Successful Secondary Agricultural Programs Outside the Classroom: A View of Champions

The purpose of this study was to study select secondary agricultural education programs and determine common traits among these programs which lead them to be successful in a number of different areas including: Career Development Events (CDE) winners, Leadership Development Events (LDE) winners, agricultural science fair winners, chapters of elected state FFA officers, proficiency award winners, national chapter awards, and state fair market show results. This study utilized a modified Delphi approach consisting of three rounds to reach consensus on the importance of traits related to successful SAE and FFA programs. Many traits were identified but the most important traits associated with high performing programs that instructors agreed on were 1) student commitment to involvement, 2) student willingness to participate, 3) student enthusiasm about participation, 4) student initiative, and 6) student interest in their project. This research also found that although every student is required to have an SAE and previous research recommends providing grades based on SAE projects, teachers in this study found grading SAEs unimportant and many did not have 100% participation in SAEs

Invertebrate community structure, with particular reference to Coleoptera: Carabidae, in Clearfelled and plantation areas of Hamsterley forest, county Durham

Summary 1. This study examined the invertebrate populations of two habitat types in Hamsterley Forest, County Durham. 2. Invertebrate populations in mature Sitka spruce plantations and Clearfelled habitats were examined by sampling the soil and surface active fauna. 3. Differences were found to exist abundances of invertebrates at the order level between the habitats, although the responses of the surface active and soil dwelling fauna were different. 4. A larger proportion of the beetles were caught in the clearfelled habitat, although some families were more abundant in the plantation than in the clearfell 5. Significantly more ground beetles were caught in the open clearfell habitat than in the mature plantation. 6. The most abundant carabid species was Pterostichus adstrictus contributing over 35% of the carabids caught, and was found almost exclusively on the open habitat. 7. Multivariate analysis revealed that the surface active fauna sampled were distinct in two ways, with the principle axis of ordination relating to habitat type and the second axis of ordination relating to differences in the clearfell sites. At the order level the soil fauna did not separate in a similar manner and the two habitats are thought to play a minor role in shaping the community. 8. The differences in carabid assemblages in the clearfell sites sampled could not be explained in terms of the environmental variables recorded. It is proposed that the differences between the habitats, and the difference within the open habitat, were related to temperature differences, as a result of the different insulation properties of the habitat types

The Great War : images of reality in the French novel

War destroys the sensibility of the mind yet paradoxically it can heighten emotion and perception. Although the Great War for Civilisation destroyed the youth of an entire generation, although it irrevocably scarred the face of modern French history, its repercussions were, nevertheless, deeply lodge in the country's subsequent literary output. A link emerged between war and literature formerly unknown, as many established writers became involved in the fighting and civilians temporarily transformed into soldiers gave vent to their feelings in a secondary war of words. This thesis investigates the merging of the real with the imaginary, the threading together of historical fact and literary technique. The Introduction places emphasis upon the final weeks of peace leading up to the outbreak of hostilities and the portrayal of these events in the French novel. Each chapter then deals with different aspects of trench warfare on the Western Front. In Chapter I, I consider the innocence and naivety with which men went to war, their failure to take the situation seriously, their curiosity, their refusal to fear. The traditional heroic and patriotic spirit that has romanticized war in the past, however is completely destroyed in Chapters II and III, as a different picture is painted by those who gained first-hand experience of the horrors of the Front. In Chapter IV the telling effects of these horrors upon the wretched mortals who, day after day, month after month, endured the most inhuman existence imaginable, are assessed, and the themes of death, depersonalization and dehumanization closely examined. The absurdity of war, both in the trenches and on the "home front", is dealt with in Chapters V and VI. Chapter VII focuses attention on the utter folly of a situation where nobody wanted to fight, to be killed, and yet where no-one dared to reuse the wishes of the politicians and commanding officers who continued to accelerate the "war effort" despite rising casualties. Chapter VI adopts a different viewpoint as shared by those who remained behind. The total breakdown in communication and understanding between soldiers and civilians is clearly depicted and the wedge driven between the two, strongly emphasized. The final chapter paintes quite a different picture of war, revealing the more positive, more enjoyable, more humerous [sic] aspects of life in the trenches. The Great War was not the war to end all wars, as had been hoped, indeed, it began a new pattern of fighting more devastating, more frightening than ever before. In conclusion, I pose the question whether 1918 brought final victory or merely a temporary cease fire, an anti-climax; attention is drawn to a possible fascinating comparison between the literature of the First World War and that of the Second World War, and to the recent revival in interest in the Great War which involvement in the Second World War has inevitably brought about. Nowadays, perhaps more than at any other time during the past 40 years, is the message of the "war novel" appropriate and meaningful. It failed to prevent the outbreak of hostilities in 1939; will it succeed in maintaining world peace in the future

Evidence for a rotation in asthenospheric flow in northwest Canada: insights from shear wave splitting

2021 Spring.Includes bibliographical references.The Mackenzie Mountains (MM) of northwest Canada are an actively uplifting, seismogenic salient of the northern Canadian Cordillera that lie 750 km NE of the nearest plate boundary. We present new shear wave splitting measurements for the region from a linear array which transects the region to characterize upper mantle anisotropy. A gradual rotation in anisotropy occurs across the Canadian Cordillera, with stations nearest to the craton yielding fast axis orientations that are subparallel to North America absolute plate motion (~230°). Moving SW from the craton, across the MM and towards the plate boundary, fast-axis orientations rotate to become aligned with major lithospheric fabrics (NW-SE). Previous work has shown that the Cordilleran lithosphere is thin (~50 km) in this region. We therefore interpret these results to primarily reflect sublithospheric flow. Three subduction-transpressional related hypotheses for flow are presented, where our preferred hypotheses invokes depth-dependent, subduction-induced flow

The fractional integrated bi- parameter smooth transition autoregressive model

This paper introduces the fractionally integrated Bi-parameter smooth transition autoregressive model (FI-BSTAR model) as an extension of BSTAR model proposed by Siliverstovs (2005) and the fractionally integrated STAR model (FI-STAR model) proposed by van Dijk et al. (2002). Our FI-BSTAR model is able to simultaneously describe persistence and asymmetric smooth structural change in time series. An empirical application using monthly growth rates of the American producer price index is provided.Long Memory, Nonlinearity, Asymmetry, STAR models.

Differences in access to evidence-based practice training among health professionals

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