20 research outputs found
Central Z<sub>eff</sub> Measurements with a New PHA Diagnostic and its Further Applications on ASDEX Upgrade
Overview of ASDEX Upgrade results
Recent results from the ASDEX Upgrade experimental campaigns 2001 and 2002 are presented. An improved understanding of energy and particle transport emerges in terms of a 'critical gradient' model for the temperature gradients. Coupling this to particle diffusion explains most of the observed behaviour of the density profiles, in particular, the finding that strong central heating reduces the tendency for density profile peaking. Internal transport barriers (ITBs) with electron and ion temperatures in excess of 20 keV (but not simultaneously) have been achieved. By shaping the plasma, a regime with small type II edge localized modes (ELMs) has been established. Here, the maximum power deposited on the target plates was greatly reduced at constant average power. Also, an increase of the ELM frequency by injection of shallow pellets was demonstrated. ELM free operation is possible in the quiescent H-mode regime previously found in DIII-D which has also been established on ASDEX Upgrade. Regarding stability, a regime with benign neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) was found. During electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) stabilization of NTMs, Ξ²N could be increased well above the usual onset level without a reappearance of the NTM. Electron cyclotron resonance heating and ECCD have also been used to control the sawtooth repetition frequency at a moderate fraction of the total heating power. The inner wall of the ASDEX Upgrade vessel has increasingly been covered with tungsten without causing detrimental effects on the plasma performance. Regarding scenario integration, a scenario with a large fraction of noninductively driven current (β₯50%), but without ITB has been established. It combines improved confinement (ΟE/ΟITER98 β 1.2) and stability (Ξ²N β€ 3.5) at high Greenwald fraction (ne/nGW β 0.85) in steady state and with type II ELMy edge and would offer the possibility for long pulses with high fusion power at reduced current in ITER
Formation of a controlling system in a heat and power organization
Π¦Π΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ° ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΠΈΡ ΠΈΠ· ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΠΏΠΎΠ² ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π΅Π΅ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΈΠ΄Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Β«ΡΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΒ» Π² ΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΉ Π΄Π΅ΡΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΎΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΡΠ±Π°Π»Π°Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Ρ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ»ΠΈ. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΡΠ°Π·Π²ΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠΎ-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Π»ΠΈΠ½Π³Π° Π² ΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΠΊΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΡΠ°Π΅Ρ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΡΠ½Π΅ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΉ.The aim of the work is the development of theoretical and methodical approaches and the development of a methods for the formation of a controlling system in thermal power organizations. The methods consists of six stages, its feature is the identification of "bottlenecks" in operational and financial activities and the construction of a balanced scorecard, taking into account the specifics of the industry. The methods develops the theoretical and methodological foundations of controlling in the energy sector and increases the efficiency of the functioning of thermal power organizations