave chez un nouveau-né qui a été contaminé par le virus de la varicelle par voie transplacentaire. Le tableau clinique associait un syndrome infectieux, une détresse respiratoire sévère avec coma, des râles sous-crépitants diffus aux deux champs pulmonaires, et une éruption cutanée disséminée faite de macules, vésicules, croûtes, évocatrice de la varicelle. La radiographie du thorax montrait un syndrome interstitiel diffus aux deux poumons. Un traitement par l’aciclovir injectable associé à l’oxygénothérapie continue a permis une évolution vers la guérison. La pneumonie varicelleuse du nouveau-né est situation associée à une forte mortalité mais dont le traitement par l’aciclovir injectable peut permettre la guérison. La prophylaxie par administration intraveineuse d’aciclovir ou d’immunoglobulines polyvalentes chez le nouveau-né permet de diminuer la sévérité et la mortalité de la varicelle périnatale.Pan African Medical Journal 2012; 13:2

Risk factors associated with human papillomavirus prevalence and cervical neoplasia among Cameroonian women

This study used community-based cervical cancer screening for high-risk human-papillomavirus (HPV) to determine demographic and lifestyle factors associated with HPV prevalence and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN2+)

Cervical cancer screening in sub-Saharan Africa: a randomized trial of VIA versus cytology for triage of HPV-positive women

Developing countries are interested in using human papillomavirus (HPV) testing as a primary screening test for cervical cancer prevention programs. The low specificity of the HPV assay requires triage testing of HPV-positive women. The aim of the study is to compare visual inspection with acetic acid (VIA) and cytology as triage testing methods in HPV-positive women to detect cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or Grade 2 or higher (CIN2+). The study was conducted in two Cameroonian towns (Yaoundé and Edea) and included 846 eligible women aged 25 to 65 years. All participants performed self-HPV testing. HPV-positive women (n = 259) were randomly assigned to be tested either by VIA (VIA group) or cytology (cytology group). HPV-positive women had both cervical biopsy and endocervical curettage to detect biopsy-confirmed CIN2+. All statistical tests were two-sided. The prevalence of HPV was 38.5%, and the mean age of HPV-positive women was 41.5 ± 10.1 years. One hundred ninety-eight women (97 in the VIA group and 99 in the cytology) were randomly assigned to one of the two testing arms. The sensitivity of VIA was 25.0% (95% CI, 7.1-59.1%), and the sensitivity of cytology was 90.0% (59.6-98.2%). The specificity was 74.2% (95% CI, 64.2-82.1%) for VIA and 85.2% (76.3-91.2%) for cytology. ROC area for cytology was 0.910 against the 0.496 area for VIA. In this trial, VIA was inferior to cytology as a triage test among HPV-positive women. Further investigations are needed to determine the optimal triage method for HPV-positive women