To what extent is the reflection of colonialism in “Things Fall Apart” by Chinua Achebe and “A Passage to India” by E.M. Forster parallel to the concept of colonialism in George Orwell’s “Shooting an Elephant

This extended essay aims to investigate the colonial community given in George Orwell’s “Shooting an Elephant” and to compare this concept with the two other views from Chinua Achebe’s “Things Fall Apart” and E.M. Forster’s “A Passage to India”. The investigation in this essay begins with the scrutiny of Orwell’s piece and the narrator’s place in the community he is telling about. Through the delineations of the happenings and the reactions of the people in “Shooting an Elephant” are examined along with the symbols used by Orwell to describe the whole process of colonialism, which can also be seen by considering the title: The elephant and the gun imageries given with Orwell’s perspective. From one aspect the protagonist of the essay, Orwell himself, tells about his dilemma in Burma, and the pressure he feels he is under, exerted by the natives. Although he wants independence for all, he also hates the natives for the harsh situation they put him in. He realizes that colonialism affected both sides: Oppressed and oppressor. From another aspect, the elephant and the gun can be seen as symbols of East and West, as a miniature process of colonialism. In the other two texts by Achebe and Forster, the issues Orwell mentions in his essay are also examined through both native and British characters Although these two pieces( Achebe’s and Forster’s) take place in different countries and are about different processes, both Okonkwo’s and Aziz’s lives have common problems with Orwell of “Shooting an Elephant”. But what are those common issues? In what ways exactly these three pieces similar and different? To what extent are these two pieces are parallel in societal aspect to Orwell’s essay

The effect of sleep disorders on quality of life in patients with epilepsy: A multicenter study from Turkey

Objective: We aimed to investigate sleep disorders in patients with epilepsy (PWE) and to investigate the effects of sleep disorders on quality of life. Methods: In our multicenter study conducted in Turkey, 1358 PWE were evaluated. The demographic and clinical data of the patients were recorded. The Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Quality of Life in Epilepsy Inventory-10 (QOLIE-10) were administered. Results: The mean age of 1358 patients was 35.92 ± 14.11 (range, 18–89) years. Seven hundred fifty-one (55.30 %) were women. Some 12.7 % of the patients had insomnia (ISI > 14), 9.6 % had excessive daytime sleepiness (ESS > 10), 46.5 % had poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5), and 354 patients (26.1 %) had depressive symptoms (BDI > 16). The mean QOLIE-10 score was 22.82 ± 8.14 (10–48). Resistant epilepsy was evaluated as the parameter with the highest risk affecting quality of life Adjusted odds ratio (AOR = 3.714; 95 % confidence interval (CI): [2.440–5.652] < 0.001)). ISI (AOR = 1.184; 95 % CI: [1.128–1.243]; p < 0.001), ESS (AOR = 1.081; 95 % CI: [1.034–1.130]; p < 0.001), PSQI (AOR = 0.928; 95 % CI: [0.867 – 0.994]; p = 0.034), BDI (AOR = 1.106; 95 % CI: [1.084–1.129]; p < 0.001), epilepsy duration (AOR = 1.023; 95 % CI: [1.004–1.041]; p = 0.014), were determined as factors affecting quality of life. Significance: Sleep disorders are common in PWE and impair their quality of life. Quality of life can be improved by controlling the factors that may cause sleep disorders such as good seizure control, avoiding polypharmacy, and correcting the underlying mood disorders in patients with epilepsy