Resting metabolic rate and body composition in postmenopausal women

Objective: The present study evaluated the relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition of postmenopausal women. Methods: Thirty physically inactive women participated in the study, and their age average was 54,33 5,20 years old. Oxygen consumption was measured by indirect calorimetry after 12 hours of fasting and the values were calculated according to the equation of Weir. Body composition was obtained by the method of skinfolds and the measurement of waist circumference (WC) was used to assess abdominal fat. The linear correlation of Pearson was used to establish correlations between the variables. Results: We found significant correlations of TMR with the CC (0.42) and the lean mass (LM) (r = 0.48). Conclusions:The variables of body composition that can be involved in the determination of the RMR are LM and WC. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab, 2009;53(6):755-953675575

Response Of The Resting Metabolic Rate After 16 Weeks Of Resistance Training In Postmenopausal Women

Introduction: The physical changes from menopause such as decrease in lean mass (LM), growth and redistribution of body fat and decrease in resting energy expenditure, contribute to the increase in body size and subsequent increase in total body mass. Accordingly, the recognized benefits of resistance training (RT) are not only linked to increased strength and muscle hypertrophy, but also to body composition and consequently to the resting metabolic rate (RMR). Objective: To evaluate the RMR response after 16 weeks of RT in postmenopausal women. Methods: 28 female volunteers subdivided into two groups participated in the study: training (TG n = 17) and control (CG n = 11). The RT program was conducted in three weekly sessions, on alternate days and lasted approximately 60 min/session during 16 weeks. Load intensity was determined by means of target area of maximum repetitions, with weekly load readjustment. The oxygen consumption (VO2) and carbon dioxide production (VCO2), using open circuit indirect calorimetry was used to calculate the RMR according to Weir equation (1949). Statistical analysis: statistical package Bioestat, version 5.0, with a significance level of p <0.05 was used. Results: There was significant increase of the LM values and muscle strength in TG only. No significant differences were found for the RMR values after intervention for both groups. Conclusion: The RT program of 16 weeks was effective in promoting changes in body composition and muscle strength in postmenopausal women; nevertheless, there was not change in RMR after intervention.175350353Jovine, M.S., Buchalla, C.M., Santarém, E.M.M., Santarém, J.M.S., Aldrighi, J.M., Efeito do treinamento resistido sobre a osteoporose, após a menopausa: Estudo de atualização (2006) Epidemiol, 9, pp. 493-505Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S.B., Ross, R., Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc, 50, pp. 889-896Sternfeld, B., Bhat, A.K., Hua, W., Sharp, T., Quesenberry, C.P., Menopause, physical activity, and body composition/ fat distribution in midlife women (2005) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37, pp. 1195-1202NCEP executive summary of the Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) (2001) JAMA, 285, pp. 2486-2497Hunter, G.R., McCarthy, J.P., Bamman, M.M., Effects of resistance training on older adults (2004) Sports Med, 34, pp. 329-348Silva, C.M., Gurjão, A.L.D., Ferreira, L., Gobbi, L.T.B., Gobbi, S., Efeito do treinamento com pesos, prescrito por zona de repetições máximas, na força muscular e composição corporal em idosas (2006) Rev Bras Cineantropom Desempenho Hum, 8, pp. 39-45Maesta, N., Nahas, E.A.P., Nahas-Neto, J., Orsatti, F.L., Fernandes, C., Traiman, P., Burini, R.C., Effects of soy protein and resistance exercise on body composition and blood lipids in postmenopausal women (2007) Maturitas, 56, pp. 350-358Bocalini, D.S., Serra, J.S., Santos, L., Murad, N., Levy, R.F., Strength training preserves the bone mineral density of postmenopausal women without hormone replacement therapy (2009) J. Aging Health, 21, pp. 519-527Trevisan, M.C., Burini, R.C., Metabolismo de repouso de mulheres pós-menopausadas submetidas a programa de treinamento com pesos (hipertrofia) (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13, pp. 133-137Heyward, V.H., Stolarczyk, L.M., (2000) Avaliação da Composição Corporal Aplicada, , 10Edição. São Paulo: ManoleJackson, A.S., Pollock, M.L., WARD. Generalized equations for predicting body density of women (1980) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 12, pp. 175-182Siri, W.E., Body composition from fluid spaces and density (1961) Techniques for measuring body composition, pp. 223-244. , In: Brozek J, Henschel A., Washington, DC: National Academy of ScienceGuedes, D.P., Guedes, J.E.R.P., (2006) Manual prático para avaliação em educação física, , Barueri: ManoleClarke, D.H., Adaptations in strength and muscular endurance resulting from exercise (1973) Exercise Sports Sci Rev, pp. 73-102. , In: Wilmore JH (editor), New York, Academic PressDias, R.M.R., Cyrino, E.S., Salvador, E.P., Caldeira, L.F.S., Fábio Yuzo, N.F.Y., Papst, R.R., Influência do processo de familiarização para avaliação da força muscular em testes de 1-RM (2005) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11, pp. 34-38Weir, J.B., New methods for calculating metabolic rate with especial references to protein metabolism (1949) J Physiol, 62, pp. 20-27Position stand: Progression models in resistance training for healthy adults (2002) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 34, pp. 364-380. , ACSM-American College of Sports MedicineBird, S.P., Tarpenning, K.M., Marino, F.E., Designing resistance training programmes to enhance muscular fitness. A review of the acute programme variables (2005) Sports Med, 35, pp. 841-851Byrne, H.K., Wilmore, J.H., The relationship of mode and intensity of training on resting metabolic rate in women (2001) Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab, 11, pp. 1-14Luhrmann, P.M., Herbert, B.M., Neuhauser-Berthold, M., Effects of fat mass and body composition on resting metabolic rate in the elderly (2001) Metabolism, 50, pp. 972-975Antunes, H.K.M., Hanna, K.M., Santos, R.F., Boscolo, R.A., Bueno, O.F.A., Mello, M.T., Análise da taxa metabólica basal de idosos do sexo masculino antes e seis meses após exercícios de resistência (2005) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11, pp. 71-75Foreaux, G., Pinto, K.M.C., Dâmaso, A., Efeito do consumo excessivo de oxigênio após exercício e da taxa metabólica de repouso no gasto energético (2006) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 12, pp. 393-398Aubertin-Leheudre, M., Goulet, E.D.B., Dionne, I.J., Enhanced rate of resting energy expenditure in women using hormone replacement therapy: Preliminary results (2008) J Aging Physical Activity, 16, pp. 53-60Day, D.S., Gozansky, W.S., Van Pelt, R.E., Schwarts, R.S., Kohrt, W.M., Sex hormones suppression reduces resting energy expenditure and β-adrenergic support of resting energy expenditure (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism, 90, pp. 3312-3317Armellini, F., Zamboni, M., Mino, A., Bissoli, L., Micciolo, R., Bosello, O., Postabsorptive resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of food in relation to body composition and adipose tissue distribution (2000) Metabolism, 149, pp. 6-10Lemmer, J.T., Ivey, F.M., Ryan, A.S., Martel, G.F., Hurlbut, D.E., Metter, J.E., Effect of strength training on resting metabolic rate on physival activity: Age and gender comparisons (2001) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 33, pp. 532-541Tataranni, P.A., Ravussin, E., Variability in metabolic rate: Biological sites of regulation (1995) Int J Obes, 19, pp. S102-S106Dionne, I.J., Mélançon, M.O., Brochu, M., Ades, P.A., Poelhman, E.T., Age-related differences in metabolic adaptations following resistance training in women (2004) Experimental Gerontology, 39, pp. 133-138Rothenberg, E.M., Bosaeus, I.G., Westerterp, K.R., Steen, B.C., Resting energy expenditure, activity energy expenditure and total energy expenditure at age 91-96 years (2000) Br J Nutr, 84, pp. 319-32

Resting Metabolic Rate And Body Composition In Postmenopausal Women [taxa Metabólica De Repouso E Composição Corporal Em Mulheres Na Pós-menopausa]

Objective: The present study evaluated the relationship between resting metabolic rate (RMR) and body composition of postmenopausal women. Methods: Thirty physically inactive women participated in the study, and their age average was 54,33 ± 5,20 years old. Oxygen consumption was measured by indirect calorimetry after 12 hours of fasting and the values were calculated according to the equation of Weir. Body composition was obtained by the method of skinfolds and the measurement of waist circumference (WC) was used to assess abdominal fat. The linear correlation of Pearson was used to establish correlations between the variables. Results: We found significant correlations of TMR with the CC (0.42) and the lean mass (LM) (r = 0.48). Conclusions: The variables of body composition that can be involved in the determination of the RMR are LM and WC. © ABE&M todos os direitos reservados.536755759Hallal, P.C., Victora, C.G., Wells, J.C., Lima, R.C., Physical inactivity: Prevalence and associated variables in Brazilian adults (2003) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35 (11), pp. 1894-900Melby, C., Scholl, C., Edwards, G., Bullough, R., Effects of acute resistance on post-exercise energy expenditure and resting metabolic rate (1993) J Appl Physiol, 75 (4), pp. 1847-53Leal, D.B., Fonseca, P.H.S., Implicações na medida de taxa metabólica de repouso em idosos (2007) Rev Bras Nutr Clin, 22 (1), pp. 65-71Aubertin-Leheudre, M., Goulet, E.D.B., Dionne, I.J., Enhanced rate of resting energy expenditure in women using hormone replacement therapy: Preliminary results (2008) J Aging Physi Activ, 16 (1), pp. 53-60Foreaux, G., Pinto, K.M.C., Dâmaso, A., Efeito do consumo excessive de oxigênio após exercício e da taxa metabólica de repouso no gasto energético (2006) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 12 (6), pp. 393-8Nelson, K.M., Weinsier, R.L., Long, C.L., Schutz, Y., Prediction of resting energy expenditure from fat-free mass and fat mass (1992) Am J Clin Nutr, 56 (5), pp. 848-56Antunes, H.K.M., Santos, R.F., Boscolo, R.A., Bueno, O.F.A., Mello, M.T., Análise da taxa metabólica basal de idosos do sexo masculine antes e seis meses após exercícios de resistência (2005) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 11 (1), pp. 71-5Day, D.S., Gozansky, W.S., van Pelt, R.E., Schwarts, R.S., Kohrt, W.M., Sex hormones suppression reduces resting energy expenditure and β-adrenergic support of resting energy expenditure (2005) J Clin Endocrinol Metabolism, 90 (6), pp. 3312-7Armellini, F., Zamboni, M., Mino, A., Bissoli, L., Micciolo, R., Bosello, O., Postabsorptive resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of food in relation to body composition and adipose tissue distribution (2000) Metabolism, 149 (1), pp. 6-10Sternfeld, B., Bhat, A.K., Wang, H., Sharp, T., Quesenberry, C.P., Menopause, physical activity, and body composition/fat distribution in midlife women (2005) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37 (7), pp. 1195-202Janssen, I., Heymsfield, S.B., Ross, R., Low relative skeletal muscle mass (sarcopenia) in older persons is associated with functional impairment and physical disability (2002) J Am Geriatr Soc, 50 (5), pp. 889-96Choi, J.W., Pai, S.H., Bone mineral density correlates strongly with basal metabolic rate in postmenopausal women (2003) Clin Chimica Acta, 333 (1), pp. 79-84Anderson, E.J., Lavoio, H.B., Strauss, C.C., Hubbard, J.L., Sharpless, J.L., Hall, J.E., Body composition and energy balance: Lack of effects of short-term hormone replacement in postmenopausal women (2001) Metabolism, 50 (3), pp. 265-9Lemoine, S., Granier, P., Tiffoche, C., Rannou-Bekono, F., Thieulant, M.L., Delamarche, P., Estrogen receptor alpha mRNA in human skeletal muscles (2003) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 35 (3), pp. 439-43Hackney, A.C., Muoio, D., Meyer, W.R., The effect of sex steroids hormones on substrate oxidationduring prolonged submaximal exercise in women (2000) Jpn J Physiol, 50 (5), pp. 489-94Luhrmann, P.M., Herbert, B.M., Neuhauser-Berthold, M., Effects of fat mass and body composition on resting metabolic rate in the elderly (2001) Metabolism, 50 (8), pp. 972-5Rankinen, T., Kim, S.Y., Pérusse, L., Després, J.-P., Bouchard, C., The prediction of abdominal visceral fat level from body composition and anthropometry: ROC analysis (1999) Int J Obes, 23 (8), pp. 801-9Wong, S.L., Janssen, L., Ross, R., Abdominal adipose tissue distribution and metabolic risk (2003) Sports Med, 33 (10), pp. 709-26Gibbons, M.D.R., Henry, C.J.K., Ulijaszek, S.J., Lightowler, H.J., Intra-individual variation in RMR in older people (2004) Br J Nutr, 91 (3), pp. 485-9(1988) Anthropometric standardizing reference manual, pp. 55-80. , Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R, editors, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics BooksJackson, A.S., Pollock, M.L., Generalized equations for predicting body density of women (1980) Med Sci Sports Exerc, 12 (3), pp. 175-82Siri, W.E., Body composition from fluid spaces and density (1961) Techniques for measuring body composition, pp. 223-44. , In: Brozek J, Henschel A, Washington, DC: National Academy of ScienceWeir, J.B., New methods for calculating metabolic rate with especial references to protein metabolism (1949) J Physiol, 62, pp. 20-7Trevisan, M.C., Burini, R.C., Metabolismo de repouso de mulheres pós-menopausadas submetidas a programa de treinamento com pesos (hipertrofia) (2007) Rev Bras Med Esporte, 13 (2), pp. 133-7Sparti, A., Delany, J.P., Bretonne, J.A., Sander, G.E., Bray, G.A., Relationship between resting metabolic rate and the composition of the fat-free mass (1997) Metabolism, 46 (10), pp. 1225-30Bouchard, C., Bray, G.A., Hubbard, V.S., Basic and clinical aspects of regional fat distribution (1990) Am J Clin Nutr, 52 (5), pp. 946-50Tataranni, P.A., Ravussin, E., Variability in metabolic rate: Biological sites of regulation (1995) Int J Obes, 19 (SUPPL. 4), pp. S102-6Kabir, M., Catalano, K.J., Ananthnarayan, S., Kim, S.P., van Citters, G.W., Mk, D., Molecular evidence supporting the portal theory: A causative link between visceral adiposity and hepatic insulin resistance (2005) Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab, 288 (2), pp. 454-61(2001) Third report of the National Institute Cholesterol Education Program Expert Panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults, (1), p. 3670. , National Institute of Health, (Adult Treatment Panel III). Executive Summary. NIH PublicationsMacera, C.A., Jones, D.A., Yore, M.M., Ham, S.A., Col, H.W., Kimsey, C.D., Prevalence of physical activity, including lifestyle activities among adults (2003) Weekly, 52 (32), pp. 764-

Acute hormonal responses following different velocities of eccentric exercise

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)The aim of this study was to compare the acute hormonal responses following two different eccentric exercise velocities. Seventeen healthy, untrained, young women were randomly placed into two groups to perform five sets of six maximal isokinetic eccentric actions at slow (30 degrees s(-1)) and fast (210 degrees s(-1)) velocities with 60-s rest between sets. Growth hormone, cortisol, free and total testosterone were assessed by blood samples collected at baseline, immediately postexercise, 5, 15 and 30 min following eccentric exercise. Changes in hormonal responses over time were compared between groups, using a mixed model followed by a Tukey's post hoc test. The main findings of the present study were that the slow group showed higher growth hormone values immediately (5.08 +/- 2.85ng ml(-1), P=0.011), 5 (5.54 +/- 301 ng ml(-1), P=0.004) and 15 min (4.30 +/- 2.87 ng ml(-1), P=0.021) posteccentric exercise compared with the fast group (1.39 +/- 2.41 ng ml(-1), 1.34 +/- 1.97 ng ml(-1) and 1.24 +/- 1.87 ng ml(-1), respectively), and other hormonal responses were not different between groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, slow eccentric exercise velocity enhances more the growth hormone(GH) response than fast eccentric exercise velocity without cortisol and testosterone increases.336450454Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Neuromuscular And Metabolic Characteristics Of Elite Basketball Referees.

The dynamics of Basketball refereeing has changed and more recently the championships started to use the participation of three referees, but there is still a lack of information about the physical characteristics and performance of the referees. The aim of this study was to characterize the neuromuscular and metabolic performances and body composition of Brazilian elite basketball referees, with a level of national and international refereeing. Thirty-seven referees participated in the study (international level N.=17 and national level N.=20). We evaluated anthropometric and body composition variables, among them: height, body mass, body mass index (BMI) and body fat (%); metabolic parameters: lactate at rest and post-exercise; and neuromuscular performance: speed, explosive lower limbs strength, flexibility and aerobic capacity. The main results showed a statistically significant difference in age, in which the international referees were older than the national level (41.94±6.71; 37.30±7.23; P=0.036). There were not significant differences between the levels for neuromuscular and metabolic parameters and body composition. Comparing the results with athletes, the referees showed lower neuromuscular and metabolic parameters and the body composition showed higher body fat than basketball players. These data may represent physiological parameters to be considered in the prescription of physical training during the preparation and competition period.53321722

The periodized resistance training promotes similar changes in lipid profile in middle-aged men and women

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Aim. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of 16 weeks of periodized resistance training in lipid profile in sedentary middle-aged men and women. Methods. Healthy subjects (N.=50), middle-aged men and postmenopausal women (>12 months amenorrhea), were randomized into resistance training men (RTM), resistance training women (RTW), control group men (CGM) and control group women (CGW). They performed three weekly sessions for 16 weeks (9 exercises with 3 x 8-10 RM and with a 60-90 seconds rest period). Results. Trained groups showed significant decrease in total cholesterol (TC) (RTM -23.61%; RTW -21.08%; P=0.0001) and LDL-C (RTM -35.68%; RTW -38.53%; P=0.0001). No significant changes were observed in HDL-C and triglycerides (TG). No significant changes were found in plasma levels of LDL-C, HDL-C and TG for control groups, though there were significant differences between CGM and CGW for TC. Conclusion. The present results indicate that 16 weeks of periodized RT contribute to decrease of cardiovascular risk factors, such as LDL-C and TC in middle-aged men and women, even without changes in body mass and body mass index.523286292Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Predictive Equations Overestimate The Resting Metabolic Rate In Postmenopausal Women.

The resting energetic dispenses on postmenopausal stage should be well known in order to elaborate obesity prevention programs. The aim of this study was to compare the resting metabolic rate (RMR) measured by indirect calorimetry (RMRmeasured) with predictive equations (RMRestimated) and verify which preexisting equation is more indicated for this population, in inactive, postmenopausal women. 43 postmenopausal women volunteered for the present study. RMRestimated value was achieved by indirect calorimetry. The predictive equations used were: Harris-Benedict equation (HB), Henry e Ree (HR), Mifflin-St Jeor equation (MSJ), World Health Organization equation (WHO) and Female Brazilian Population (FBP). Body composition was obtained through skinfolds method. All equations showed significant difference values for kcal/day (p<0.00001) (HB 1313.07±73.46; HR 1310.95±81.41; MSJ 1207.93±93.17; WHO 1375.73±61.01 and FBP 1250.05±73.54 kcal/day) in relation to RMRestimated (1063.79±157.82). The WHO equation was the one which most overestimated the RMR values with a difference of more than 300 kcal/day. None of the equations to approach, in this study showed precision in the estimative of RMR, all prediction equations overestimated RMR values in Brazilians' postmenopausal women, although the MSJ predictive equation showed the greater approximation of RMRmeasured for this population.17211-

Monitoring of immunological parameters in adolescent basketball athletes during and after a sports season

The objective of the present study was to monitor the immunological and hormonal responses and the occurrence of upper respiratory symptoms in adolescent basketball athletes during the different stages of a sports season. Anthropometric measures, biochemical analyses (interleukin-6, interleukin-10, tumour necrosis factor-alpha, C-reactive protein, testosterone and cortisol), neuromuscular evaluations (standing vertical jumping ability, agility and estimated VO2max) and leukocyte counts were performed at four moments: 72 h before the season (-72 h); before the season (Pre-season); after six weeks, at the end of the preparatory period (Preparatory); and after 20 weeks, at the end of the competitive period (Competitive). Also, the occurrence of upper respiratory symptoms was collected weekly during all stages of the season. There were significant increases in monocytes, cortisol, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and C-reactive protein at the Competitive moment as compared to the Pre-season. In addition, interleukin-10 decreased at the Competitive moment as compared to the Pre-season. Occurrence of upper respiratory symptoms demonstrated increases (38%) during the competitive period as compared to the preparatory. These results suggest that periods of training and competition could increase the occurrence of upper respiratory symptoms in adolescent athletes and this may be due to the unwanted effects of an inflammatory process in response to the excessive stress of training and competition.32111050105