Detention Properties of Subsurface Stormwater Modules Under Tropical Climate

Subsurface stormwater module is one of the components of a sustainable drainage system. However, the performance of subsurface stormwater module as on-site detention under tropical climate like Malaysia has not been extensively studied in the literature. The current study involves on-site installation of pilot scale subsurface stormwater modules exposed to tropical climate to simulate real conditions to evaluate the detention performance. Rainfall together with the changes in water level and volume of water detained in the installation were observed for six months between April 2021 to October 2021. The subsurface stormwater module used in the current study has a porosity of 94%. It was found that the subsurface stormwater module setup was able to detain between 35.2% to 95.6% of the rainfall volume generated from total rainfall between 11.1 mm to 56.8 mm. The findings can be used as design consideration for using subsurface stormwater module under tropical climate

Lazaroid U-74500A for warm ischemia and reperfusion injury of the canine small intestine

BACKGROUND: Although lazaroids have been shown to protect various organs from ischemia/reperfusion injury, results obtained in the small intestine have been conflicting. STUDY DESIGN: The canine small intestine was made totally ischemic for 2 hours by occluding the superior mesenteric artery and the superior mesenteric vein with interruption of the mesenteric collateral vessels. A lazaroid compound, U74500A, or a citrate vehicle was given intravenously to each of the six animals for 30 minutes before intestinal ischemia. Intestinal tissue blood flow, lipid peroxidation, neutrophil infiltration, adenine nucleotides and their catabolites, and histologic changes after reperfusion were determined. RESULTS: Lazaroid treatment attenuated decline of the mucosal and serosal blood flow after reperfusion. Accumulation of lipid peroxidation products and neutrophils in mucosal tissues was markedly inhibited by the treatment. Postischemic energy resynthesis was also augmented by lazaroid. Morphologically, mucosal architectures were better preserved with lazaroid treatment after reperfusion, and recovered to normal by postoperative day 3 in the treated group and by post-operative day 7 in control animals. CONCLUSIONS: Lazaroids protect the canine small intestine from ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting lipid peroxidation and neutrophil infiltration. Dogs are tolerant of 2-hour normothermic complete intestinal ischemia

Low volume in vitro diagnostic proton NMR spectroscopy of human blood plasma for lipoprotein and metabolite analysis: application to SARS-CoV-2 biomarkers.

The utility of low sample volume in vitro diagnostic (IVDr) proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopic experiments on blood plasma for information recovery from limited availability or high value samples was exemplified using plasma from patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection and normal controls. 1H NMR spectra were obtained using solvent-suppressed 1D, spin-echo (CPMG), and 2-dimensional J-resolved (JRES) spectroscopy using both 3 mm outer diameter SampleJet NMR tubes (100 μL plasma) and 5 mm SampleJet NMR tubes (300 μL plasma) under in vitro diagnostic conditions. We noted near identical diagnostic models in both standard and low volume IVDr lipoprotein analysis (measuring 112 lipoprotein parameters) with a comparison of the two tubes yielding R2 values ranging between 0.82 and 0.99 for the 40 paired lipoprotein parameters samples. Lipoprotein measurements for the 3 mm tubes were achieved without time penalty over the 5 mm tubes as defined by biomarker recovery for SARS-CoV-2. Overall, biomarker pattern recovery for the lipoproteins was extremely similar, but there were some small positive offsets in the linear equations for several variables due to small shimming artifacts, but there was minimal degradation of the biological information. For the standard untargeted 1D, CPMG, and JRES NMR experiments on the same samples, the reduced signal-to-noise was more constraining and required greater scanning times to achieve similar differential diagnostic performance (15 min per sample per experiment for 3 mm 1D and CPMG, compared to 4 min for the 5 mm tubes). We conclude that the 3 mm IVDr method is fit-for-purpose for quantitative lipoprotein measurements, allowing the preparation of smaller volumes for high value or limited volume samples that is common in clinical studies. If there are no analytical time constraints, the lower volume experiments are equally informative for untargeted profiling

Genotyping of Sarawak rice cultivars using microsatellite markers

Genetic diversity of 53 Sarawak rice cultivars, originating from Southern Sarawak, was assessed using 54 microsatellite markers. Initial polymorphism detection was conducted using 54 primer pairs distributed on 12 rice chromosomes. Polymorphic markers were chosen from the initial screening results in order to obtain microsatellite marker panels that can differentiate the rice cultivars undertaken in the study. The chosen microsatellite marker panel consisted of RM1, RM240, RM489, RM252, RM413, RM204, RM11, RM404, RM316, RM271, RM206, and RM19, with one representative from each chromosome. A total of 43 alleles were detected with an average of 3.58 alleles per locus. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values obtained from the microsatellite marker panels ranged from 0.306 to 0.730, with an average of 0.622. The Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) dendrogram (r = 0.789) revealed 2 major groups with 6 sub-clusters and the wide range of similarity values (0.24-1.0) obtained showed a high degree of diversity among the cultivars. The results suggest microsatellite markers as a useful tool for the estimation of genetic diversity and cultivar differentiation and present invaluable genetic information for future breeding and association mapping efforts