Comparison of the diagnostic accuracy of commercial NS1-based diagnostic tests for early dengue infection

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>We compared the diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of commercially available NS1-based dengue tests and explored factors influencing their sensitivities.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Paired analysis of 310 samples previously characterized as positive (n = 218) and negative (n = 92) for viral isolation and/or RT-PCR and/or IgM seroconversion. Masked samples were tested by two observers with Platelia™ Dengue NS1 Ag, second generation Pan-E™ Dengue Early ELISA, SD Dengue NS1 Ag ELISA, Dengue NS1 Ag STRIP™, and SD BIOLINE™ Dengue Duo (NS1/IgM/IgG).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>SD BIOLINE™ NS1/IgM/IgG had the highest sensitivity (80.7% 95%CI 75-85.7) with likelihood ratios of 7.4 (95%CI 4.1-13.8) and 0.21 (95%CI 0.16-0.28). The ELISA-format tests showed comparable sensitivities; all below 75%. STRIP™ and SD NS1 had even lower sensitivities (<65%). The sensitivities significantly decreased in samples taken after 3 days of fever onset, in secondary infections, viral serotypes 2 and 4, and severe dengue. Adding IgM or IgG to SD NS1 increased its sensitivity in all these situations.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The simultaneous detection of NS1/IgM/IgG would be potentially useful for dengue diagnosis in both endemic and non endemic areas. A negative result does not rule out dengue. Further studies are required to assess the performance and impact of early laboratory diagnosis of dengue in the routine clinical setting.</p

Marcadores de activación inmunológica en fiebre hemorrágica por virus dengue

IP 1106-04-13089Contrato 537-2002 Contiene Copia del Informe técnico final.Las enfermedades causadas por el virus dengue (VD), especialmente las formas severas, la fiebre hemorrágica por dengue (DHF) y el sindrome de choque por dengue (SSD), son un problema creciente de salud pública en el mundo. La incidencia anual del dengue alcanza hasta 50 millones de casos por año, de los cuales 500.000 personas son hospitalizadas y 20.000 muere

Transmisión del virus de la rabia entre murciélagos urbanos del departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 1999-2008 Rabies virus transmission among urban bats in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 1999-2008

Introducción. La intromisión humana en ecosistemas silvestres ha provocado cambios de comportamiento en los murciélagos, con la consecuente invasión a viviendas, convirtiéndolos en un factor de riesgo para la transmisión de la rabia a humanos y mascotas. Objetivos. Determinar en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, las asociaciones entre hábitos de comportamiento y transmisión de rabia entre murciélagos y su significado epidemiológico con énfasis en riesgo para la población humana. Materiales y métodos. Durante el periodo de diciembre 1999 a junio 2008, fueron capturados 1.321 murciélagos por el programa de vigilancia de rabia en el departamento del Valle del Cauca. El diagnóstico de rabia se hizo por inmunofluorescencia directa e inoculación en ratones, utilizando tejido encefálico de los murciélagos capturados. La tipificación viral se hizo por inmunofluorescencia indirecta usando anticuerpos monoclonales. Resultados. Se detectaron dos ejemplares de Eptesicus brasiliensis positivos para rabia en los años 2000 y 2002, y dos casos más en especímenes de E. brasiliensis y Molossus molossus, en el 2008. No se detectó el virus de la rabia en E. brasiliensis ni en M. molossus, ni en ninguna otra especie durante los años 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006 y 2007. Se encontraron distintas especies de murciélagos, como E. brasiliensis, M. molossus, Myotis nigricans, Glossophaga soricina, Noctiliio albiventris y Carollia perspicillata, compartiendo refugios en casas. Se detectaron virus rábicos de las variantes antigénicas 3 y 4, en murciélagos M. molossus y E. brasiliensis. Conclusiones. La presencia en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca de las variantes antigénicas 3 y 4 del virus rábico en murciélagos no hematófagos de hábitos caseros, probablemente, ha sido facilitada por la deforestación de los hábitats naturales de estas especies; además, el estilo de arquitectura urbana provee un hábitat artificial que posibilita el contacto físico entre las especies y la transmisión de rabia entre ellas. Ante las dificultades para controlar la rabia en murciélagos y la falta de herramientas adecuadas, la vigilancia continua de la enfermedad en los murciélagos, basada en el diagnóstico y la tipificación de los virus rábicos por laboratorio, en de los asentamientos humanos y alrededor de ellos, la vacunación preventiva en animales domésticos y de producción, así como la educación de la comunidad (para la concientización del riesgo y la recolección pasiva de muestras para su análisis), se convierten en las mejores herramientas para prevenir la transmisión a humanos.Introduction: Human activities in the wild have recently increased the changes in bat behavior and invasion of houses, turning these animals into a health threat for humans and pets. Objectives: To determine the associations between behavioral habits and rabies transmission among bats in the department of Valle del Cauca and to assess the risk the existence of rabies in house dwelling bats presents for human health. Material and methods: In the period from December 1999 to June 2008, 1,321 hematophagous and non-hematophagous bats were captured for rabies epidemiological surveillance in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Rabies was diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence test on the brain tissue of collected animals. Viral typification was achieved by indirect immunofluorecense using rabies specific monoclonal antibodies. Results: Four bats were positive for rabies: two Eptesicus brasiliensis in 2000 and 2002, and an Eptesicus brasiliensis and a Molossus molossus in 2008. During the years 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2007 no rabies virus was found in E. brasiliensis and M. molossus or in any other bat species. Various species including E. brasiliensis, M. molossus, Myotis nigricans, Glossophaga soricina, Noctiliio albiventris and Carollia perspicillata were found sharing shelters in houses. Rabies virus antigenic variants 3 and 4 were found in M. molossus and E. brasiliensis bats only. Conclusions: The presence and potential spread of rabies antigenic variants 3 and 4 to cities have very likely been facilitated by the perturbation of the natural habitats of non-hematophagous bats in the department of Valle del Cauca; the urban architecture style also provides an artificial habitat which allows for physical contact and rabies transmission among the species. Seeing the difficulty for controlling rabies in bats and the lack of adequate tools, intensive laboratory based rabies surveillance in and around human settlements, preventive vaccination for house and production animals, and education for the community (in relation to increasing the awareness concerning the risk, and passive recollection of samples for analysis) represent major preventive strategies against bat rabies transmission to humans and pets

Transmisión del virus de la rabia entre murciélagos urbanos del departamento del Valle del Cauca, Colombia, 1999-2008

ResumenIntroducciónLa intromisión humana en ecosistemas silvestres ha provocado cambios de comportamiento en los murciélagos, con la consecuente invasión a viviendas, convirtiéndolos en un factor de riesgo para la transmisión de la rabia a humanos y mascotas.ObjetivosDeterminar en el departamento del Valle del Cauca, las asociaciones entre hábitos de comportamiento y transmisión de rabia entre murciélagos y su significado epidemiológico con énfasis en riesgo para la población humana.Materiales y métodosDurante el periodo de diciembre 1999 a junio 2008, fueron capturados 1.321 murciélagos por el programa de vigilancia de rabia en el departamento del Valle del Cauca. El diagnóstico de rabia se hizo por inmunofluorescencia directa e inoculación en ratones, utilizando tejido encefálico de los murciélagos capturados. La tipificación viral se hizo por inmunofluorescencia indirecta usando anticuerpos monoclonales.ResultadosSe detectaron dos ejemplares de Eptesicus brasiliensis positivos para rabia en los años 2000 y 2002, y dos casos más en especímenes de E. brasiliensis y Molossus molossus, en el 2008. No se detectó el virus de la rabia en E. brasiliensis ni en M. molossus, ni en ninguna otra especie durante los años 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006 y 2007. Se encontraron distintas especies de murciélagos, como E. brasiliensis, M. molossus, Myotis nigricans, Glossophaga soricina, Noctiliio albiventris y Carollia perspicillata, compartiendo refugios en casas. Se detectaron virus rábicos de las variantes antigénicas 3 y 4, en murciélagos M. molossus y E. brasiliensis.ConclusionesLa presencia en el Departamento del Valle del Cauca de las variantes antigénicas 3 y 4 del virus rábico en murciélagos no hematófagos de hábitos caseros, probablemente, ha sido facilitada por la deforestación de los hábitats naturales de estas especies; además, el estilo de arquitectura urbana provee un hábitat artificial que posibilita el contacto físico entre las especies y la transmisión de rabia entre ellas. Ante las dificultades para controlar la rabia en murciélagos y la falta de herramientas adecuadas, la vigilancia continua de la enfermedad en los murciélagos, basada en el diagnóstico y la tipificación de los virus rábicos por laboratorio, en de los asentamientos humanos y alrededor de ellos, la vacunación preventiva en animales domésticos y de producción, así como la educación de la comunidad (para la concientización del riesgo y la recolección pasiva de muestras para su análisis), se convierten en las mejores herramientas para prevenir la transmisión a humanos.AbstractIntroductionHuman activities in the wild have recently increased the changes in bat behavior and invasion of houses, turning these animals into a health threat for humans and pets.ObjectivesTo determine the associations between behavioral habits and rabies transmission among bats in the department of Valle del Cauca and to assess the risk the existence of rabies in house dwelling bats presents for human health.Material and methodsIn the period from December 1999 to June 2008, 1,321 hematophagous and non-hematophagous bats were captured for rabies epidemiological surveillance in the department of Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Rabies was diagnosed by direct immunofluorescence test on the brain tissue of collected animals. Viral typification was achieved by indirect immunofluorecense using rabies specific monoclonal antibodies.ResultsFour bats were positive for rabies: two Eptesicus brasiliensis in 2000 and 2002, and an Eptesicus brasiliensis and a Molossus molossus in 2008. During the years 1999, 2001, 2003, 2004, 2006 and 2007 no rabies virus was found in E. brasiliensis and M. molossus or in any other bat species. Various species including E. brasiliensis, M. molossus, Myotis nigricans, Glossophaga soricina, Noctiliio albiventris and Carollia perspicillata were found sharing shelters in houses. Rabies virus antigenic variants 3 and 4 were found in M. molossus and E. brasiliensis bats only.ConclusionsThe presence and potential spread of rabies antigenic variants 3 and 4 to cities have very likely been facilitated by the perturbation of the natural habitats of non-hematophagous bats in the department of Valle del Cauca; the urban architecture style also provides an artificial habitat which allows for physical contact and rabies transmission among the species. Seeing the difficulty for controlling rabies in bats and the lack of adequate tools, intensive laboratory based rabies surveillance in and around human settlements, preventive vaccination for house and production animals, and education for the community (in relation to increasing the awareness concerning the risk, and passive recollection of samples for analysis) represent major preventive strategies against bat rabies transmission to humans and pets

Assessment of Antigen-Specific CTL- and CD8+-Dependent IFN-γ Responses in Mice

Mosquito injection of Plasmodium sporozoites into the bloodstream is followed by a short transit period before invasion of the hepatocyte, the only host cell expressing class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Liver stages develop within the hepatocyte for periods that vary according to the species, and they express various stage-specific proteins. Finally, schizonts are released into the bloodstream and invade the red blood cells, the final host cell before the continuation of the parasite cycle upon a subsequent mosquito bite

Identificación de epitopes citotóxicos en secuencias conservadas del virus del dengue

IP 1106-04-1003-98citotometria de Fujo (3 : 2000 nov. 3-4 : Bogotá, Colombia). --Bogotá : Pontificia Universidad Javeriana,;2000. -- p. -- 28 cm. -- Enfermedades alergicas siglo XXIla pandemia de las ma bronquial avances en;inmunologia. -- En: Congreso nacional: asociacion colombiana dealergia, asma e inmunologia (3 : 2001 sep.;PONENCIA(S) EN CONGRESO: Evaluacion de secuencias conservadasenproteinasvirus del dengue como potenciales;epitopes cototoxicos / Viviana Rodriguez ... [et al.]. --En:Taller Nacional de actualizacion en;27-30 : Barranquilla, Colombia). -- Barranquilla : Hotel El Prado, 2001. -- p. -- 28 cm

Ensayo clínico aleatorizado de la validez e impacto de pruebas diagnósticas para dengue en sujetos con síndrome febril en el Valle del Cauca.

El diagnóstico del dengue se hace difícil debido a que los signos y síntomas de dengue son similares a otras enfermedades prevalentes en las mismas zonas geográficas. Las pruebas rápidas de diagnóstico de dengue que detectan simultáneamente la presencia de anticuerpos (IgM e igG) específicos para dengue y el antígeno viral NS1 tienen un buen desempeño bajo condiciones ideales y podrían ser útiles para facilitar el diagnóstico de pacientes con sospecha clínica de dengue

Dengue Virus and Influenza A Virus Co-Infection in Pregnancy: A Case Report

Dengue is still an important cause of disease and mortality in tropical countries, as is influenza A virus, which is also a cause of epidemics all over the globe. In this article, we present the case of a 31-year-old woman who was in her second trimester of pregnancy and presented with severe dengue with hematological and neurological complications, and premature labor. She was misdiagnosed with bacterial infection and received antibiotic treatment with no improvement of the clinical manifestations and previous to death, she was diagnosed with dengue infection. She died from cardiorespiratory arrest. In the postmortem evaluation, influenza A co-infection was confirmed and characterization of the tissue damage and immune response in lung, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and brain was determined, finding a severe inflammatory response in lung with T cells and macrophages infiltrating the tissue. This case report highlights the risks of accepting a single diagnosis, especially in endemic countries to multiple tropical diseases, which can lead to delay in appropriate treatment that could reduce morbidity and mortality

The use of rapid dengue diagnostic tests in a routine clinical setting in a dengue-endemic area of Colombia

There is insufficient evidence of the usefulness of dengue diagnostic tests under routine conditions. We sought to analyse how physicians are using dengue diagnostics to inform research and development. Subjects attending 14 health institutions in an endemic area of Colombia with either a clinical diagnosis of dengue or for whom a dengue test was ordered were included in the study. Patterns of test-use are described herein. Factors associated with the ordering of dengue diagnostic tests were identified using contingency tables, nonparametric tests and logistic regression. A total of 778 subjects were diagnosed with dengue by the treating physician, of whom 386 (49.5%) were tested for dengue. Another 491 dengue tests were ordered in subjects whose primary diagnosis was not dengue. Severe dengue classification [odds ratio (OR) 2.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1-4.5], emergency consultation (OR 1.9; 95% CI 1.4-2.5) and month of the year (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.7-5.5) were independently associated with ordering of dengue tests. Dengue tests were used both to rule in and rule out diagnosis. The latter use is not justified by the sensitivity of current rapid dengue diagnostic tests. Ordering of dengue tests appear to depend on a combination of factors, including physician and institutional preferences, as well as other patient and epidemiological factors