Risk management in public organizations

Uncertainty is a constant element of reality. It causes that the action strategies as well as the prediction of specific events and phenomena often fail. In the activities of organizations all sorts of risks appear which can affect their performance in different ways in the present and the future. Risk management (understood as its identification, estimation, and also the determination of appropriate responses) becomes an integral part of the activity. This also refers to public organization

Universities of the Third Age and their role in activating older people in Poland

Lifelong education, permanent development of interests, maintaining social contacts, or participation in voluntary work are a chance for aging people to stay active for as long as possible. For societies, however, it is a series of benefits derived from the experience, knowledge, skills and time that older people have and which ones often seniors want to share with others. The aim of the article is to present the role and influence on the activation of older people of Universities of the Third Age in Poland. These are institutions that respond in a comprehensive way to the needs of seniors in the social, cultural and educational aspects

Analiza učestalosti promjena i simptoma bolesti u divljih svinja u Poljskoj u razdoblju 2015.-2019.

The aim of the study was to analyse the results of the post-mortem sanitary and veterinary examinations of wild boar by the Veterinary Inspection in Poland between 2015 and 2019. The examination took into account changes such as emaciation, septicaemia and pyaemia, parasitic diseases and other. Analyses determined the number of animals examined, the number of carcasses with lesions, and the number of carcasses declared unfit for consumption. During the study period, more than 680,000 wild boars were subjected to sanitary and veterinary tests in Poland. Symptoms or lesions were found in 11,566 animals (1.70%), and 10,883 (1.60%) animals were declared unfit for consumption. The percentage of wild boar carcasses with lesions examined by year ranged from 1.23% in 2015 to 2.02% in 2019 and the percentage of wild boar carcasses declared unfit in relation to all carcasses tested ranged from 1.23% in 2015 to 1.88% in 2019. Parasitic lesions were found in 3488 wild boar carcasses, accounting for 30.16% of all changes recorded in wild boar carcasses. The most common parasitic disease was trichinellosis and the most frequent change was emaciation, which was recorded in 2665 (0.39%) animals. Putrefaction is a common lesion in wild boar carcasses, and was detected in 2546 (0.37%) animals. Territorial differences were found in the frequency of lesions in wild boars in Poland. The most trichinellosis cases in carcasses was recorded in Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (748) and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship (638). Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodeship and Wielkopolskie Voivodeship together had a total of 2324 cases of emaciation, accounting for 87.2% of all cases of these changes registered in the study period. The largest number of wild boar carcasses declared unfit for consumption was found in Kujawsko-pomorskie Voivodeship (3356) and Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship (2692), together accounting for 6048 unfit carcasses, or more than 55% of all carcasses declared unfit for consumption during the study period. The number of wild boars diagnosed with trichinellosis increased during the study period and was highest during 2019, with a systematic increase in the percentage of carcasses declared unfit for consumption in relation to the total.Cilj studije bio je analizirati rezultate obdukcijskog pregleda divljih svinja u Poljskoj između 2015. i 2019. godine. Analizirani su rezultati službenog sanitarnog i veterinarskog pregleda divljih svinja kojeg je obavila Veterinarska inspekcija. Procjena je uzela u obzir promjene poput mršavljenje, septikemije i pijemije, parazitskih bolesti i druge promjene. Analiza rezultata testa uzela je u obzir broj ispitanih životinja, broj leševa na kojima su otkrivene lezije i broj leševa proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju. Više od 680 tisuća divljih svinja podvrgnuto je sanitarnim i veterinarskim testovima u Poljskoj između 2015. i 2019. godine. Tijekom studije otkriveni su simptomi ili lezije u 11566 životinja, što čini 1,70 %. 10883 životinja proglašeno je neprikladnima za konzumaciju. To je predstavljalo 1,60 % svih ispitanih životinja. U pojedinačnim godinama, postotak leševa divljih svinja na kojima su otkrivene lezije kretao se od 1,23 % 2015. godine do 2,02 % 2019. Postotak leševa divljih svinja proglašen neprikladnim za konzumaciju u odnosu na sve ispitane leševe kretao se od 1,23 % 2015. godine do 1,88 % 2019. Parazitske lezije otkrivene su na 3488 leševa divljih svinja. One su predstavljale 30,16 % svih promjena zabilježenih na leševima divljih svinja. Najčešća parazitska bolest otkrivena u divljih svinja bila je trihineloza. Najčešća promjena u leševa divljih svinja bilo je mršavljenje. Ova promjena otkrivena je u razdoblju 2015.-2019. godine u 2665 divljih svinja (0,39 %). Trulež je česta lezija u leševa divljih svinja. Takve promjene otkrivene su u razdoblju 2015.-2019. godine u 2546 divljih svinja (0,37 %). Učestalost lezija u divljih svinja u Poljskoj pokazuje teritorijalne razlike. Između 2015. i 2019. godine najveći broj slučajeva trihineloze u leševa divljih svinja zabilježen je u Zachodniopomorskie vojvodstvu (748) i Wielkopolskie vojvodstvu (638). U Kujawsko-pomorskie vojvodstvu i Wielkopolskie vojvodstvu, bilo je ukupno 2324 slučaja mršavljenja, što je činilo 87,2 % svih slučajeva ovih promjena zabilježenih u razdoblju 2015.-2019. godine u Poljskoj. Najveći broj leševa divljih svinja proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju pronađen je u Kujawsko-pomorskie vojvodstvu (3356) i Zachodniopomorskie vojvodstvu (2692). Ukupni broj leševa proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju u ova dva vojvodstva bio je 6048, što je više od 55 % svih leševa divljih svinja proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju u Poljskoj u razdoblju 2015.- 2019. godine. Između 2015. i 2019. godine broj divljih svinja u kojih je dijagnosticirana bolest bio je u porastu. U analiziranom razdoblju vidljiv je sistematični porast u postotku leševa divljih svinja proglašenih neprikladnima za konzumaciju u odnosu na sve ispitane. U 2019. godini, postotak slučajeva trihineloze u divljih svinja porastao je u usporedbi s rezultatima studije u razdoblju 2016.-2018. godine

Saving "for old age" : the capital forms of saving for retirement in the Polish social security system

In the times of demographic crisis, we should give particular attention to the issue of security in old age. State authorities offer different solutions to be both mandatory and voluntary. This article aims to identify the role of the capital forms of saving for retirement in the Polish social security system and show the attitude of Poles to save for retirement

Family policy as a postulate in the Polish presidential election in 2015

Istotnym elementem istnienia każdego państwa jest dbałość o właściwe funkcjonowanie rodziny. W efekcie polityka rodzinna staje się ważnym elementem polityki społecznej realizowanej przez władze publiczne na wszystkich szczeblach organizacyjnych, a zapewnienie odpowiednich warunków funkcjonowania, modyfikacje istniejących rozwiązań, i postulaty zmian w tym obszarze są elementem wielu programów wyborczych, także na urząd Prezydenta RP. Celem niniejszego opracowania jest ocena stopnia zainteresowania problematyką rodzinną wszystkich kandydatów w wyborach prezydenckich 2015 roku w oparciu o analizę zarówno dokumentów programowych dostępnych na stronach internetowych kandydatów, jak i danych pozyskanych z innych źródeł, m.in. danych Komisji Europejskiej, a także danych ze stron rządowych.An important element of the existence of each country is caring for the proper functioning of the family. As a result, family policy becomes an important element of the social policy pursued by the public authorities at all levels of the organization, and providing adequate conditions for the operation, modification of existing solutions, and demands for changes in this area are part of many election programs, also for the office of the President of the Republic of Poland. The aim of this study is to assess the degree of interest in family issues of all candidates in the presidential elections 2015 based on an analysis of program documents, which are available on the websites of all candidates, as well as on data obtained from other sources including European Commission data, as well as government websites

Polish pension system as a response to the problems of an aging society

The pension system is an important element of social security. Its main objective is to provide citizens with a beyond retirement age standard of living. The realization of this purpose in the modern world faces increasingly difficulties, because on the whole world is observed adverse events, which may include, inter alia, an aging population and a decline in fertility. These developments, combined with permanently lengthening the life expectancy, caused a number of problems affecting the socio-economic and forced the governing changes in retirement systems. The aim of the paper is to show how authorities in Poland, trying to respond to the problem of an aging population, submit modifications to this area of social policy. In addition, in the study, primarily using descriptive and comparative method, there tried to rate the Polish pension system and there tried to show the directions and possibilities of its improvement. The conclusions and recommendations of this article can be also helpful for those responsible for the operation of pension systems in different countries

"Young family" as the subject of Polish social policy : fiction or real support?

Social policy is designed to study the changes that are taking place in the social structure under the influence of purposeful activities of public authorities and NGOs. It should also indicate directions and ways of solving contemporary social problems and evaluate the results. In today's world one of the major problems is the stability and proper functioning of the family, especially a young family. This is due to the fact that all the dysfunctions in this area involve long-term adverse socio-economic impacts on society as a whole. The purpose of this article is to analyze and evaluate the Polish activities of public authorities to ensure the development and support for young families in particular in the fields of employment, social security, housing and institutional care for children

Young people in the labor market as a challenge for social policy in selected Polish voivodoships

Osoby w wieku poniżej 25 roku życia należą do tzw. grupy osób znajdujących się w "szczególnej sytuacji" na rynku pracy. Oznacza to, że mają one poważne trudności z wejściem i utrzymaniem się na tym rynku. Powoduje to określone konsekwencje społeczno-ekonomiczne – zarówno dla tych osób, jak i dla całego społeczeństwa, które ponosi koszty zabezpieczenia społecznego. W warunkach nasilającego się zjawiska starzenia się społeczeństwa, koniecznością wydaje się podjęcie określonych działań, które pozwolą na zagospodarowanie wolnych obecnie zasobów siły roboczej – tak na szczeblu międzynarodowym, krajowym, jak i regionalnym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza i ocena dokumentów strategicznych wybranych województw z punktu widzenia zainteresowania poruszaną problematyką i proponowanych rozwiązań.People under the age of 25 years old belong to the so-called group of people at a "special situation" on the labor market. This means that they have severe difficulties in entering and operating on this market. This results in acertain socioeconomic consequences – both for individuals and for society as a whole, which will bear the cost of social security. Under the conditions of the growing phenomenon of an aging population, there seems to be a need to take specific actions that will allow for the development of currently available labor resources – both at the international, national, and regional levels. The purpose of this article is to analyze and rate the strategic documents of selected regions of interest from the point of view discussed problems and proposed solutions

Directions of changes in the management of Polish NGOs in processes of governmentalisation and marketisation

The recent years brought worldwide development of managerial thinking and practices in the third sector, but these processes are barely identified within the Polish non-governmental sector. Polish organisations are considerably more influenced by the public sector, which often results in too close relationships, dependence from public financial resources, and advancing institutionalisation. Perhaps the state’s retreat from a broad partnership with NGOs, widely regarded as disadvantageous and dangerous to the Polish democracy, that could be observed for the past two years at the central level, will turn out to be the saving grace and will stop the processes of governmentalisation. In search of the sources of funding other than public, increasing the quality of services and learning new rules, relations and principles; perhaps we will witness the emergence of a new formula of the third sector in Poland. Keeping in mind, of course, the leading principle of heterogenicity and diversity of NGOs' objectives, stemming from unlimited human need

Wybrane instrumenty finansowe polityki rewitalizacyjnej

The paper presents above all the importance of financial sources of revitalizing actions. It also aims at identification of all different financial sources of revitalization programs as well as assessment of the prospects of their implementation at a local and regional leve