PERFIL DOS INDIVÍDUOS COM DIABETES MELITO QUE SOFRERAM AMPUTAÇÕES NA REGIÃO DO VALE DO SINOS/RS

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer o perfil dos pacientes com Diabetes Melito (DM) que foram submetidos à cirurgia de amputação e que estiveram internados em um Hospital Público do Vale do Sinos, Sul do Brasil. Foi realizado um levantamento retrospectivo de quatorze prontuários de pacientes adultos com DM a partir de dados como idade, etnia, gênero, presença de hipertensão, tipo de DM, presença de úlcera no pé e/ou neuropatia, local da amputação, número de amputações e último nível glicêmico. Os resultados mostraram que 78% apresentavam diagnóstico de hipertensão; pé diabético e úlcera estavam presentes antes da cirurgia de amputação em todos os casos; 50% tinham amputação prévia; 21,4% apresentavam histórico de uma amputação e 28,6 %, de duas amputações. O nível glicêmico de jejum variou de 91mg/dl a 589 mg/dl.Os achados mostram a necessidade de medidas de prevenção do DM para reduzir o impacto desfavorável sobre a mortalidade e a morbidade desses pacientes, principalmente, com o objetivo de prevenir suas complicações, em especial, a amputação.Palavras-chave: Diabetes Melito. Amputação. Pé Diabético

Negligence and invisibility: Perceptions on obesity in the school context

The aim of this study was to investigate how it manifests obesity in the school context. The study included 21 obese and 10 directors. Research instruments used were semi-structured interviews with adolescents and questionnaire with the directors. The results show that there is little dialogue between the families of obese and school; the directors are unaware of the treatments performed for obesity by his students, directors attribute the responsibility of feeding the nutritionist at the Department of Education; bullying was presented as a factor in the school context as well, obesity is not regarded as a disease or as a factor of social exclusion, the educators also disclaim any responsibility or interference in this matter. Finally, it appears that obese adolescents are neglected in the context studied

Efectos del material particulado en los parámetros de comportamiento, hematológicos y bioquímicos en las ratas Wistar

Particulate matter (PM) can alter the cognitive processes, the depressive behavior, and the hematological profile in animals. This study aimed to evaluate the effects on behavioral, hematological, and biochemical parameters caused by PM in an animal model. A significant decrease in the locomotion activity of Group 3 (PM10) in relation to Group 1 (Control) and Group 2 (PM2.5) was observed. Regarding the anxiety behavior, Group 3 remained significantly the most part of the time in the open arms when compared to the control and PM2.5 groups. No hematological or biochemical alterations were observed among groups. In this study, we concluded that the exposure to particulate matter can cause neurological damages, and consequently, affect other systems.El Material Particulado (MP) puede alterar los procesos cognitivos, el comportamiento depresivo y hematológico en el modelo animal. El objetivo fue evaluar los efectos causados por MP en los parámetros conductuales, hematológicos y bioquímicos en un modelo animal. Se observaron alteraciones en la actividad locomotora de las ratas, donde hubo una disminución significativa en la locomoción del Grupo 3 (MP10) en comparación con los Grupo 1 (Control) y Grupo 2 (MP2,5). Con respecto al comportamiento de ansiedad, el Grupo 3 pasó significativamente más tiempo en brazos abiertos en comparación con el control y MP2,5. No se observaron cambios hematológicos y bioquímicos. En este estudio, se concluye que, la exposición a la MP puede causar daño neurológico y, en consecuencia, afectar a otros sistemas

PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO, BIOQUÍMICO E HEMATOLÓGICO DE IDOSOS RESIDENTES DO MUNICÍPIO DE IVOTI/RS

O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial que vem ocorrendo de forma rápida nos países em desenvolvimento. Este trabalho buscou conhecer as características dos idosos residentes de Ivoti/RS no intuito de contribuir e retardar problemas de saúde pública relacionados ao envelhecimento da população. Através de um estudo quantitativo transversal com 160 idosos do munícipio de Ivoti/RS, foi realizado um questionário sócio demográfico e coleta de amostras biológicas para análise bioquímicas e hematológicas. Nos resultados, obtivemos uma maioria (73,8%) de mulheres participantes, casados (57,5%), aposentados (100%), com renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos (58,1%), com escolaridade até 4º série (42,5%) e bilíngue (68,8%). Ao analisar as variáveis bioquímicas e hematológicas por sexo, não se obteve diferença estatística e os valores estão dentro do preconizado pela literatura. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo apontam para o envelhecimento bem-sucedido nos idosos residentes no município de Ivoti/RS.Palavras-chave: Idoso. Envelhecimento. Perfil Bioquímico. Perfil Hematológico. ABSTRACT Population aging is a fast-growing global phenomenon in developing countries. This work aimed to know the characteristics of elderly residentes of Ivoti/Rs, in order to contribute to and delay public health problems related to the aging of the population. A cross-sectional quantitative study with 160 elderly individuals from the municipality of Ivoti/Rs, carried out a sócio-demographic questionnaire and collection of biological samples for biochemical and hematological analysis. In the results, we obtained a majority (73,8%) of women, married (57,5%), redired (100%), with a Family income of up to two minimum wages (58,1%), series (42,5%) and bilingual (68,8%). When analyzing the biochemical and hematological variables by sex, no statistical difference was obtained and the values are within the recommended by the literature. The results found in this study point to the successful aging of the elderly in the monicipality of Ivoti/Rs. Keywords: Old man. Aging. Profile Biochemist. Profile Hematologic

PERFIL SOCIODEMOGRÁFICO, BIOQUÍMICO E HEMATOLÓGICO DE IDOSOS RESIDENTES DO MUNICÍPIO DE IVOTI/RS

O envelhecimento populacional é um fenômeno mundial que vem ocorrendo de forma rápida nos países em desenvolvimento. Este trabalho buscou conhecer as características dos idosos residentes de Ivoti/RS no intuito de contribuir e retardar problemas de saúde pública relacionados ao envelhecimento da população. Através de um estudo quantitativo transversal com 160 idosos do munícipio de Ivoti/RS, foi realizado um questionário sócio demográfico e coleta de amostras biológicas para análise bioquímicas e hematológicas. Nos resultados, obtivemos uma maioria (73,8%) de mulheres participantes, casados (57,5%), aposentados (100%), com renda familiar de até dois salários mínimos (58,1%), com escolaridade até 4º série (42,5%) e bilíngue (68,8%). Ao analisar as variáveis bioquímicas e hematológicas por sexo, não se obteve diferença estatística e os valores estão dentro do preconizado pela literatura. Os resultados encontrados nesse estudo apontam para o envelhecimento bem-sucedido nos idosos residentes no município de Ivoti/RS. Palavras-chave: Idoso. Envelhecimento. Perfil Bioquímico. Perfil Hematológico.   ABSTRACT Population aging is a fast-growing global phenomenon in developing countries. This work aimed to know the characteristics of elderly residentes of Ivoti/Rs, in order to contribute to and delay public health problems related to the aging of the population. A cross-sectional quantitative study with 160 elderly individuals from the municipality of Ivoti/Rs, carried out a sócio-demographic questionnaire and collection of biological samples for biochemical and hematological analysis. In the results, we obtained a majority (73,8%) of women, married (57,5%), redired (100%), with a Family income of up to two minimum wages (58,1%), series (42,5%) and bilingual (68,8%). When analyzing the biochemical and hematological variables by sex, no statistical difference was obtained and the values are within the recommended by the literature. The results found in this study point to the successful aging of the elderly in the monicipality of Ivoti/Rs. Keywords: Old man. Aging. Profile Biochemist. Profile Hematologic

APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN WATER TREATMENT

The industrial contamination, along with domestic effluents, agricultural and urban runoff are contaminating rivers and making it difficult for conventional water treatment to remove all the pollutants. This contamination can impact in the quality of rivers, in the quality of life of aquatic animals and can impact in the human health through the consumption of water. In order to improve the water quality, nanotechnology has been studied as an alternative to better remove contaminants, such as, heavy metals, oily water separation and antimicrobial activity. Besides, with the increase in industrialization along with the contamination of rivers, seawater could be an interesting alternative for drinking water source after adequate treatment. Nanomaterials are being studied as a possibility to remove salt from seawater, making it possible to drink. Howerver, there is a need to elucidate the potential risks to the environemt that these nanomaterials can cause. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe some applications of nanotechnology in water treatment regarding metals, oil removal from water, antimicrobial activity and desalination in order to improve water quality, as well, as discuss their potential risk to the environment

APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN WATER TREATMENT

The industrial contamination, along with domestic effluents, agricultural and urban runoff are contaminating rivers and making it difficult for conventional water treatment to remove all the pollutants. This contamination can impact in the quality of rivers, in the quality of life of aquatic animals and can impact in the human health through the consumption of water. In order to improve the water quality, nanotechnology has been studied as an alternative to better remove contaminants, such as, heavy metals, oily water separation and antimicrobial activity. Besides, with the increase in industrialization along with the contamination of rivers, seawater could be an interesting alternative for drinking water source after adequate treatment. Nanomaterials are being studied as a possibility to remove salt from seawater, making it possible to drink. Howerver, there is a need to elucidate the potential risks to the environemt that these nanomaterials can cause. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe some applications of nanotechnology in water treatment regarding metals, oil removal from water, antimicrobial activity and desalination in order to improve water quality, as well, as discuss their potential risk to the environment

Influência de variáveis ambientais na capacidade funcional em pacientes com doença pulmonar

Air pollution is related to negative impacts mainly on people with Chronic Respiratory Diseases (CRD), reflecting on respiratory health, reduced physical performance and so on. The objective was to investigate the influence of meteorological and air quality variables on the functional capacity of patients with CRD. This was a descriptive, retrospective and cross-sectional study of information collection in a database from 2016 to 2019. For the analysis of environmental variables, three different databases were used, one from the automatic air quality monitoring station in Novo Hamburgo, and the weather stations of Novo Hamburgo and Campo Bom (RS). The monitored data were: NO2, CO, O3, PM10, PM2,5, average temperature, minimum temperature, maximum temperature, precipitation, average wind speed and relative humidity. The sample consisted of 85 individuals from the Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program (PRP), where the variables spirometry and six-minute walk test (6MWT) were collected. It was observed that the higher the concentration of PM10 and the higher the minimum temperature, the lower the spirometric results. Furthermore, the greater the concentration of PM2.5, the shorter the distance that the individual travels. A relationship was found between environmental data and functional tests, where individuals with CRD are more sensitive to high levels of air pollutants, as well as to lower temperatures.A poluição do ar está relacionada a impactos negativos principalmente em pessoas com Doenças Respiratórias Crônicas (DRC), refletindo na saúde respiratória, redução do desempenho físico e etc. O objetivo foi investigar a influência de variáveis meteorológicas e de qualidade do ar na capacidade funcional de pacientes com DRC. Tratou-se de um estudo descritivo, retrospectivo e transversal de coleta de informações em banco de dados de 2016 a 2019. Para a análise das variáveis ambientais, foram utilizadas três bases de dados distintas, uma da estação de monitoramento automático da qualidade do ar em Novo Hamburgo, e as estações meteorológicas de Novo Hamburgo e Campo Bom (RS). Os dados monitorados foram: NO2, CO, O3, MP10, MP2,5, temperatura média, temperatura mínima, temperatura máxima, precipitação, velocidade média do vento e umidade relativa do ar. A amostra foi composta por 85 indivíduos do Programa de Reabilitação Pulmonar (PRP), onde foram coletadas as variáveis espirometria e teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6’). Observou-se que quanto maior a concentração de MP10 e maior a temperatura mínima, menores os resultados espirométricos. Além disso, quanto maior a concentração de MP2,5, menor é a distância que o indivíduo percorreu. Foi encontrada uma relação entre dados ambientais e testes funcionais, onde indivíduos com DRC são mais sensíveis a níveis elevados de poluentes atmosféricos, bem como a temperaturas mais baixas

Osteoarticular and musculoskeletal disorders, chronic pain, quality of life and physical activity level distributed by age and gender in elderly people participating in a water aerobics program

The study aims to describe osteoarticular and musculoskeletal disorders, chronic pain, quality of life (QOL) and physical activity level (PAL) distributed by age group and gender in the elderly. The design was quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional. The non-probabilistic sample, for convenience, comprised 101 elderly people, over 60 years old, who regularly participate in water aerobics activities in the municipality of Dois Irmãos, RS. The instruments used were: Multidimensional Pain Assessment Scale, Survey of Pain Attitudes, IPAQ and EUROHIS-QOL. Descriptive frequency analyzes were performed, which showed the predominance of women in water aerobics activities, most frequently in the age group of 70 years. Similarly, the presence of osteoarticular and musculoskeletal disorders and chronic pain intensity (moderate and severe) were more expressive in females and in the age group of 70 years. The distribution of QOL and pain intensity in relation to age, gender and PAL shows in the age group of 60 years, the male, irregularly active with higher average, with higher occurrence of pain (moderate) in the active elderly. Active females, on the other hand, show better QOL scores and higher pain intensity in irregularly active aspect. In conclusion, the actions promoted by the municipality have a positive impact on QOL. However, there is a need for greater involvement of participants to achieve more adequate levels of regular physical activity, taking into account the significant presence of pain complaints in females and in the age group of 70 years

Evaluation of the effects of fluoride and associated with lead in animal model and physical-chemical analysis of public supply water and of the Sinos river in the South of Brazil

Fluoride related to caries prevention is at the center of a scientific controversy. Studies show that fluoride causes damage to health and the environment, as well as reducing IQ in children. The fluoridation of drinking water, mandatory in Brazil, has repercussions over the whole society. One of our objectives was to know the concentrations of fluoride (F) and toxic metals of Sinos River, treated water and final consumers of the cities of Campo Bom (CB), Novo Hamburgo (NH) and São Leopoldo (SL), as well as the groundwater from Ivoti, located in southern Brazil. We also evaluated in rats the effects of F and, in association with lead (Pb), on thyroid hormones and the Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC). Three groups of rats were exposed to different waters: G1-Control with distilled water (DW); G2-DW with 25ppm (F); G3-DW with 25ppm (F) + 30 ppm (Pb). The Sinos River has an average concentration of 0.0735 mg.L-1 of F. But the F of both the water treated by the ETA of SL as well as in the final consumers of SL had concentrations above 0.9 mg.L-1 (State Ordinance No. 10/1999). In addition, we verified the presence of Pb and Cr (VI) in all types of water. The results with the animals showed a significant difference in T3 (p=0.032) and in T4 (p=0.043) from G3 to G1. In TAC, the difference was significant from G2 to G1 and G3 (p=0.007), showing that F and F with Pb interfere with the endocrine and antioxidant functions of rats. In addition, the fact that there are water fluoridation failures shows that the population is exposed to health risks. We confirm that drinking water fluoridation needs to be demystified and reconsidered as a public health intervention