Comparison of the WRF and HARMONIE models ability for mountain wave warnings

Mountain lee waves usually involve aircraft icing and turbulence events. These weather phenomena, in turn, are a threat to aviation safety. For this reason, mountain lee waves are an interesting subject of study for the scientific community. This paper analyses several mountain lee waves events in the south-east of the Guadarrama mountain range, near the Adolfo Suarez Madrid-Barajas airport (Spain), using the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) and the HARMONIE-AROME high-resolution numerical models. For this work, simulated brightness temperature from the optimum WRF parametrization schemes and from the HARMONIE are validated using satellite observations to evaluate the performance of the models in reproducing the lenticular clouds associated to mountain lee waves. The brightness temperature probability density shows interesting differences between both models. Following, a mountain wave characterization is performed simulating some atmospheric variables (wind direction, wind speed, atmospheric stability, liquid water content and temperature) in several grid points located in the leeward, windward and over the summit of the mountains. The characterization results are compared for both numerical models and a decision tree is developed for each to forecast and warn the mountain lee waves, lenticular clouds and icing events with a 24 to 48 h lead time. These warnings are validated using several skill scores, revealing similar results for both models

Hyaluronic acid covers in burn treatment: a systematic review

Abstract OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of hyaluronic acid in the healing of partial thickness burns. METHOD Systematic review of randomized controlled trials on the use of hyaluronic acid for the topical treatment of skin burns, based on recommendations of the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. RESULTS Two randomized controlled trials that analyzed 143 patients with partial thickness burns and/or deep partial thickness burns were selected. They compared the application of hyaluronic acid 0.2% associated to silver sulfadiazine 1% 5g/cm2 versus silver sulfadiazine 1% 5g/cm2 alone for the outcome of complete healing. CONCLUSION This review emphasizes the need for new well-designed randomized controlled trials to establish the therapeutic relevance of hyaluronic acid with respect to the healing of burns of partial thickness or deep partial thickness

Dataset for "Microburst Detection with the WRF Model: Effective Resolution and Forecasting Indices"

Abstract: Microbursts are meteorological phenomena in the lower troposphere which can produce damaging surface winds and pose a severe risk to aircraft flying close to the ground. As these events usually span less than 4 km and 15 min, the spatiotemporal resolution is a challenge for numerical simulations. Although research of microburst using operative mesoscale models is scarce, the Weather Research and Forecasting model has been used in the diagnosis of this phenomenon. In this paper, such model is used to simulate several microburst conducive days using two different boundary conditions. The energy spectra of the simulations are computed to evaluate the effective resolution of the model. The results are in line with previous studies and produce no notable differences among the boundary conditions. Nonetheless, the energy spectra show an over-energetic troposphere at microscale resolutions, rendering the effective resolution inadequate for microburst forecasting using the simulated physics variables. Thus, mesoscale indices are analysed as a prognostic tool. The Wind Index, the Wet Microburst Severity Index and the Microburst Windspeed Potential Index do not show high forecasting performances, even though improving the results of climatology. Also, notable differences among the boundary conditions can be seen. The most consistent results are achieved by the Wet Microburst Severity Index. Note: Due to the high resolution used, the 40 simulations produced are over 7 TB is size. Only the WRF configuration files are provided here, to reproduce the simulations if necessary. The NCL scripts can be used to plot the Energy Spectra and several variables used in the evaluation. The R scripts can be used to plot ROC curves. See each file description for further detail

Dataset for "Simulation of Atmospheric Microbursts Using a Numerical Mesoscale Model at High Spatiotemporal Resolution"

In the associated paper, the Weather Research and Forecasting model is used at resolutions of 400 m and 3 min to test if it can properly capture the variables and dynamics of high-reflectivity microbursts observed in the MIST project. Several microphysics and planetary boundary layer parametrizations are tested to find the best model configuration for the simulation of this kind of episodes. Due to the high resolution used, the 12 simulations produced are over 740 GB is size. Only the WRF configuration files are provided here, to reproduce the simulations if necessary. The NCL scripts can plot and test different variables in the simulations. A table with numerical results is provided. See each file description for further detail

Dataset for "Simulation of Atmospheric Microbursts Using a Numerical Mesoscale Model at High Spatiotemporal Resolution"

In the associated paper, the Weather Research and Forecasting model is used at resolutions of 400 m and 3 min to test if it can properly capture the variables and dynamics of high-reflectivity microbursts observed in the MIST project. Several microphysics and planetary boundary layer parametrizations are tested to find the best model configuration for the simulation of this kind of episodes. Due to the high resolution used, the 12 simulations produced are over 740 GB is size. Only the WRF configuration files are provided here, to reproduce the simulations if necessary. The NCL scripts can plot and test different variables in the simulations. A table with numerical results is provided. See each file description for further detail

Dataset for "Microburst Detection with the WRF Model: Effective Resolution and Forecasting Indices"

Abstract: Microbursts are meteorological phenomena in the lower troposphere which can produce damaging surface winds and pose a severe risk to aircraft flying close to the ground. As these events usually span less than 4 km and 15 min, the spatiotemporal resolution is a challenge for numerical simulations. Although research of microburst using operative mesoscale models is scarce, the Weather Research and Forecasting model has been used in the diagnosis of this phenomenon. In this paper, such model is used to simulate several microburst conducive days using two different boundary conditions. The energy spectra of the simulations are computed to evaluate the effective resolution of the model. The results are in line with previous studies and produce no notable differences among the boundary conditions. Nonetheless, the energy spectra show an over-energetic troposphere at microscale resolutions, rendering the effective resolution inadequate for microburst forecasting using the simulated physics variables. Thus, mesoscale indices are analysed as a prognostic tool. The Wind Index, the Wet Microburst Severity Index and the Microburst Windspeed Potential Index do not show high forecasting performances, even though improving the results of climatology. Also, notable differences among the boundary conditions can be seen. The most consistent results are achieved by the Wet Microburst Severity Index. Note: Due to the high resolution used, the 40 simulations produced are over 7 TB is size. Only the WRF configuration files are provided here, to reproduce the simulations if necessary. The NCL scripts can be used to plot the Energy Spectra and several variables used in the evaluation. The R scripts can be used to plot ROC curves. See each file description for further detail

La polmonite in eta' pediatrica

Viene descritto un protocollo di terapia della polmonite in et\ue0 pediatrica

Immunoprophylaxis for influenza: comparison of a subunit and a whole virion vaccine

In order to evaluate and compare immunogenicity, reactogenicity and protection of a subunit vaccine and a whole virus vaccine 102 elderly subjects were vaccined against influenza in November 1986: 53 received the subunit vaccine and 49 were immunized with the whole virus preparation. Local and systemic reactions following immunization, as well as the presence of influenza clinical symptoms were recorded throughout the study period (November 1986 - June 1987). Antibodies against influenza were detected using the Single Radial Haemolysis (S.R.H.) technique on two serum samples obtained from volunteers prior to immunization and 1 month later. The subunit vaccine showed equal immunogenicity, equal protection and lower reactogenicity as compared with the whole virus preparation